Ngaba amehlo omntwana wakho mancinci? Okanye akakabonakali? (I-Microphthalmia kunye ne-Anophthalmia) Makhe sithethe ngayo.

Usenokuba uqaphele ukuba ezinye iintsana zizalwa zinesimo esithile esingaqhelekanga emehlweni. Ngamanye amaxesha iliso elinye okanye omabini mancinci kuneliqhelekileyo, okanye kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga, amehlo asenokungabekwa kakuhle. Kuqhelekile ukuba umzali azive exhalabile kakhulu xa ebona ezi meko. Ngoko ke namhlanje siza kuthetha ngezi meko zibizwa ngokuba yi-`(Microphthalmia)` kunye ne-`(Anophthalmia)`.

Zithini `(Microphthalmia)` kunye `(Anophthalmia)`?

Ngamafutshane, zombini ezi meko zizalwa nazo (zikho ekuzalweni). Oku kuthetha ukuba zenzeka ngenxa yengxaki ekukhuleni kwamehlo ngelixa umntwana esesesibelekweni. Abanye abantu babiza ezi "ziphene zokuzalwa kwamehlo."

I-Microphthalmia: Oku kwenzeka xa elinye okanye omabini amehlo omntwana engakhuli kakuhle, nto leyo eyenza abe mancinci kunesiqhelo. Iindawo ezingaphakathi kweliso nazo zisenokungami kakuhle ngenxa yokukhula okungafanelekanga.

• Ukuba ichaphazela omabini amacala (`Bilateral microphthalmia`): Oku kuthetha ukuba le meko ichaphazela omabini amehlo.
• Ukuba ichaphazela icala elinye kuphela (`Unilateral microphthalmia`): Oku kuthetha ukuba le meko ichaphazela iliso elinye kuphela.

Abanye abantu babiza oku ngokuthi "yi-small eye syndrome".

`(I-Anophthalmia)`: Oku kwenzeka xa elinye okanye omabini amehlo omntwana engaphuhli kwaphela . Oku kuthetha ukuba amehlo awakhekanga.

• Ukuba ichaphazela amacala omabini (`Bilateral anophthalmia`): Omabini amehlo akakho endaweni yawo.
• Ukuba ichaphazela icala elinye kuphela (`Unilateral anophthalmia`): Iliso elinye alikho endaweni yalo.

Zixhaphake kangakanani ezi meko?

Ezi ziimeko ezingaqhelekanga ngokwenene. Ngokweengxelo ezithile, nakwilizwe elifana neMelika, ezi meko (i-Anophthalmia kunye ne-Microphthalmia) zenzeka malunga nesinye kwiintsana ezingama-5,200 ezizalwa minyaka le. Ezinye iingxelo zide zithi sinye kwi-10,000. Oko kuthetha ukuba, ayinguye wonke umntwana okhula ngale ndlela.

Zithini iimpawu zezi meko?

Xa ugqirha ehlola umntwana kakuhle emva kokuzalwa, ingakumbi xa ehlola amehlo, unokwazi ukubona ukuba le meko ikhona okanye ayikho.

Eyona nto iphambili kukuncipha kokubona okanye ukulahleka ngokupheleleyo kokubona . Kunye nezi meko zamehlo, izifo zamehlo ezongezelelweyo kunye nezinye iingxaki zempilo nazo zinokwenzeka.

Ezinye iingxaki zamehlo ezinokubakho ziquka:

