Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba igazi elimpontshwa yintliziyo yakho lihamba njani ukusuka entlokweni ukuya ezinzwaneni zakho? Umthambo wegazi oyintloko, omkhulu emzimbeni wethu, ovula indlela yolu hambo lonke, yi-aorta, okanye njengoko sitsho ngesiNgesi, i-aorta. Ifana nomgaqo omkhulu kwilizwe lethu. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngale ndlela ibalaseleyo.
Yintoni le aorta?
Ngamafutshane, i-aorta yeyona mthambo wegazi mkhulu emzimbeni wethu. Yityhubhu egoba phezulu, njengenduku yokuhamba. Iqala kwigumbi elisezantsi lasekhohlo lentliziyo yakho (i-ventricle yasekhohlo). Ukusuka apho, inyuka kancinci isiya entlokweni yakho, ize igobe kwakhona. Le tyhubhu idlula esifubeni sakho nakwisisu, ize iphele kufutshane ne-pelvis yakho.
Lo mthambo mkhulu uphuma uye kwimithambo yegazi emincinci, njengeendlela ezisecaleni kwendlela enkulu. Kungala masebe apho igazi lihamba khona liye kuyo yonke imisipha, imithambo-luvo, kunye namalungu omzimba wakho.
Ingakanani le nto?
Lo ngowona mthambo wegazi mkhulu emzimbeni wethu. Unobude obungaphezu kweenyawo ezi-1 . Kwaye umalunga ne-intshi ububanzi kwindawo yawo ebanzi. Njengoko usiya ezantsi, oko kukuthi, usiya ngasesinqeni, uya uncipha ude ube malunga neesentimitha ezimbini ubukhulu.
Yenziwe ngantoni i-aorta?
Le yindlela entsonkothileyo kakhulu. Ineengqimba ezintathu eziphambili zezicubu. Masibone ukuba ziyintoni na.
| Umaleko | Inkcazo kunye nomsebenzi |
|---|---|
| Umaleko ongaphakathi (iTunica Intima) | Le yityhubhu apho igazi lihamba khona. Inezihlunu ezigudileyo, izicubu ezidityanisiweyo, kunye nohlobo oluthile lweseli olubizwa ngokuba zii-endothelial cells. Ezi seli zinoxanduva lokugcina ioksijini kunye nezondlo egazini zihamba ngetyhubhu de zifike apho ziya khona. |
| Umaleko ophakathi (iTunica Media) | Olu layer lwenziwe ziiproteni zemisipha egudileyo, i-elastin, kunye ne-collagen. Ezi zezona zivumela i-aorta ukuba ilungise ukuhamba kwegazi layo ngokweemfuno zomzimba. Iyakhula xa umzimba ufuna igazi elingakumbi. Iyancipha xa ufuna igazi elincinane. |
| Umaleko ongaphandle (iTunica Adventitia) | Yile nto igcina i-aorta izinzile. Ikwaqhagamshela kwimithambo-luvo kunye nezicubu ezikufutshane. |
Umsebenzi oyintloko we-aorta kunye nokubaluleka kwayo
Umsebenzi oyintloko we-aorta kukuthwala igazi elineoksijini eninzi ukusuka entliziyweni ukuya emzimbeni wonke . Ayipheleli apho, izondlo kunye neehomoni nazo zithuthwa ngesi sitsha siphambili. Amasebe aphuma kwi-aorta aqinisekisa ukuba ezi zinto zifikelela kwizitho zangaphakathi nakwezinye izicwili zomzimba.
Khawucinge nje, le aorta yeyona ndawo iphambili yokufumana ioksijini kunye nezondlo ezibalulekileyo kumalungu amaninzi emzimbeni wethu.
Ngoko ke, ukuba ukuhamba kwegazi kulo mthambo kuthintelekile ngenxa yesifo okanye ingozi ethile, ubomi bunokuba semngciphekweni kwimizuzu embalwa . Nazi iimeko ezinzulu ezinokwenzeka ngelo xesha:
- I-Aortic aneurysm
- Ukopha ngaphakathi emzimbeni (i-Hemorrhage)
- Ukuqhaqha kwe-Aortic
- Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso
- Istroke
Ulwakhiwo lwe-aorta kunye namalungu ayo
I-aorta inokwahlulwa ibe ziinxalenye ezininzi. Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi ezo nxalenye.
