Ngaba indlela otya ngayo idlule umda? Masiqaphele i-Anorexia Nervosa!

Ngaba wakha wambona umntu ecinga ngokutya ngokungakhathaliyo, ezama ukunciphisa umzimba ngokungakhathaliyo? Mhlawumbi nguwe. Kuqhelekile ukukhathazeka ngesimo somzimba wakho kunye nobunzima bakho. Kodwa ukuba oku kuxhalaba nokulawula ukutya kwakho kudlula kwinqanaba eliqhelekileyo, kunokukhokelela kwimeko yengqondo nempilo ebizwa ngokuba yi -Anorexia Nervosa . Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngokuba yintoni i-anorexia nervosa, indlela esichaphazela ngayo, kunye nendlela yokufumana uncedo.

Yintoni i-Anorexia Nervosa? Masiyiqonde ngokulula!

Ngamafutshane, i-Anorexia Nervosa sisifo sengqondo esinxulumene nokutya. Umntu onesi sifo unciphisa kakhulu ukutya iikhalori zakhe. Oko kukuthi, batya kancinci kakhulu, ngamanye amaxesha bengatyanga. Injongo ephambili yaba bantu kukugcina ubunzima bomzimba wabo buphantsi kangangoko. Ngenxa yoko, banengxaki yokungondleki kakuhle. Nangona kungengabo rhoqo, i-BMI yabo (Body Mass Index) , elixabiso elibonisa ubunzima bokuphakama, lidla ngokuba liphantsi kakhulu.

Ngokwezonyango, igama elithi "anorexia" lithetha ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya okanye ukungafuni ukutya. Nangona kunjalo, xa wongeza igama elithi "nervosa" kulo, liba yimeko yengqondo. Oko kukuthi, linxulumene nenkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo - ingqondo yakho, imithambo-luvo yakho, iingcinga zakho. Libangelwa ziingcinga neemvakalelo ezimbi malunga nokutya, ubunzima bomzimba, kunye nomfanekiso womzimba wakho.

Kuqhelekile ukucinga ngezi zinto nokuzama ukuzilawula. Kodwa kumntu one-anorexia nervosa, akukho ndlela yokuphuma kwezi ngcinga. Ziyazilawula kwaye zimqhubele ekuziphatheni okugqithisileyo. Oku kunokuchaphazela kakhulu impilo yengqondo neyomzimba. Ukuba akuqatshelwa kwaye kunyangwa ngokufanelekileyo, kunokuba yingozi ebomini.

Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili ze-Anorexia Nervosa?

I-Anorexia nervosa inokwahlulwa ibe ziintlobo ezimbini eziphambili, kuxhomekeke kwindlela ephathwa ngayo malunga nokutya:

• I-Anorexia Ethintela Umzimba: Olu hlobo lubandakanya ukunciphisa kakhulu ukutya iikhalori, oko kuthetha ukutya kancinci kakhulu.
• I-anorexia yokukhupha ukutya okuninzi kakhulu: Oku kuquka ukunciphisa iikhalori, kodwa kwangaxeshanye, njenge- bulimia nervosa , ukutya ukutya okuninzi ngaxeshanye (ukutya kakhulu) uze ukukhuphe. Oku kukhupha ukutya kunokwenziwa ngokuhlanza, ukusebenzisa amayeza okuhambisa isisu, okanye ukuzilolonga kakhulu.

Olunye uhlobo olukhethekileyo yi -anorexia engaqhelekanga . Kule meko, umntu uneempawu ze-anorexia kodwa akakabi (okwangoku) ubunzima obuphantsi. Oku kwenza kube nzima kancinci ukuxilonga.

Zithini iimpawu ze-Anorexia Nervosa? Uyibona njani?

Iimpawu ze-anorexia nervosa zinokuba zezomzimba, zokuziphatha, okanye zengqondo. Ezinye zezi ziquka:

• Ukwehla kobunzima obubonakalayo kwiiveki okanye kwiinyanga ezimbalwa.
• Ukuba nobunzima obungaphantsi kobunzima xa kuthelekiswa nobude (ngesiqhelo i-BMI ingaphantsi kwe-18.5 ).
• Njengoko umntwana ekhula, utshintsho olungachazwanga kubude/ubunzima luyenzeka.
• Ukugxila kakhulu kwiintlobo zokutya, ubungakanani, kunye/okanye ukubalwa kweekhalori.
• Iingcinga ezihlala zigxeka kunye nezimvo malunga nobunzima bomzimba kunye nomfanekiso.
• Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwezinto ezithintela ukutya, izithomalalisi, okanye izithambisi zokukhupha umchamo.
• Ukuzilolonga ixesha elide, ingakumbi emva kokutya, ngokungathi kunyanzeliswa .
• Ukuya kwindlu yangasese rhoqo emva kokutya.

