Masifunde ngogqirha okhethekileyo oza kukubona ngaphambi kotyando - ingcali yokubulala iintlungu.

Ngaba wakha walungiselela utyando okanye uvavanyo olukhulu? Uyakhumbula ukuba, ukongeza kugqirha wotyando, omnye ugqirha okhethekileyo weza kukubona nini? Loo gqirha yingcali yokubulala iintlungu. Namhlanje, masithethe ngokuba ngubani lo gqirha wokubulala iintlungu, wenza ntoni, kwaye ubaluleke kangakanani kwintuthuzelo nokhuseleko lwakho.

Ngubani i-Anesthesiologist?

Ngamafutshane, i-anesthesiologist ngugqirha okhathalelayo kwi-anesthesia, ulawulo lweentlungu, kunye neyunithi yokhathalelo olubalulekileyo ngaphambi, ngexesha, nasemva kotyando okanye ezinye iinkqubo zonyango ezibuhlungu. Cinga ngokubaluleka kokuba singaziva iintlungu ngexesha lotyando. Lo gqirha uchwephesha wenza kanye loo nto, ngokukhuselekileyo.

Yintoni i-anesthesia?

I-anesthesia lunyango lwezonyango olukuthintela ukuba uzive iintlungu ngexesha lotyando okanye ezinye iinkqubo zonyango. Amayeza asetyenziswa ziingcali ze-anesthesia kunye nabanye oochwephesha bezempilo ukunqanda le ntlungu abizwa ngokuba yi-anesthetics.

Ngoku khangela, ezi ndlela zokubulala iintlungu zisebenza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.

• Ezinye izithomalalisi zokubulala iintlungu ziyenza ingasebenzi kakuhle inxalenye ethile yomzimba wakho. Cinga ngayo njengeyeza olinikayo ngaphambi kokukhupha izinyo.
• Amanye amayeza alalisa ingqondo yakho okwethutyana, aze alahlekelwe yingqondo ngokupheleleyo. Oku kusetyenziswa ngakumbi xa kutyandwa izinto ezinkulu, ezifana nezo zityandwa entloko, esifubeni, okanye esiswini.

Ukuba unento encinci, njengokugcwalisa amazinyo, umzekelo, ugqirha okwenzayo uza kukunika i-anesthetic yendawo , oko kuthetha ukuba liyeza eliphelisa loo ndawo kuphela.

Ingaba ingcali yokubulala iintlungu nayo ingugqirha?

Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo! Ingcali yokubulala iintlungu ngugqirha onezidanga zobugqirha, njengogqirha wakho okanye ugqirha wosapho lwakho. Baneziqu zobugqirha kwezonyango (`MD - Doctor of Medicine` okanye `DO - Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine`). Kwaye, xa ucinga ngesikolo sabo, isidanga saseyunivesithi, kunye nokuhlala emva kwesikolo sezonyango, baqeqeshwa iminyaka ephakathi kwe-12 ne-14. Ngoko ke, loo nto ayiyonto incinci, akunjalo?

Yintoni kanye kanye eyenziwa yingcali yokubulala iintlungu?

Njengogqirha wosapho lwakho, ingcali yokubulala iintlungu inoxanduva lokunyamekela zonke iinkalo zempilo yakho. Umzekelo, baya kujonga uxinzelelo lwegazi, isifo seswekile, isifuba, kunye neemeko zentliziyo ngexesha lotyando, ngelixa bekwakunika i-anesthesia ukuze ungabi nantlungu.

Iingcali zokubulala iintlungu zikwanceda ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lwakho ngokugubungela nokukhusela amalungu omzimba wakho ngelixa ungekho zingqondweni, ukuze kuthintelwe umonakalo.

Iingcali zokubulala iintlungu zineembopheleleko ezibalulekileyo ngaphambi, ngexesha, nasemva kotyando:

Ngaphambi kotyando

• Funda imeko yakho yempilo kunye neziphumo zovavanyo ngononophelo.
• Ukuchonga ukuba umzimba wakho ulungele kangakanani utyando oza kulwenza.
• Ukugqiba ukuba loluphi ucwangciso lokubulala iintlungu olukhuselekileyo kuwe.