| Inxalenye | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Ingcambu ye-Aortic | Inxalenye edibana nentliziyo. Le yeyona nxalenye ibanzi ye-aorta. |
| Ivalvu ye-aorta | Le yivalvu eyenziwe ngamaqhekeza amathathu. La maqhekeza ayavuleka aze avale ukuze akhuphe igazi elineoksijini eninzi lisuka entliziyweni liye emzimbeni. |
| Ukunyuka kwe-aorta | Inxalenye ye-aorta egobayo isiya phezulu njengoko iphuma entliziyweni. |
| I-Aortic arch | Inxalenye eyinika imo egobileyo, njengentonga yokuhamba. Njengebhulorho edibanisa iindawo ezimbini ezinyukayo nezihlayo. |
| I-aorta eyehlayo | Inxalenye ende, ethe tye esuka esifubeni (i-thoracic aorta) ukuya esiswini (i-abdominal aorta). |
Ngawaphi amasebe aphuma kwi-aorta?
Imithambo yegazi emininzi emincinci iphuma kwi-aorta.
Amasebe e-aorta enyukayo
- Imithambo yentliziyo: Le yimithambo enika igazi kwimisipha yentliziyo yakho.
Amasebe e-aorta enkulu
- Isiqu seBrachiocephalic: Esi siphinda sahlulwe sibe ngamasebe amabini: umthambo we-subclavian wasekunene, onika igazi engalweni yasekunene, kunye nomthambo we-carotid wasekunene, onika igazi engqondweni, kwicala lasekunene lentamo, nakwicala lasekunene lentloko.
- Umthambo we-subclavian wasekhohlo: Unika igazi engalweni yasekhohlo nangasemva kwengqondo.
- Umthambo we-carotid wasekhohlo: Unika igazi engqondweni nakwicala lasekhohlo lentamo nentloko.
Amasebe e-aorta ehlayo (esifubeni)
- Imithambo yeBronchial: Inika igazi kwiityhubhu zebronchial ezingaphakathi emiphungeni.
- Imithambo ye-Esophageal: Inika igazi kwi-esophagus, ityhubhu edibanisa umphimbo nenxalenye ephezulu yesisu.
Amasebe e-aorta ehlayo (kwinxalenye yesisu)
- Imithambo yegazi engaphantsi: Nika igazi kwi-diaphragm yakho.
- Imithambo yesisu seCeliac: Inika igazi kwizitho zenkqubo yokugaya ukutya, ezifana nesisu, isibindi, ipleen kunye nepancreas.
- Imithambo ye-mesenteric ephezulu nengaphantsi: Nika igazi emathunjini akho.
- Imithambo yezintso: Nika igazi kwizintso zakho.
- Imithambo yeGonadal:Inika igazi kuma-ovari kwabasetyhini kunye namasende kumadoda.
- Imithambo yeLumbar: Inika igazi kwi-vertebrae, umqolo, izihlunu, kunye nolusu olusezantsi komqolo.
- Imithambo ye-Iliac: Inika igazi emilenzeni.
Ziziphi izifo ezichaphazela i-aorta?
Izifo ezahlukeneyo, iziphene zokuzalwa, kunye neengozi zinokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwe-aorta. Makhe sijonge ezinye zezi meko.
Isifo se-aortic valve
- Ukubuyela kwemithambo yegazi emthanjeni: Imeko apho iivalvu ezivalayo zingavaleki kakuhle, nto leyo ebangela ukuba igazi libuyele entliziyweni endaweni yokuphuma liye emzimbeni.
- I-Aortic stenosis: Ivalvu ye-Aortic iba lukhuni kwaye ibe mxinwa, ivale indlela yegazi.
- Isifo se-aortic valve ye-Bicuspid: Nangona kufuneka kubekho ii-cusps ezintathu, kule meko i-valve inee-cusps ezimbini kuphela. Nangona le yimeko yokuzalwa, iimpawu zinokubonakala xa umntu emdala.
Ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi, ukukrazuka kwayo, kunye nokuqhekeka kwayo
- I-Abdominal aortic aneurysm: Indawo ebuthathaka kwinxalenye yodonga lwesisu evuthuluka njengebhaluni.
- Ukuqhekeka kwe-Aorta: Ukukrazuka komgangatho ongaphakathi we-aorta, okubangela ukuba igazi livuza phakathi komgangatho ongaphakathi nophakathi.
- I-aorta eqhekekileyo: Ukukrazuka eludongeni lwe-aorta okwenzeka kuzo zontathu iileya. Oku kuyingozi kakhulu kuba igazi elinomoya-mpilo omninzi liyavuza emzimbeni.
Isifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso
- Ukuhlangana kwe-aorta: Ukuncitshiswa okungaqhelekanga kwe-aorta, okwenza kube nzima ngentliziyo ukupompa igazi emzimbeni.
- I-Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS): Iqela leziphene zokuzalwa ezichaphazela icala lasekhohlo lentliziyo. Kwaba bantwana, i-aorta incinci kakhulu ukuba ingasebenza.
- I-patent ductus arteriosus (PDA): Yindawo evulekileyo phakathi kwe-aorta kunye nomthambo we-pulmonary ongavaleki ngokwawo emva kokuzalwa, ovumela igazi elineoksijini eninzi ukuba lingene emiphungeni.
Ezinye iimeko zonyango
- I-Aortic atherosclerosis: Amafutha agcinwe kwiindonga zangaphakathi ze-aorta.
- I-Aortitis: Ukudumba kweendonga ze-aorta.
- Ukulimala kwe-Aortic: Ukukrazuka okanye ukonakala kwe-aorta ngenxa yengozi enkulu, njengokuwa kwindawo ephakamileyo okanye ukungqubana kwemoto ngesantya esiphezulu.
- I-mural thrombus: Ihlwili legazi elenzeka kumthambo omkhulu wegazi, njengomthambo, othintela ukuhamba kwegazi.
Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa zezi zifo?
Enyanisweni, ezinye izifo eziphambili zemithambo yegazi, ingakumbiIi-Aneurysms kunye nokuqhekeka kwemithambo yegazi zinokuba zizinto ezizuzwa njengelifa. Ezinye izifo zemfuza ezichaphazela izicubu ezinxibelelanayo zinokubangela isifo semithambo emikhulu.
Ukongeza, umngcipheko wakho uyanda ukuba unezi meko zilandelayo:
- Ukukhula kweminyaka: Umngcipheko uyanda ngokuhamba kweminyaka.
- Izifo ezingapheliyo ezonakalisa imithambo yegazi:
- Isifo semiphunga esingapheliyo (i-COPD)
- Isifo seswekile
- Igazi elonyukayo
- I-cholesterol ephezulu
- Ukurhona (i-sleep apnea)
- Iimpembelelo zendlela yokuphila:
- Ukutshaya okanye ukusebenzisa ezinye iimveliso zecuba
- Ukusela kakhulu
- Uxinzelelo
- Ukuba licala lamadoda.
Simele senze ntoni ukuze sihlale sikhuselekile kwezi zifo?
Iziphene zokuzalwa, izifo zofuzo, kunye neengozi kunzima ukuzithintela. Kodwa zininzi izinto esinokuzenza ukuze sizikhusele kwezinye iintlobo zesifo semithambo yentliziyo.
- Landela indlela yokuphila enempilo. Ukutya ukutya okunesondlo kunye nokusebenza ngokomzimba kubaluleke kakhulu.
- Ukuba unesifo esinganyangekiyo esifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, i-cholesterol ephezulu, okanye isifo seswekile, landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngqo . Sela amayeza akho njengoko uyalelwe.
- Nciphisa okanye uyeke ngokupheleleyo ukusela utywala .
- Fumana iindlela zokulawula uxinezeleko .
- Yeka ukutshaya nokusebenzisa ezinye iimveliso zecuba ngokupheleleyo.
Ukuba usengozini yokuba nesifo semithambo yegazi okanye ukuba ugqirha wakho ufumanise ingxaki encinci, ukuvavanywa rhoqo kwezonyango kunye nokubekwa esweni kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ngenxa yoku, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa iimvavanyo ezifana ne-'CT scan', 'MRI' okanye 'Angiography'. Ngokusekelwe kulwazi olufunyenwe kwezi zinto, amathuba okuba ingxaki ivele anokuvavanywa kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, unyango lunokunikwa kwangaphambili ukuze kuthintelwe loo nto.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-aorta yeyona mthambo wegazi uphambili nomkhulu emzimbeni wethu. Yindlela ephambili ethwala ioksijini kunye nezondlo emzimbeni wonke.
- Iingxaki ngale nto, ezifana ne-aneurysm okanye ukuqhekeka kwamalungu omzimba, zinokuba yingozi kakhulu kwaye zibeke ubomi esichengeni.
- Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, i-cholesterol ephezulu, isifo seswekile, ingakumbi ukutshaya kuyandisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokuba nesifo semithambo yegazi.
- Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzikhusela kwezi zifo kukuphila ubomi obusempilweni nokulawula kakuhle izifo zakho ezingapheliyo.
- Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onale zifo, okanye ukuba unezinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho ngazo.
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