Uziva udiniwe? Udiniwe ngalo lonke ixesha? Isenokuba yi-anemia!

Ngaba nawe uziva udiniwe kangangokuba awukwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla? Ngaba uziva unesizungu nokuba uhambahamba kancinci? Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva unesizungu, isifuba sakho sivakala sinzima, kwaye ulusu lwakho lubonakala lumhlophe? Ezi azikokudinwa nje okuqhelekileyo, kodwa zinokuba ziimpawu zemeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-anemia, okanye into esiyibiza ngokuba yi-anemia ngokwezonyango . Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngokuba yintoni i-anemia, izizathu zayo, iimpawu, unyango, kunye nendlela yokuyinyamekela.

Yintoni i-anemia? Ngamafutshane...

Ngamafutshane, i-anemia iyenzeka xa inani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi emzimbeni wakho lincipha, okanye iiseli ezibomvu zegazi onazo zingasebenzi kakuhle . Ezi seli zibomvu zegazi zithwala ioksijini emzimbeni wakho wonke. Ngoko ke xa zincipha okanye umsebenzi wazo uncipha, iiseli emzimbeni wakho azifumani ioksijini eziyidingayo. Kulapho uqala ukuziva udiniwe kwaye udiniwe, njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili.

Ezinye iintlobo ze-anemia zifunyanwa njengelifa . Oko kukuthi, zibangelwa zizinto zemfuza ezidluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana. Nangona kunjalo, i-anemia inokukhula ngexesha lobomi bethu ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo (ezifunyenweyo) .

I-anemia inokuchaphazela ubomi bakho ngeendlela ezininzi. Ezinye iintlobo ze-anemia azikho mbi kakhulu kwaye zinokunyangwa ngokukhawuleza. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iintlobo, ezifana ne-anemia yokuzalwa, zinokubangela iingxaki zempilo ubomi bonke. I-anemia enzima inokuba yingozi ebomini . Kwakhona, ngamanye amaxesha i-anemia inokuba luphawu lwesifo esinzima njengomhlaza. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela oku.

Ingaba le yi-anemia ixhaphakile?

Ewe, le yimeko eqhelekileyo kunokuba unokucinga. Iingcali zithi malunga nesithathu sabantu emhlabeni wonke bane-anemia. Ngoko ke, ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, yazi ukuba awuwedwa.

Zithini iimpawu ze-anemia? Ngaba nawe unazo ezi?

Uphawu oluphambili lwe-anemia kukudinwa kakhulu nokudinwa . Oku kuthetha ukuba uziva udiniwe kangangokuba awukwazi nokwenza imisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla. Ukongeza, unokufumana iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Iintlungu zesifuba
• Isiyezi
• Usulelo oluqhelekileyo (ngenxa yokuncipha kwamandla omzimba)
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo - ukuziva ngathi isifuba sakho siyabetha ngamandla.
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ulusu lubonakala lumhlophe kwaye lumhlophe kunesiqhelo.
• Isandi esivakalayo ezindlebeni (isandi esivakalayo)
• Ukuphefumla kancinci/ukuphelelwa ngamandla - ukuziva uphelelwa ngamandla nokuba usenza umthambo omncinci.

Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, kungcono ukubona ugqirha ukuze akunike ingcebiso.

Kutheni sifumana olu hlobo lwe-anemia? Zithini izizathu?

Zininzi izizathu ze-anemia. Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, ezi zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini eziphambili: i-acquired anemias kunye ne-inherited anemias .

I-Anemias efunyenweyo

Ezi zezona zibonwa kakhulu.

• I-anemia yokunqongophala kwe-iron: Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwe-anemia. Ingabangelwa kukungabikho kwe-iron ekutyeni, okanye ngenxa yokopha ngenxa yokwenzakala okanye ukugula.
• I-anemia yesifo esingapheliyo: Ukuba unesifo esihlala ixesha elide, ingakumbi esibangela ukudumba okungapheliyo (umz. isifo samathambo), usenokuba ne-anemia kuba umzimba wakho unobunzima bokusebenzisa i-iron.
• I-Autoimmune hemolytic anemia: Oku kwenzeka xa inkqubo yakho yomzimba ihlasela kwaye itshabalalise iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi .
• I-Macrocytic anemia kunye ne-megaloblastic anemia: Kwezi ntlobo, umongo wethambo uvelisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezinkulu ngokungaqhelekanga. Ezinye izifo kunye nokunqongophala kweevithamini (ingakumbi i-vitamin B12 kunye ne-folic acid) kunokubangela oku. Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-vitamin deficiency anemia .
• I-Normocytic anemia: Le yimeko apho inani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi liphantsi kunesiqhelo. Oku kunokuba nezizathu ezininzi.
• I-anemia enobungozi: Oku kukwangunobangela wokunqongophala kwe-vitamin B12 . Le yimeko yokuzikhusela komzimba ethintela umzimba ekufumaneni i-vitamin B12.