Khawucinge nje, unomhlobo owayedla ngokutya kakuhle. Kodwa ngoku, kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo, ubhityile kakhulu. Uyacaphuka kakhulu xa ethetha ngokutya, esithi izinto ezinje, "Oku kuneekhalori ezininzi, okunamafutha amaninzi." Ukhawuleza agijime aye kwigumbi lokuhlambela emva kokutya. Ukuba ubona into efana nale, kufuneka ucinge ukuba inokuba yi-anorexia.

Njengoko isifo siqhubeka, iimpawu zokungondleki kakuhle zinokubonakala. Umzekelo:

• Ukuphazamiseka kwentliziyo (`Arrhythmias`).
• Ukuba nesiyezi, ukuziva unesizungu, okanye ukuphelelwa ngamandla.
• Ukudinwa kakhulu kunye nobuthathaka bomzimba.
• Ndihlala ndiziva ndibanda.
• Ukukhawuleza ukucaphuka.
• Ukulahleka kweenwele.
• Kwabasetyhini, ukuya exesheni kuya kuba yinto engacwangciswanga okanye kuphele ngokupheleleyo.
• Ukudumba kwamalungu omzimba.

Zithini izizathu ze-Anorexia Nervosa?

Akukho sizathu sinye se-anorexia nervosa. Ingachatshazelwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo zebhayoloji, zengqondo, kunye nezentlalo.

• Utshintsho lobuchopho: Izazinzulu zifumanise ukuba abantu abane-anorexia banotshintsho kwisakhiwo kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo yabo. Umzekelo, banotshintsho kumanqanaba abo ee -neurotransmitters ezifana ne -serotonin kunye ne-dopamine . Ezi neurotransmitters ziikhemikhali ezichaphazela izinto ezifana nokutya kwethu, imood, ulawulo lweemvakalelo, kunye "nenkqubo yomvuzo" yengqondo.
• Izakhi zofuzo nosapho: Ukuba ilungu losapho olusondeleyo (umama, utata, abantakwenu noodadewabo) linengxaki yokutya, unokuba nethuba elikhulu lokuba nayo. Oku kunokuchatshazelwa zizakhi zofuzo ozizuza kubazali bakho, kunye nemilinganiselo kunye nemikhwa oyifundayo njengoko ukhula kusapho lwakho.
• Ifuthe labangani:Iimpembelelo zentlalo nezomsebenzi zinamandla kakhulu, ingakumbi ukuba imeko yakho yentlalo okanye yobungcali ixhomekeke kuhlobo lomzimba wakho. Imisebenzi yabadlali, abadanisi, iimodeli, kunye nabadlali bonke inxulumene noku. Ulutsha lunokubagxeka kakhulu bona kunye nabanye. Uxinzelelo olungekho ngqiqweni kwimidiya yoluntu malunga nento ethathwa "njengobuhle" isenokuba sesinye sezizathu zoku.
• Izizathu zengqondo: Ukungazithembi, okanye ukukholelwa ukuba ixabiso lomntu lixhomekeke kubuchule bakhe bokulawula ubunzima bakhe, kunokubangela ingxaki yokutya. Ngamanye amaxesha, ezi mvakalelo zibangelwa ziziganeko ezibuhlungu zangaphambili okanye iimeko zengqondo ezifana nokuxhalaba kunye nokudakumba.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ze-Anorexia Nervosa?

Ukungondleki kakuhle nokuzila ukutya kunokuchaphazela phantse zonke izitho zomzimba wakho. Umonakalo omkhulu welungu usenokungalungiseki, nokuba sele uphilile kwi-anorexia. I-Anorexia inokuba nefuthe elibi kubudlelwane bakho nakwimpilo yakho yengqondo neyeemvakalelo. Nokuba sele unyangiwe, ezi ziphumo zingathatha ixesha ukuba ziphile.