• IiCataracts: Kule meko, kuvela amafu kwilensi ngaphakathi kweliso, nto leyo ebangela ukubona okufipheleyo kunye nokulahleka kokubona imibala.
• I-Coloboma: Oku kukulahlekelwa sisicwili ngaphakathi kweliso. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oku kwenzeka kwi-iris, indawo enombala yeliso. Umntu one-coloboma unokuba nombono ongaqhelekanga ngenxa yokuba kukho ukusikeka kwi-iris.
• I-Microcornea: Le yimeko apho i-cornea, inxalenye ecacileyo yangaphambili yeliso, incinci kakhulu. Ukuba unayo le nto, i-cornea yakho ayizukufikelela kwi-10 milimitha ububanzi, nokuba ungumntu omdala.
• I-retina ehlukanisiweyo: Le yimeko embi kakhulu enokubangela ubumfama. I-retina, umaleko wezicubu ezingasemva kweliso ezisinceda sibone, yahlukana nezicubu ezixhasayo. I-retina yiyo ethumela imiyalezo engqondweni malunga noko sikubonayo.
• Ijwabu eligobileyo (`Ptosis` okanye `Pseudoptosis`): `(Ptosis)` kuxa ijwabu ligobile. Linxulumene nezihlunu kunye nemithambo-luvo. `(Pseudoptosis)` inokufana ne `(Ptosis)`, kuba ijwabu nalo liyagobile. Nangona kunjalo, akubangelwa yimithambo-luvo okanye izihlunu, kodwa yibhola yeliso engakhuli kakuhle.

Zithini izizathu ze-`(Microphthalmia)` kunye ne-`(Anophthalmia)`?

Abaphandi abakayazi kakuhle into ebangela ezi meko. Abanye abantwana bazalwa benezi meko ngenxa yotshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo. Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba utshintsho kwizakhi zofuzo kunye neekhromosomu, kunye neemeko zendalo, zinokubangela ezi meko, ezikhoyo ekuzalweni.

Kukho ezinye izinto ezininzi ezinokuchaphazela ezi meko zamehlo:

• Ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza athile ngexesha lokukhulelwa: Umzekelo, i-Isotretinoin (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-Accutane®) ye-acne, okanye i-Thalidomide yomhlaza kunye nezifo ezithile zesikhumba.
• Ukuvezwa kwi-X-ray okanye eminye imisebe ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
• Ukuchatshazelwa ziikhemikhali ngexesha lokukhulelwa: Umzekelo, amayeza athile kunye nezibulali-zinambuzane.
• Ukuchatshazelwa zizifo ezithile ngexesha lokukhulelwa: Umzekelo, izifo ezifana ne-German measles (`Rubella`) kunye ne-`(Toxoplasmosis)`.
• Ukunqongophala kwevithamini A kumama.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba nangona ezi zizathu zikhona, ayinguye wonke umntu oza kuhlangabezana nezi meko. Kwakhona, ezi meko zinokwenzeka ngaphandle kwale zizathu.

Oogqirha bazixilonga njani ezi meko?

Kwimeko yosana olusandul’ ukuzalwa, ugqirha unokuzichonga ezi meko ngokuzihlola. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iindlela zokuzichonga ezi meko ngexesha lokukhulelwa .

Uvavanyo olunokufumanisa ezi meko ngaphambi kokuba umntwana azalwe zezi:

• I-Ultrasound: Oku kusebenzisa amaza esandi asebenza rhoqo ukwenza imifanekiso. Nangona kunjalo, i-ultrasound eyenziwa ngelixa umntwana esesesibelekweni isenokungasoloko iyifumanisa imeko.
• I-MRI yosana olungekazalwa:`(MRI)` imele `Magnetic Resonance Imaging`. Olu luvavanyo olukhethekileyo lokufota. Lunokuba luncedo ekuchongeni iingxaki ezinokubakho kunye neengxaki ezinokuvela ngexesha lokuzalwa komntwana.
• Uvavanyo lwemfuza: Umzekelo, uvavanyo olufana novavanyo lovavanyo lwe-Quad marker. I-Quad screen luvavanyo lwegazi olwenziwa phakathi kweeveki ezili-15 nezingama-20 zokukhulelwa. Oku kunokubonelela ngolwazi oluthile malunga neemeko zemfuza zomntwana.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ze-`(Microphthalmia)` kunye ne-`(Anophthalmia)`?

Ngelishwa, isayensi yezonyango okwangoku ayinandlela yokunika abantwana abazelwe benezi meko iliso elitsha. Nangona kunjalo, kukho unyango olunokubanceda baphile nezi meko.