Ukongeza, abantu abanezifo ezingapheliyo ezifana nezi:

• Izifo ezizikhusela ngokwazo emzimbeni (umz. i-lupus)
• Umhlaza
• Isifo samathumbu esidumbileyo (IBD) (umz. isifo sikaCrohn)
• Isifo sezintso
• Isifo sesibindi
• Isifo se-thyroid

I-Anemias ezuzwe njengelifa

Ezi zifunyanwa ngabazali zisuka ebantwaneni.

• I-Diamond-Blackfan anemia: Kule meko, umongo wethambo awukwazi ukuvelisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezaneleyo.
• I-Fanconi anemia: Esi sisifo segazi esingaqhelekanga. Abantu abanale meko basengozini enkulu yokufumana izifo ezinxulumene negazi, kuquka i-anemia.
• I-Sickle cell anemia: Le yimeko apho iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zitshintsha imilo. Endaweni yeeseli eziqhelekileyo ezijikelezileyo neziguquguqukayo, ziba ziiseli eziqinileyo, ezinamathelayo, ezimile okwesikele. Ezi seli zinamathela kwimithambo yegazi zize zithintele ukuhamba kwegazi.
• I-Thalassemia: Kule meko, ukuveliswa kwe-hemoglobin emzimbeni, iproteni ethwala ioksijini kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi, kuncipha. Ngenxa yoko, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ziba ncinci, nto leyo ebangela i-anemia. Le meko inokubonwa naseSri Lanka.

Ezinye iintlobo ze-anemia (ezinokwenzeka ekuzalweni okanye kamva)

Kukho iintlobo ezithile ze-anemia ezinokufunyanwa njengelifa okanye zikhule kamva ebomini.

• I-Aplastic anemia: Kule meko, ii-stem cells kwi-bone marrow azivelisi ii-blood cells ezaneleyo (ii-red cells, ii-white cells, kunye nee-platelets).
• I-Hemolytic anemia: Kule meko, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ziyaqhekeka okanye zife ngokukhawuleza kunesiqhelo.
• I-Microcytic anemia: Oku kwenzeka xa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zingena-hemoglobin eyaneleyo, nto leyo eyenza zibe ncinci kunesiqhelo. Ingabonakala nakubantu abaswele i-iron, i-thalassemia, i-sideroblastic anemia, kunye nezinye izifo ezingapheliyo.
• I-Sideroblastic anemia: Oku kubangelwa kukusetyenziswa okungaqhelekanga kwesinyithi ngexesha lokwenziwa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi.

Ngoku mhlawumbi uyaqonda ukuba zingaphi izizathu ezibangela i-anemia.

Ungazi njani ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba une-anemia? (Ukuxilongwa)

Ukuba uneempawu ze-anemia, ugqirha uza kuqala akubuze ngeempawu zakho. Emva koko, ukuze afumanise ukuba i-anemia ibangelwa kukungabikho kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi, ugqirha uza kuyalela uvavanyo lwegazi oluninzi. Ezona ziphambili zezi:

• Ubalo lweGazi olupheleleyo (CBC): Olu vavanyo lujonga zonke iintlobo zeeseli egazini lakho, ingakumbi iiseli ezibomvu zegazi. Lunokukuxelela izinto ezifana nenani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi, ubungakanani bazo, kunye nokuma kwazo. Lungasetyenziselwa ukujonga amanqanaba akho evithamini B12 okanye i-B9 (folate).
• Uvavanyo lweHemoglobin: IHemoglobin yeyona nto iphambili kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi. Olu vavanyo ludla ngokwenziwa ukuze kufunyanwe i-anemia.
• Uvavanyo lweHematocrit: Olu vavanyo lulinganisa ukuba yipesenti engakanani yegazi lakho eyenziwe ziiseli ezibomvu zegazi.
• I-smear yegazi engaphandle: Oku kuquka ukujonga iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi phantsi kwemakroskopu ukujonga ubungakanani kunye nokuma kwazo.
• Inani lee-reticulocyte: Ii-reticulocytes ziiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezingavuthwanga. Olu vavanyo lujonga ukuba umongo wakho wethambo uvelisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezaneleyo na.

Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zezi mvavanyo, ugqirha uya kugqiba ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwe-anemia onayo kunye nokuba yintoni unobangela.