Ukuba ayinyangwa, i-anorexia inokukhokelela kwiimeko ezifana nezi:

• Ukuncipha kobunzima bamathambo ( i-osteoporosis ) kunye nokuguguleka kwe-enamel yamazinyo.
• Ukuqhekeka ngokukhawuleza kwemisipha yamathambo ( i-rhabdomyolysis ).
• Ukonakala kwezintso nesibindi.
• Ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo okanye ukuvaleka kwentliziyo.
• Ukufikisa okulibazisekileyo kunye nokukhula kwabantwana.
• Ukungazali kubantu abadala.
• Ukuwohloka kwempilo yengqondo, ukuzenzakalisa kunye neengcinga zokuzibulala.

Kubalulekile: Ukuba ucinga ngokuzibulala, nceda ufune uncedo ngokukhawuleza. Ungafowunela imibutho efana neSri Lanka Friends (0112692909). Awuwedwa.

Ifunyanwa njani i-Anorexia Nervosa?

Oogqirha baxilonga i-anorexia nervosa ngokweekhrayitheriya ezikwisikhokelo esisemthethweni sokuxilonga izifo zengqondo , i-DSM-5 (iNcwadi yokuHlola kunye neNkcukacha-manani yeengxaki zengqondo, uhlelo lwesi-5) . Ezi khrayitheriya zintathu zezi:

1. Iikhalori ezizithintelayo, nto leyo ebangela ukwehla okukhulu kobunzima okanye ukungaphumeleli ukutyeba kubantwana abasakhulayo. Ngokwesiqhelo, ukuba nobunzima bomzimba obuphantsi ngokweminyaka, isini, ubude, kunye nenqanaba lokukhula.

2. Ukuzixakekisa ngokungaqhelekanga ngobunzima bomzimba kunye noloyiko olukhulu lokutyeba okanye ukuba "mkhulu".

3. Ukuba nembono egqwethekileyo ngenkangeleko yakho okanye ukungakwazi ukwamkela ubunzulu bemeko yakho.

Ukuba uneempawu ze-anorexia, ugqirha uza kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba aze athathe imbali yakho epheleleyo yezonyango, kuquka nembali yakho yempilo yengqondo. Emva koko, baza kukubuza imibuzo eneenkcukacha malunga nendlela otya ngayo, iindlela zokuzilolonga, amayeza okunciphisa umzimba, kunye neemvakalelo kunye neenkolelo ezinxulumene noko.

Ugqirha wakho unokuyalela iimvavanyo ezithile ukuze kuvavanywe imiphumo ye-anorexia emzimbeni wakho. Ezi zingabandakanya:

• Uvavanyo loxinano lwamathambo
• Ubalo lwegazi olupheleleyo
• I-Electrocardiogram ( EKG )
• Uvavanyo lwephaneli ye-Electrolyte
• Uvavanyo lokusebenza kwezintso
• Uvavanyo lokusebenza kwesibindi
• Uvavanyo lwegazi le-thyroid
• Uhlalutyo lomchamo

Inyangwa njani i-Anorexia Nervosa?

Unyango lwe-anorexia nervosa lwenziwa ngumntu ngamnye. Oko kukuthi, unyango lwenzelwe umntu ngamnye. Iinjongo eziphambili zonyango zezi:

• Ukubuyisela imeko yesondlo esifanelekileyo.
• Ukuzinzisa ukunciphisa umzimba.
• Ukuphelisa iindlela zokutya ezingaqhelekanga.
• Ukunyanga iingxaki zengqondo ezifihlakeleyo.

Eyona ngxaki inkulu ekunyangeni umntu one-anorexia kukubanceda baqonde baze bamkele ukuba banesifo esinzulu. Abantu abaninzi abane-anorexia bayaphika ukuba banesifo sokutya. Bafuna uncedo kuphela xa imeko yabo inzima ngokwaneleyo ukuba ibeke ubomi esichengeni. Yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kangaka ukufumanisa esi sifo kwaye uqale unyango kwangethuba.

Ugqirha wakho uza kudala isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo kuwe. Singabandakanya:

• Unyango lwesondlo
• Unyango lwengqondo
• Amayeza
• Ukulaliswa esibhedlele

Ukulaliswa esibhedlele kunokufuneka ukuze kunyangwe ukungondleki kakuhle okanye ezinye iingxaki zempilo ezinzulu. Iingxaki zempilo yengqondo ezinzulu nazo zinokufuna ukulaliswa esibhedlele. Amayeza ngamanye amaxesha adlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunyangeni ezi ngxaki. Nangona kunjalo, unyango lwexesha elide lwe-anorexia nervosa lunyango lwengqondo.