• Izinto ezihambelanayo: Ezi zizixhobo ezifakwa kwisokisi yeliso. Zinceda isokisi yeliso kunye namalungu obuso akhule ngendlela eqhelekileyo. Njengoko ubuso bomntwana bukhula, ezi zixhobo kuya kufuneka zibe nkulu.
• Amehlo okufakelwa: La ngamehlo okwenziwa afakwa kwiindawo ezingenanto. La mehlo akwanceda ekukhuleni kwamehlo nasekukhuleni kobuso. Akwanceda nakwiingxaki zenkangeleko.
• Utyando: Utyando lunokufuneka ukuze kunyangwe izifo ezifana ne-cataracts, i-coloboma, okanye ukuze kulingane ii-conformers ngokufanelekileyo.
• Iinkonzo ezinceda umntwana nosapho ukuba bajongane nokulahlekelwa kukubona okanye ubumfama: Ezi ziquka ootitshala abafundisa abantwana abanengxaki yokubona, iingcali zonyango ezingaboni kakuhle, kunye neengcali ezingaboni kakuhle. Ezi nkonzo zokungenelela kwangethuba zinceda umntwana afunde ukuhamba, ukuthetha, kunye nokusebenzisana nabanye. Zikwanceda usapho ukuba lusebenzisane ukuphucula ubomi bomntwana.
• Iiglasi okanye iiContacts: Ngamanye amaxesha, iliso elineMicrophthalmia linokuba nombono othile. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, iilensi zokulungisa zinokufuneka ukunyanga iimeko ezifana ne-Amblyopia (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-lazy eye). Ukuba unombono kwiliso elinye kuphela, kubalulekile ukunxiba iiglasi zokukhusela . Ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni zeziphi iindawo zeliso ezichaphazeleka yiMicrophthalmia, unokukwazi ukubona ngokucacileyo ngeelensi zokulungisa.

Ndingayinciphisa njani le ngozi?

Akukho ndlela yokuphelisa ngokupheleleyo umngcipheko we-microphthalmia kunye ne-anophthalmia. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto onokuzenza ukuze ukukhulelwa kwakho kukhuseleke ngakumbi :

• Bona ugqirha ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe: Sebenzani kunye ukuze nihlale nisempilweni kangangoko ninako ngaphambi kokuba nikhulelwe nangexesha lokukhulelwa kwenu. Ngeli xesha le ncoko, ningaxoxa nangoluphi ugonyo ekufuneka nilugqibe ngaphambi kokuba nikhulelwe.
• Qala kwaye uqhubeke nonyango lwangaphambi kokukhulelwa kwangethuba nangendlela efanelekileyo: Ungaphoswa ziintlanganiso zikagqirha wakho, nokuba uzive uphilile.
• Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga namayeza kunye nezinye iimveliso ozisebenzisayo: Qinisekisa ukuba zikhuselekile ekukhulelweni okunempilo. Oku kuquka nawaphi na amayeza ugqirha wakho akunike wona, kunye nazo naziphi na iivithamini okanye izongezo ozisebenzisayo. Ukuba uthatha i-Isotretinoin okanye iThalidomide, qiniseka ukuba uxelele ugqirha wakho .
• Emva kokuxoxa ngembali yakho yezonyango kunye nembali yezonyango yosapho lwakho, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa uvavanyo lwemfuza ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe.
• Zigcine kude neekhemikhali eziyingozi.

Ukuba ndine `(Microphthalmia)` okanye `(Anophthalmia)`, yintoni endimele ndiyilindele?

Akukho nyango lupheleleyo lwezi meko `(Microphthalmia)` kunye `(Anophthalmia). Into ebalulekileyo yindlela yokulawula nokuphila nezi meko kunye nezinye iingxaki ezinokuvela nazo.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha wam?

Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho une-`(Microphthalmia)` okanye `(Anophthalmia)` kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna uncedo lweqela lezonyango eliyingcali . Ukongeza kugqirha wezingane okanye ugqirha wezifo zangaphakathi, umntu onezi meko uya kufuna iinkonzo ezilandelayo:

• Ingcali yamehlo: Ugqirha oxilonga aze anyange izifo zamehlo kunye neengxaki zokubona.
• Ingcali yeliso: Umntu onokwenza aze afake izixhobo ezifana namehlo okwenziwa kunye nee-conformers.
• Ugqirha we-Oculoplastic: Ugqirha ofumene uqeqesho olukhethekileyo emehlweni, kwiindlela ezijikeleza amehlo, namathambo awenzayo.