Ngexesha lotyando

• Iimpawu zakho ezibalulekileyo – ezifana nokubetha kwentliziyo, uxinzelelo lwegazi, kunye nokuphefumla – ziya kubekwa esweni rhoqo ngexesha lotyando.
• Ukulawula iimeko zakho zempilo ezikhoyo.
• Ukubonelela ngolwelo, iimveliso zegazi kunye namayeza afunekayo emzimbeni wakho ukuze usebenze (umz. intliziyo, imiphunga, izintso).
• Basenokusebenza bodwa, okanye neqela lokhathalelo lwe-anesthesia eliquka abahlengikazi abasebenzisa i-anesthesia okanye abaqeqeshwayo abasebenzisa i-anesthesia.

Emva kotyando

• Emva kotyando, unoxanduva lokunyamekela impilo-ntle yakho ude uphile kancinci kancinci kwimiphumo ye-anesthesia.
• Ngokwesiqhelo, ngugqirha we-anesthesiologist ogqibayo ukuba uphilile ngokupheleleyo kwimiphumo ye-anesthesia kwaye ulungele ukuya ekhaya okanye udluliselwe kwelinye iwadi esibhedlele.

Eminye imisebenzi ebalulekileyo

Iingcali zokubulala iintlungu zikwanyamekela abantu abenza utyando oluncinci okanye abangadingi ukuba bangabikho zingqondweni ngokupheleleyo (`i-General Anesthesia`). Umzekelo, izinto ezifana ne -epidurals ezinikwa oomama abaza kuzala umntwana ukunciphisa iintlungu .

Bakwanceda ekunyamekeleni izigulana ezikwiYunithi yoKhathalelo oluPhezulu (ICU) emva kotyando olukhulu. Bakwasebenza neqela lolawulo lweentlungu zesibhedlele okanye kwindawo yeofisi ukunceda abo baneentlungu eziqatha, nokuba zezengozi okanye iintlungu ezingapheliyo zomqolo.

Ngaba bakhona abanye abantu abakwiqela le-anesthesia?

Ewe, kusenokwenzeka ukuba kukho abanye abantu kwiqela le-anesthesia ngaphandle kwe-anesthesiologist. Masibone ukuba bangoobani.

• Ingcali Yokuthomalalisa Iintlungu Yomongikazi Obhalisiweyo (i-CRNA): Lo ngumongikazi obhalisiweyo ogqibe inkqubo yoqeqesho lokuthomalalisa iintlungu yomongikazi oqinisekisiweyo. Bangabahlengikazi (hayi oogqirha) abafumene uqeqesho oluphambili ekunikezeni unyango lokuthomalalisa iintlungu. I-CRNA idla ngokusebenza phantsi kweliso lengcali yokuthomalalisa iintlungu. Njengokuba umongikazi ekwiwadi yesibhedlele ebenokukunyamekela phantsi kolwalathiso logqirha wakho okanye ugqirha wosapho.
• Umncedisi we-Anesthesiologist oQinisekisiweyo (CAA): Lo ngumboneleli weenkonzo zokhathalelo okwinqanaba eliphakathi osebenza njenge-CRNA. Nangona kunjalo, endaweni yesidanga sobuhlengikazi, banemvelaphi yesayensi, njengesidanga sangaphambi konyango.
• Ugqirha we-Anesthesiologist: Lo ngugqirha ebesithethe ngaye ngaphambili, oqeqeshwe ngokukodwa kwi-anesthesia emva kwesikolo sezonyango. Bafumana uqeqesho lweminyaka emine lwe-anesthesia ngokubanzi. Ukongeza, banokuchitha omnye unyaka okanye emibini beqeqeshwa kuqeqesho oluncinci kwiindawo ezifana nePediatrics, Cardiac, Obstetrics, Intensive Care, okanye Ulawulo lweentlungu.

Ziziphi iindlela zotyando eziqhelekileyo kunye neenkqubo ezifuna ingcali yokubulala iintlungu?