Yintoni unyango lwengqondo?

Unyango lwengqondo, okanye unyango lokuthetha, lunokukunceda utshintshe iingcinga kunye nokuziphatha okunxulumene neengxaki zokutya. Lunokukunceda uphuhlise isimo sengqondo esinempilo malunga nokutya, ubunzima, kunye nomfanekiso womzimba. Lunokukunceda ufunde iindlela kunye neendlela ezingcono zokujongana noxinzelelo kunye neengcinga ezimbi.

Abanye abantu abane-anorexia banokuba nezinye iingxaki zempilo yengqondo ezibangela ingxaki yokutya kwabo ('iimeko zempilo yengqondo ezihlala zikhona'). Kubalulekile ukunyanga ezi meko kunye ne-anorexia. Kodwa nokuba awunaso esinye isifo, i-anorexia iseyingxaki yempilo yengqondo. Unyango kufuneka lujongane nonobangela oyintloko engqondweni yakho.

Kukho iindlela ezininzi ze-psychotherapy, umzekelo:

• Unyango lokwamkela nokuzibophelela (ACT): Le ndlela igxile ekuphuhliseni inkuthazo yokutshintsha indlela oziphethe ngayo, nokuba iingcinga neemvakalelo zakho zinjani.
• Unyango lokuziphatha kwengqondo (CBT): Le ndlela inceda ekusombululeni iingcinga ezigqwethekileyo kunye neembono malunga nobunzima, imilo, kunye nenkangeleko, kunye nokudala utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha.
• Unyango lokulungisa ingqondo (i-CRT): Oku kubandakanya ukuzilolonga kunye nemisebenzi enceda ukuphucula ukusebenza kwengqondo yakho kunye nokusebenza kwayo kunye nokukwazi kwakho ukulawula ubomi bakho.
• Unyango lokuziphatha ngendlela yokuthetha (i-DBT): Izakhono ezithile oza kuzifunda kwi-DBT ziquka ukuphuhlisa ingqondo, ukuphucula ubudlelwane, ukulawula iimvakalelo, kunye nokujongana noxinzelelo.
• Unyango losapho: Inkxaso yosapho ibalulekile kunyango oluphumelelayo lwe-anorexia. Unyango olusekelwe kusapho lwe-anorexia ( iNdlela kaMaudsley ) lubeka uxanduva lwesondlo sakho kusapho lwakho.
• Unyango lwengqondo olusebenzisana nabantu (IPT): I-IPT iphucula ubudlelwane bakho kunye nonxibelelwano, nto leyo enokunciphisa iimpawu zakho zengxaki yokutya.
• I-Psychodynamic psychotherapy: Olu nyango lujonga izizathu ezisisiseko ze-anorexia, luyithatha njengesitshixo sokuchacha kwakho.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho zonyango lwe-anorexia?

Eyona ngxaki inkulu yonyango lwe-anorexia yi -refeeding syndrome . Oku kunokwenzeka xa umntu ongondlekanga kakhulu eqala ukutya kwakhona. Umzimba wakho udinga izondlo ezithile ukuze utye ukutya kwaye uvelise amandla. Xa izitolo zomzimba wakho zezi zondlo ziphelile, umzimba wakho utsala ezo zondlo egazini lakho.

Olu tshintsho lwezakhamzimba ezivela egazini ukuya kwiiseli lunokubangela iingxaki ezahlukeneyo, ngamanye amaxesha zide zibulale. Yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqala ukondla kwakhona phantsi kweliso likagqirha. Oogqirha baya kuqinisekisa ukuba babuyisela ubuncinci bezakhamzimba emzimbeni wakho kuqala baze bakujonge ngononophelo ngexesha lenkqubo yokondla kwakhona.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuchacha kwi-anorexia?

Ukuchacha kwi-anorexia luhambo olwahlukileyo kumntu ngamnye. Ezinye iindawo zesicwangciso sakho sonyango zingathatha ixesha elide kunezinye. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukukhumbula ukuba ukuchacha kunokwenzeka. Nokuba wena okanye umntu omthandayo ukuphi kolu hambo, kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokusebenzela ukuchacha.

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha malunga ne-anorexia?