Kungumbono olungileyo ukuzifaka zonke ezi zinto kwiqela lakho lezonyango (okanye lomntwana wakho), kunye neengcali ezinokunceda ngezinye iimfuno.

Ziziphi ezinye iimeko ezinokunxulunyaniswa ne-`(Microphthalmia)` kunye ne-`(Anophthalmia)`?

I-Microphthalmia kunye ne-anophthalmia zinokwenzeka kunye nezinye iimeko zempilo ezikhoyo ekuzalweni. Umzekelo, ukukhubazeka kwamalungu omzimba (njengokungakwazi ukuzala), ukukhubazeka kobuso nomlomo (njengokuqhekeka komlomo kunye nencasa), kunye nemingeni yengqondo.

Kwakhona, iimeko ezibizwa ngokuba yi-`(Anophthalmia)` kunye ne-`(Microphthalmia)` zinokwenzeka njengenxalenye yeempawu ezithile zokuzalwa. Eminye imizekelo yile:

• `(Isifo se-Aicardi)`:Esi sisifo esingaqhelekanga. Sinokubangela ukulahleka kwamalungu athile omzimba ekuzalweni. Abantu abanale meko banokuba neengxaki zempilo ubomi babo bonke ezifana nokuxhuzula kunye nokulibaziseka kokukhula.
• I-CHARGE syndrome: Esi sisifo esingaqhelekanga. Sichaphazela amalungu amaninzi omzimba, kuquka amehlo nentliziyo.
• I-SOX2 anophthalmia syndrome: Ukongeza ekubeni namehlo angekhoyo okanye ukuba namehlo amancinci, abantu abanale syndrome banokuba nokuxhuzula kunye neengxaki zobuchopho.
• I-Lenz microphthalmia syndrome: Ukongeza kwamehlo amancinci, abantu abanale syndrome banokufumana iintshukumo zamehlo ezingalawulekiyo, iingxaki zokufunda, kunye neengxaki kwinkqubo yamathambo kunye nenkqubo yomchamo.

Xa ukhulelwe, ungaziva uxhalabile kakhulu xa ufumanisa ukuba umntwana wakho usenokuba ne-`(Microphthalmia)` okanye `(Anophthalmia)`. Oku kuqhelekile. Ukuthetha neqela lakho lezonyango kunokukunceda uphuhlise amaqhinga okunceda ukulawula ezi meko. Kukho "iinkonzo zokungenelela kwangethuba"` ukunceda umntwana wakho afunde, kwaye kukho "namaqela enkxaso"` ukunceda usapho lwakho kunye nomntwana wakho baphumelele.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, masishwankathele ezinye zezinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule koko sithethe ngako:

• I-Microphthalmia kuxa iliso elinye okanye omabini lincinci kuneliqhelekileyo. I-Anophthalmia kuxa iliso elinye okanye omabini engekho. Ezi ziimeko ezikhoyo ekuzalweni .
• Nangona unobangela ochanekileyo woku ungaziwa, izinto ezibangela ufuzo kunye nokusingqongileyo zinokudlala indima.
• Ezi zinokufunyanwa kwangethuba ngovavanyo olufana ne-ultrasound kunye ne-MRI yosana olungekazalwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
• Nangona amehlo amatsha engenakutshintshwa, singabanceda abantu baphile kakuhle kwezi meko ngokusebenzisa "iiConformers", "iiProsthetic eyes", utyando, kunye neenkonzo zenkxaso zeengcali .
• Ukuhlala usempilweni ngexesha lokukhulelwa nokulandela iingcebiso zonyango kunokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wezi meko ngandlela ithile.
• Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho unale meko, musani ukoyika . Ngoncedo lweqela lezonyango elikhethekileyo, uthando losapho, kunye nolawulo olufanelekileyo, umntwana wakho angaphila ubomi obuhle.

Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luza kukunceda. Ukuba unemibuzo engaphezulu, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho.

i- microphthalmia, i-anophthalmia, iimeko zamehlo okuzalwa, amehlo amancinci, amehlo angekhoyo, iziphene zokuzalwa, i-ophthalmology yabantwana