Iinkqubo ezininzi zotyando kunye neenkqubo zonyango zifuna uhlobo oluthile lwe-anesthesia kunye nobuchule be-anesthesiologist. Iindidi ze-anesthesia ezisetyenziswa yi-anesthesiologist zezi:

• I-General Anesthesia - Oku kuthetha ukulahlekelwa ngokupheleleyo yingqondo.
• Ukulala kancinci - Oku kuthetha ukukubangela ulale kancinci.
• I-Anesthesia yeSithili - Oku kuthetha ukuxinanisa indawo enkulu yomzimba.

Ukuba ufuna i-anesthetic yendawo kuphela kwinto encinci, ugqirha oyenzayo uza kukunika yona.

Utyando oluqhelekileyo olufuna i-anesthesia jikelele:

• Utyando lwentloko okanye umqolo
• Utyando lwentliziyo
• Utyando lwemiphunga
• Iinkqubo zotyando esiswini sakho

I-Anesthesia yeSithili – oko kukuthi, i-anesthesia yomqolo, i-epidural anesthesia, okanye i-regional anesthesia block – isetyenziselwa utyando oluqhelekileyo:

• Utyando lwe-hip okanye idolo
• Utyando lwezandla okanye lweenyawo

Ukuthomalalisa umzimba nge-IV – Oku kuthetha ukukunika amayeza okukuphumza nokukugcina uphaphile kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo (oku kusenokubandakanya okanye kungabandakanyi i-anesthesia yendawo) – Iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo ziyafuneka:

• Uvavanyo lwangaphakathi lwe-trachea (i-bronchoscopy)
• Uvavanyo lwangaphakathi lwamathumbu amakhulu (`Colonoscopy`)
• Uvavanyo lwangaphakathi lwesinyi (`Cystoscopy`)
• Utyando lwamazinyo
• Ukulungiswa kokwaphuka kwamathambo okuncinci
• Utyando oluncinci lolusu
• Utyando lweplastiki okanye lokwakha ngokutsha
• Uvavanyo lwenxalenye ephezulu yendlela yokugaya ukutya (i-endoscopy ephezulu)

Iingcali zokubulala iintlungu zezona zinika i-epidural ukulawula iintlungu ngexesha lokubeleka kunye ne-anesthesia yotyando lwe-cesarean (C-section) .

Yintoni omele uyilindele xa usiya kubona i-anesthesiologist?

Uza kudibana nogqirha wakho we-anesthesiologist kwiintsuku okanye iiveki ezimbalwa ngaphambi kotyando lwakho. Ngelo xesha, uza kuqinisekisa ukuba ukulungele utyando.

Imibuzo ekufuneka uyibuze

Bakubuza ngezinto ezifana nezi:

• Injani impilo yakho iyonke ?
• Ngaba kukho naziphi na iimeko zempilo ezazikho ngaphambili , umzekelo, isifo sentliziyo, isifo seswekile, okanye i-asthma?
• Iintlobo zamayeza owasebenzisayo (amiselwe ngugqirha, amayeza athengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha, kunye nezongezo).
• Zithini ii-allergies zakho?
• Nokuba wena okanye nabani na kusapho lwakho ukhe waba neengxaki nge-anesthesia kwixesha elidlulileyo. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngokukodwa, kubalulekile ukuxelela ugqirha wakho ukuba ukhe waba nobunzima bokuvuka kwi-anesthesia kwixesha elidlulileyo, ubusebenzisa i-ventilator ixesha elide kunokuba bekulindelwe, ukhe waba ne-reaction efana nomkhuhlane kwi-anesthesia, okanye ukhe waba nesicaphucaphu esikhulu nokuhlanza emva kotyando.

Uvavanyo lomzimba olwenziweyo

Baza kujonga ezi zinto ngawe:

• Indlela yomoya – Oku kuthetha amazinyo akho, umphimbo, intamo, kunye nemingxunya yempumlo.
• Intliziyo.
• Imiphunga.
• I-pulse (`I-pulse` / `Isantya sentliziyo`).