Ukuba wena okanye umntu omkhathaleleyo ubonisa iimpawu zengxaki yokutya, thetha nogqirha ngokukhawuleza . Kungcono ukufuna uncedo ngokukhawuleza kunokuba kamva. Nokuba wena okanye umntu omthandayo (okwangoku) anihlangabezani neemfuno ze-anorexia nervosa, ukungenelela kwangoko kunokuthintela ukukhula kwembewu yesifo.

Ithini ingqikelelo yomntu one-anorexia?

Imbono yomntu one-anorexia nervosa ixhomekeke kwizinto ezahlukeneyo, kuquka:

• Baphile ixesha elingakanani nale meko?
• Hayi indlela imeko yabo embi ngayo.
• Luhlobo luni lonyango abalufumanayo?
• Indlela abalandela ngayo isicwangciso sabo sonyango.

Okukhona i-anorexia inganyangwa ixesha elide, kokukhona imeko iba mandundu, kwaye iziphumo zempilo yomzimba neyengqondo ezihambisana nayo ziba mandundu. Kunzima ukutshintsha imikhwa yexesha elide. Kwakhona, abantu abane-anorexia badla ngokukhanyela ukuba banengxaki. Basenokungavumi unyango okanye bangakwazi ukuphumeza isicwangciso sabo sonyango ekuhambeni kwexesha.

Ngaphandle konyango, i-anorexia nervosa inokuba yimeko esongela ubomi. Iingxaki zokutya ezifana ne-anorexia ziphakathi kweengxaki zempilo yengqondo ezibulalayo, zombini ngenxa yezizathu zempilo yomzimba neyengqondo. Abantu abane-anorexia banamathuba aphindwe kahlanu okufa ngaphambi kwexesha kwaye amathuba aphindwe kalishumi elinesibhozo okufa ngokuzibulala.

Ngenkxaso kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo, ukuchacha kunokwenzeka. Kodwa kudla ngokuthatha ixesha - kwaye kukho umngcipheko wokubuyela umva. Ukhathalelo lwexesha elide kunye nenkxaso yabantu obathandayo kunokwenza umahluko omkhulu.

Ngaba i-anorexia ingathintelwa?

Asizazi zonke izizathu ze-anorexia, kwaye asinakulawula zonke izinto ezinokubangela oko. Kodwa singenza umahluko ngendlela esikhulisa ngayo abantwana bethu kunye nemizekelo esiyibekayo.

singa:

• Fundisa indlela yokutya okunempilo kunye nesimo sengqondo.
• Nceda abantwana baphuhlise "umfanekiso womzimba ophilileyo".
• Chonga kwaye ulungise ukuxhatshazwa, kwaye uthintele abantwana bethu ekuxhatshazeni abanye.

Kuqhelekile ukuba neentloni, uzive uneentloni, okanye uloyiko lokuba nengxaki yokutya. Kodwa nceda wazi ukuba akukho nto imbi ngokucela uncedo. Ukufuna unyango lwe-anorexia, okanye nayiphi na imeko yempilo yengqondo, kubaluleke njengokufuna unyango lwemeko yomzimba. Kwaye, nokuba akubonakali ngathi kunjalo ngoku, izinto zinokutshintsha.

Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba umntu omaziyo une-anorexia, usenokungazi ukuba ungamnceda njani. Funa isikhokelo kwiingcali zonyango. Banokumamela umntu omthandayo, bamnike izixhobo kunye namaqhinga okuthetha naye. Okukhona befumana ukuxilongwa nonyango ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona bengcono.

Isishwankathelo: Ezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Nangona i-anorexia nervosa yimeko enzima, ungalibali ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba uphile kuyo.

Eyona nto iphambili kukuqonda ukuba awuwedwa kwaye ukufuna uncedo akubobuthathaka.

• Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo uneendlela ezingaqhelekanga zokutya okanye uxhalabele kakhulu ubunzima bomzimba, funa ingcebiso kagqirha.
• Ukufunyanwa kwangoko kunye nonyango kwandisa amathuba okuchacha.
• Unyango luhambo, luthatha ixesha nomonde. Inkxaso yosapho nabahlobo ixabiseke kakhulu.
• Zama ukugcina indlela yokuphila esempilweni, ukutya okunesondlo, kunye nesimo sengqondo esihle ngomzimba wakho.

Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luza kukunceda. Ukuba unemibuzo engaphezulu malunga noku, nceda ungathandabuzi ukuthetha nogqirha othembekileyo.

I- Anorexia nervosa, i-anorexia, impilo yengqondo, ubunzima bomzimba, iingxaki zokutya, ukutya okunesondlo, unyango