Ukuba ugqirha ukuxelela ukuba umntwana wakho unengxaki yentliziyo, uziva usoyika kakhulu kwaye ukhathazekile, akunjalo? Kuqhelekile kakhulu. Kodwa uninzi lwexesha, ezinye zezi meko azinabungozi njengoko sicinga. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngemeko ekhethekileyo ebangelwa kukuzalwa kwaye ibonakala kwimithambo yegazi yentliziyo. Oku ngokwezonyango kubizwa ngokuba yi -Anomalous Coronary Artery . Masithethe ngale nto ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-Anomalous Coronary Artery?
Kulula kakhulu ukuyiqonda le nto. Intliziyo yethu ifana nepompo eyenziwe ngezicubu zemisipha. Le misipha yentliziyo ifuna igazi elicocekileyo nelineoksijini ukuze isebenze. Imithambo yegazi enika elo gazi ibizwa ngokuba yimithambo yentliziyo . Imithambo yentliziyo engaqhelekanga kuxa enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi mithambo yentliziyo ingasebenzi kakuhle xa umntwana esakhula esibelekweni.
Khawucinge ngento eyenzekayo apha, njengombhobho wamanzi endlwini oqala kwindawo engafanelekanga uze uqhagamshele kwindawo engafanelekanga. Le mithambo yegazi ayiqali apho kufanele ukuba khona, okanye ayikho apho kufanele ukuba khona.
Iindidi zemithambo yegazi ezinokuchaphazeleka kakhulu yile ngxaki zezi:
- Umthambo wentliziyo wasekunene
- Umthambo oyintloko wentliziyo ekhohlo
- Umthambo we-circumflex wasekhohlo
- Umthambo ohlayo ngaphambili ekhohlo
Eyona nto iphambili eyenzekayo xa le mithambo yegazi ikwindawo engafanelekanga kukuba iphazamisa ukuhamba kwegazi okuqhelekileyo okuneoksijini ukuya kwimisipha yentliziyo. Oku kunokubangela ukuba imisipha yentliziyo ingafumani igazi elaneleyo.
Le meko inokuchaphazela malunga ne-1% yabemi. Kodwa khumbula, uninzi lwezi meko azinabungozi. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha, inokubangela iingxaki ngenxa yokuncipha kokuhamba kwegazi ukuya kwimisipha yentliziyo.
Ngaba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezi?
Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziphambili zale meko. Masiyijonge ngokulula, ngaphandle kokuyenza ibe nzima.
- Ngaphandle komthambo oyintloko wasekhohlo, eminye imithambo emibini iqala ngqo kwenye indawo. Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwale meko.
- Umthambo uqala kwelinye icala lomzimba endaweni yokuba uqalise apho kufanele uqalise khona. Ngokwesiqhelo, umthambo wasekhohlo uqala kwicala lasekhohlo kwaye umthambo wasekunene uqala kwicala lasekunene. Kodwa kule meko, kusenokwenzeka ukuba utshintshile.
- Endaweni yokuqala kumthambo oyintloko othwala igazi elineoksijini ukuya entliziyweni (i-aorta), iqala kumthambo othwala igazi ukuya emiphungeni (umthambo wemiphunga). Oku kungaba yimeko eyingozi kakhulu.
- Amaxesha amaninzi, kukho iimeko apho umthambo owongezelelweyo uqala kwityhubhu ethwala igazi ukuya emiphungeni.
Ngamanye amaxesha, umthambo ohlala kwindawo eqhelekileyo unceda ekuzaliseni indima umthambo ongaqhelekanga ongenakukwazi ukuyenza. Yiyo loo nto abanye abantu bengabi nazimpawu de babe badala.
Zithini iimpawu zale meko?
Iimpawu ezibonakalayo zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesifo esingaqhelekanga. Ngamanye amaxesha, iimpawu azibonakali kubantwana abancinci, kodwa kubantu abadala. Masibone oku ngokucacileyo kwitheyibhile.
| Uhlobo lokungaqhelekanga | Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo |
|---|---|
| Umthambo oqala kwindawo engafanelekanga (AAOCA) | Abantwana abaninzi abanazo iimpawu. Ngamanye amaxesha uphawu lokuqala luba kukuma kwentliziyo ngequbuliso (i-SCA) okwenzeka ngexesha lokuzilolonga. Lo mngcipheko uphezulu kakhulu kubantu abancinci abaneminyaka eli-10 ukuya kwengama-30 ubudala.
|
| I-aorta yasekunene evela kumthambo wemiphunga (i-ARCAPA) | Iimpawu zinokubonakala xa umntwana ezalwa okanye phakathi kweminyaka engama-40-60 ubudala. |
| I-aorta yasekhohlo evela kumthambo we-pulmonary (ALCAPA) | Le yimeko embi kakhulu. Iimpawu zihlala zibonakala ebuntwaneni, kunyaka wokuqala. |
Yintoni isizathu soku?
Isizathu esichanekileyo soku asikafunyanwa. Le yingxaki yokuzalwa . Oku kuthetha ukuba le meko yenzeka ngenxa yesiphene esithile esenzeka xa imithambo yentliziyo yenziwe ngenyanga yokuqala emva kokukhulelwa.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba uphando aluzange lubonise ukuba esi sisifo esidluliselwa kwilifa. Ngoko ke, musa ukucinga ukuba le yingxaki yakho.
Ugqirha ufumanisa njani esi sifo kanye kanye?