Ngaba i-anemia ingabangela ezinye iingxaki?

Ewe, ukuba i-anemia ayinyangwa ngokufanelekileyo, okanye ukuba iyaqhubeka nangona unyango (i-anemia engapheliyo), ezinye iingxaki zempilo (iingxaki) zinokubakho. Umzekelo:

• Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo
• Ukumelwa yintliziyo
• Umonakalo wamalungu omzimba

Kungoko ke kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha uze ufumane unyango ngokukhawuleza ukuba ukrokrela ukuba une-anemia.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-anemia?

Unyango lwe-anemia luyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-anemia onayo kunye nesizathu sayo. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba i-anemia ibangelwa yenye imeko engaphantsi, ugqirha wakho uya kuyinyanga loo meko. Ukongeza, kukho unyango oluhambelana ne-anemia. Oku kunokuquka izongezo zokutya , amayeza, kwanezinye iinkqubo zonyango .

Izongezo zokutya

Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa izongezo ezifana nezi:

• Izongezo zesinyithi: Ezi ziza ngohlobo lweekhaphu okanye iipilisi ozithatha ngomlomo. Ungazithatha neglasi yamanzi.
• Izongezo ze-folic acid: I-Vitamin B9, okanye i-folate, yi-vitamin ebalulekileyo emzimbeni wethu. Inceda ekwakhiweni kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi kunye ne-DNA, isiseko sokwakha imizimba yethu.
• Izongezo zeVithamin B12: IVithamin B12 inceda ekuveliseni iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezisempilweni.

Kubalulekile: Musa ukuthatha esi songezo wedwa ngaphandle kokubonisana nogqirha. Sithathe kanye njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuyalele, ngobungakanani nangexesha elimiselweyo.

Amayeza

Oogqirha banokunika amayeza anjengala kwiintlobo ezithile ze-anemia:

• I-Erythropoietin: Eli yeza linceda umongo wethambo ukuba wenze iiseli zegazi ezingakumbi.
• Izinto ezithintela amasosha omzimba: Ukuba une-anemia ngenxa yesifo sokuzikhusela komzimba, la mayeza anceda ekuthinteleni amasosha omzimba wakho ekuhlaseleni iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi.

Iinkqubo zonyango

Kwezinye iimeko, ugqirha unokucebisa izinto ezifana nezi:

• Utofelo-gazi: Ukunika igazi elitsha ukuze lithathe indawo yeeseli ezibomvu zegazi eziphelelwe lixesha.
• Ukufakelwa kweeseli ze-stem (i-bone marrow): Le yinkqubo yokutshintsha iiseli ze-stem zegazi ezingaphilanga kakuhle ngeeseli eziphilileyo. Oku kwenziwa kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu.
• Utyando:Ukuba kukho ukopha ngaphakathi, kunokwenziwa utyando ukuze kuthintelwe ukopha.

Andikwazi na ukunyanga i-anemia ndedwa?

Ixesha elininzi, iimpawu ze-anemia azikho nzulu, kwaye inokuba yingxaki yexesha elifutshane. Nje ukuba ugqirha aqinisekise ukuba i-anemia yimbangela yeempawu zakho, unokukwazi ukuyilawula ngokutshintsha ukutya kwakho okanye ukuthatha izongezo ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla .

Kodwa, nantsi into. Iimpawu ze-anemia zinokufana neempawu zezinye izifo. Umzekelo, ukuba udiniwe kungakhathaliseki ukuba uphumle kangakanani na, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ayisiyo-anemia konke konke.

Ngoko ke, ukuba udiniwe okanye kukho utshintsho emzimbeni wakho kangangeeveki ezingaphezu kwezimbini kwaye alupheli , ngokuqinisekileyo bonana nogqirha. Ugqirha ngumntu onokufumana unobangela wokwenene weempawu zakho aze akunike unyango olufanelekileyo.

Ngaba umntu one-anemia angaphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo?

Kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwimeko yakho. Unyango lunokunceda ukulawula iimpawu ze-anemia. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, zininzi izizathu. Ezinye iimeko, ezifana neemeko zokuzalwa kunye nezifo ezingapheliyo, azinakuphiliswa. I-anemia enganyangwayo, engapheliyo (i-anemia engapheliyo) ingakhokelela kwiingxaki ezinkulu, kubandakanya nokonakala kwamalungu omzimba . Ngoko ke, ukuba une-anemia, kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngayo.

Ngaba i-anemia ingathintelwa?