Baza kuphinda bahlole iimvavanyo zakho zegazi, ii-X-ray, ii-ultrasound, kunye neengxelo ze-EKG (electrocardiogram) ukuqinisekisa ukuba ulungele kakuhle utyando lwakho.

Emva kokuqwalasela konke oku, baza kugqiba ngesicwangciso se-anesthesia esifanelekileyo kuwe - nokuba yi-anesthesia eqhelekileyo, i-anesthesia yengingqi, i-anesthesia yomqolo, okanye indibaniselwano yezi zinto. Ungoyiki ukubuza imibuzo ye-anesthesiologist yakho. Cacisa ukuba bacebisa ntoni kwaye ulindele ntoni.

Umntu uba yingcali njani yokubulala iintlungu?

Ukuze ube yi-anesthesiologist, umntu kufuneka enze zonke ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Imfundo yangaphambi kokufumana unyango yeminyaka emine eyunivesithi kunye nesidanga se-bachelor.
• Imfundo yesikolo sezonyango yeminyaka emine (`isikolo sezonyango`) kunye nesidanga sezonyango (`MD` okanye `DO`).
• Uqeqesho olukhethekileyo lweminyaka emine emva kwesidanga sokuqala ('iResidency') kwinkqubo yokubulala iintlungu.
• Ukongeza, ukuba uyathanda, ungafumana olunye unyaka okanye emibini yoqeqesho oluncinci (`uqeqesho lobudlelwane`) . Oko kukuthi, kwicandelo elikhethekileyo ngakumbi njenge-cardiology, neurology, pediatrics, obstetrics kunye ne-gynecology, unyango olunzulu, okanye ulawulo lweentlungu.

Emva kolu qeqesho lwe-postgraduate, uninzi lwee-anesthesiologists luqinisekiswa yibhodi yi-American Board of Anesthesiology (ABA) ngokuthatha iimviwo ezibhaliweyo nezomlomo.

Njengabo bonke abanye oochwephesha bezonyango, iingcali zokubulala iintlungu kufuneka ziye kwiingqungquthela nakwiiklasi kuyo yonke imisebenzi yazo ukuze zihlale zinolwazi ngezinto ezintsha eziphuhlisweyo kunye netekhnoloji kwicandelo lazo. Abanye babandakanyeka kuphando ukuze bafumane iindlela ezintsha nezingcono zokuhambisa i-anesthesia.

Ziziphi iingcali kwicandelo le-anesthesiology?

Ezinye zezona zinto zikhethekileyo kwicandelo le-anesthesiology zezi:

• Ulawulo lweentlungu
• I-anesthesia yentliziyo
• I-anesthesia yabantwana
• I-Neuro-anesthesia
• I-anesthesia yokukhulelwa
• Unyango olubalulekileyo / olunzulu
• Ulawulo lwe-anesthesia yengingqi / Ulawulo lweentlungu ezibukhali
• Ukhathalelo lwe-hospice kunye nonyango lokudambisa iintlungu

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Ukwenziwa utyando okanye inkqubo enkulu yezonyango kunokuba nzima kancinci. Kodwa khumbula, ingcali yakho yokubulala iintlungu inolwazi olukhethekileyo kunye nezakhono zokukugcina ukhuselekile ngexesha lotyando lwakho. Baza kukwenza isicwangciso sokubulala iintlungu esenzelwe wena ngokukodwa.

Ungoyiki ukubuza imibuzo kugqirha wakho we-anesthesiologist. Bakhona ukukunceda uzive ukhululekile kwaye uzithembile ngotyando lwakho. Ukhuseleko lwakho lubaluleke kakhulu kubo.

Ngoko ke, kwixesha elizayo wena okanye umntu omaziyo kufuneka enziwe utyando, ngoku uyazi ngendima yengcali yokubulala iintlungu, akunjalo? Ndiyathemba ukuba oku kuya kukwenza uzive ukhululekile.

Ingcali yokubulala iintlungu, i-anesthesia, utyando, utyando, i-anesthesia, ulawulo lweentlungu, ingcali yokubulala iintlungu