Kunokuba nzima kancinci ukuyibona kuba abanye abantu abanazo iimpawu kwaye yonke into ibonakala iphilile ngexesha lovavanyo lwezonyango oluqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ugqirha wakho urhanela le meko, uya kucebisa uvavanyo olufana nolu.
- I-CT Angiogram (i-Computed Tomography Angiogram): Oku kungathatha imifanekiso yemithambo yegazi yentliziyo enamacala amathathu (3D) kwaye kubone ngqo apho ikhoyo imithambo yegazi.
- I-X-reyi yesifuba
- I-Transthoracic Echocardiogram: Iskeni yokujonga umsebenzi kunye nolwakhiwo lwentliziyo.
- Uvavanyo lwe-ECG (i-Electrocardiogram): Uvavanyo lokujonga ukusebenza kombane kwentliziyo.
- Iskeni ye-MRI yentliziyo
- Ukufakwa kweCatheterization yentliziyo: Ityhubhu encinci idluliselwa kwimithambo yegazi iye entliziyweni ukujonga uxinzelelo kunye nendawo yemithambo.
- Uvavanyo loxinzelelo: Ukujonga indlela intliziyo esebenza ngayo ngexesha lokuzilolonga.
Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?
Unyango luxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesifo esingaqhelekanga, ubukhali baso, nokuba ngaba kukho iimpawu okanye azikho.
Kwabaninzi abantu, ingakumbi abantu abaselula nabasempilweni abangenazo iimpawu, oogqirha bacebisa utyando ukuze kuthintelwe iingxaki zexesha elizayo. Utyando luyimfuneko ngokukodwa kwabo baneemeko ezinzima, ezifana ne-left atrial appendage (LAPA).
Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iintlobo, umzekelo iingxaki ezincinci kwi-atrium yasekunene, zisenokungafuni utyando ngaphandle kokuba kukho iimpawu.
Ukuba utyando alunakwenzeka, ugqirha wakho angaxelela umntwana wakho ukuba anciphise umthambo aze anike amayeza, anjenge-beta-blockers, ukunciphisa umthwalo womsebenzi entliziyweni.
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziphambili zotyando ezisetyenziswayo:
- Ukubuyisela umthambo kwindawo yawo efanelekileyo nokuwudibanisa kwakhona.
- Ukuvulwa kophahla lwemithambo yegazi.
- Ukudluliselwa komthambo wepulmonary.
- Ukufakelwa kwemithambo ye-coronary bypass.
Kuza kwenzeka ntoni emva kotyando nasemva kwalo?
Emva kotyando, umntwana kuya kufuneka ahlale esibhedlele iintsuku ezimbalwa. Banokucelwa ukuba bathathe amayeza anjenge-aspirin kangangeenyanga ezintathu. Badla ngokuvunyelwa ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kwezemidlalo kwakhona emva kweenyanga ezintathu.
Ekubeni esi sisifo sokuzalwa, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba umntu ahlolwe rhoqo ngugqirha ubomi bakhe bonke, nokuba utyando lwenziwe.
Ithemba lomntu ophila nale meko lihlala lilungile. Ingakumbi kwimeko enzima efana ne-ALCAPA, enethuba elingama-90% lokufa ukuba ayinyangwa, inokuphiliswa ngokupheleleyo ukuba ifunyenwe kwangethuba kwaye inyangwe ngokufanelekileyo . Utyando lunokunciphisa iimpawu kwaye luthintele ukufa ngequbuliso.
Ndifanele ndibonane nogqirha nini?
Kufuneka ulumke kakhulu ngezi mpawu.
Ukuba umntwana wakho unezi mpawu zilandelayo:
- Ukuba uhlala ulila ngaphandle kwesizathu.
- Ukuba ulusu lubonakala lumhlophe.
- Ukuba uziva ngathi uphefumla ngokukhawuleza kakhulu.
Ukuba unale mpawu, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza.
Ukuba umntu omdala:
Ukuba uneentlungu esifubeni kwaye kunzima ukuphefumla , yiya kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele ngoko nangoko. Oku kungaba luphawu lokuhlaselwa yintliziyo, ngoko ungalibazisi.
Kukho iimvakalelo ezininzi ezifika engqondweni xa ufumanisa ukuba umntwana wakho unengxaki yentliziyo. Kodwa eyona nto ilungileyo kukuba le meko ye-Anomalous Coronary Artery ayisoloko iyingozi. Thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha womntwana wakho malunga nemeko yomntwana wakho. Uza kukunika iingcebiso ozifunayo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuthumela umntwana wakho ukuba aye kuhlolwa rhoqo njengoko ugqirha wakho ecebisa.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Anomalous Coronary Artery yimeko yokuzalwa. Ayisiyonto ebangelwa yimpazamo yabazali.
- Abantu abaninzi abanale meko baphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo ngaphandle kweempawu.
- Ungaze uzityeshele iimpawu ezifana neentlungu zesifuba okanye ukuphefumla kancinci, ingakumbi xa uzilolonga. Bonana nogqirha ngoko nangoko.
- Ukuba umntwana ukhala rhoqo okanye unengxaki yokuphefumla xa encancisa, xhalaba.
- Ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nonyango (rhoqo ngotyando) kuyaphumelela kakhulu. Ngoko ke akukho mfuneko yokoyika.
- Landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngononophelo, ingakumbi malunga nemiqathango yokuzilolonga kunye nokuhlolwa rhoqo.
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