I-anemia yokunqongophala kwe-iron, uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe-anemia, inokuthintelwa ngokufaka ukutya okutyebileyo kwi-iron ekutyeni kwakho kwemihla ngemihla. Imifuno eluhlaza enamagqabi afana nesipinatshi kunye nekale, inyama ebomvu, iimbotyi ezomisiweyo, iilentile, kunye nesoya zonke ziyimithombo elungileyo ye-iron.

Nangona kunjalo, asinakukwazi ukuthintela ezinye iintlobo ze-anemia, ingakumbi ezo zizalwa nazo.

Ndingazinyamekela njani? (Ukuzinyamekela)

Ezinye iintlobo ze-anemia zihlala ixesha elifutshane kwaye azibi yingozi kakhulu, ngelixa ezinye zinokukuchaphazela ubomi bakho bonke. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto ezimbalwa onokuzenza ukulawula iimpawu zakho:

• Landela ukutya okunempilo: Ukungatyi kakuhle kudla ngokuba yeyona nto ibangela i-anemia. Buza ugqirha wakho okanye ingcali yesondlo malunga nokutya okune-iron eninzi kunye nokunye omele ukutye ukuze ufumane izondlo ezifunwa ngumzimba wakho.
• Thatha izongezo ozinikiweyo kanye njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuxelele.
• Sela amanzi amaninzi: Gcina umzimba wakho unamanzi.
• Ukuzilolonga: Ukuzilolonga kubalulekile ukuze ube sempilweni. Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni une-anemia, qhagamshelana nogqirha wakho malunga nendlela yokuzilolonga ngokukhuselekileyo. Musa ukuzilolonga kakhulu ngequbuliso.
• Zikhusele kwiintsholongwane: Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo kwaye kakuhle. Buza ugqirha wakho malunga nezitofu ezinokukukhusela kwiintsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane.

Ndingalufuna nini uncedo lwezonyango?

Ukuba une-anemia, ukuba iimpawu zakho ziba mandundu ngexesha lonyango, okanye ukuba uziva ngathi uqalisa iimpawu ezintsha, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho.

Ndingaya nini kwiGumbi loNgxamiseko (ER)?

I-anemia inokunyusa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa yintliziyo. Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, fowunela u-911 ngoko nangoko okanye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka lesibhedlele esikufutshane :

• Iintlungu zesifuba
• Ukuphefumla nzima okanye ukuphefumla nzima
• Ukudinwa
• Ingxaki yokulala/yokungalali
• Ukucaphuka okanye ukungakhululeki esiswini - Ngamanye amaxesha ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo kunokuvakala ngathi yi-gastritis okanye isisu esibuhlungu.
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo
• Ixhala okanye ukuziva "intshabalalo ezayo"
• Ukubila
• Ukuziva unentloko ekhaphukhaphu , unesizungu okanye uphelelwa ngamandla (Qaphela: Le yinguqulelo yesiGeorgia yebinzana elithi "ukuziva unentloko ekhaphukhaphu, unesiyezi okanye uphelelwa ngamandla" ) - Ukulungiswa: Ukuziva unentloko ekhaphukhaphu, unesiyezi okanye uphelelwa ngamandla

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

I-anemia inokuchaphazela umzimba wakho ngeendlela ezininzi. Kwaye inokuba nezizathu ezininzi. Ukuba une-anemia, ungabuza ugqirha wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• Luhlobo luni lwe-anemia endinayo?
• Yintoni isizathu soko?
• Loluphi unyango olucebisayo?
• Ndiza kuqala nini ukuziva ngcono?
• Kuza kufuneka ndifumane unyango ixesha elingakanani?
• Ngaba oku kunganyangwa ngokupheleleyo?

Ukongeza kule mibuzo, buza ugqirha wakho ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo okanye amathandabuzo onokuba nawo.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-anemia yimeko eyenzeka xa umzimba wakho ungenazo iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezaneleyo, okanye xa zingasebenzi kakuhle. Nangona abanye abantu bezalwa nayo, abaninzi bayayihlakulela kamva ebomini. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuqaphela utshintsho emzimbeni wakho. Umzekelo, sonke siziva sidiniwe ngezinye iintsuku. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba udiniwe iintsuku ezimbalwa, nokuba ufumana ukuphumla okungakanani na, licebo elihle ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngayo.

Khumbula, ukutya okunempilo, ukuthatha izongezo njengoko kuyalelwe ngugqirha wakho ukuba kuyimfuneko, kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo kunokunceda ukulawula i-anemia kunye nokuthintela iingxaki zayo . Nyamekela impilo yakho!

I - anemia, i-anemia, ukudinwa, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, ukungabikho kwe-iron, ukungabikho kweevithamini