Sonke siyazi ngamathambo emizimbeni yethu, akunjalo? Kodwa ubusazi na ukuba ngaphakathi kwala mathambo aqinileyo, kukho umzi-mveliso omangalisayo obalulekileyo ebomini bethu? Le tissue ithambileyo, njengesiponji, ibizwa ngokuba yi-bone marrow . Ngamafutshane, le yeyona mveliso iphambili yokwenza igazi emizimbeni yethu. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngale bone marrow, ingakumbi uhlobo lwayo , i-red bone marrow, ukuze siqonde yonke into ngendlela elula.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zomongo wethambo.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zomongo wethambo emzimbeni wethu. Zombini zinemisebenzi eyahlukileyo kancinci. Masibone ukuba zeziphi.
| Uhlobo lomongo wethambo | Inkcazo kunye nomsebenzi |
|---|---|
| Umongo weBombo obomvu | Ezi zezona nxalenye ziphambili zefektri yethu yokwenza igazi. Zifumaneka kakhulu ngaphakathi kwamathambo asicaba njengamathambo esinqeni, ukhakhayi, kunye ne-sternum. Iiseli ezikhethekileyo ze-stem ngaphakathi kwezi zezona zenza iiseli zegazi ezibizwa ngokuba ziiseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye neeplatelets. |
| Umongo Wethambo Omthubi | Ezi zifumaneka kakhulu kumathambo amade emilenze. Njengoko igama lisitsho, zinombala otyheli kuba uninzi lwazo zenziwe ngamafutha. La mafutha anika izondlo ezifunekayo kumathambo. Kwakhona, lo mongo wethambo otyheli uneeseli ze-stem. Ezi seli zinokuba ziiseli zamathambo, iiseli ze-cartilage, okanye iiseli zamafutha xa kufuneka. |
Umsebenzi omangalisayo womongo obomvu
Sibiza ii-stem cells ezikumongo obomvu wethambo ngokuthi "ii-Hematopoietic stem cells". Ezi azizo ii-blood cells eziqhelekileyo, kodwa luhlobo lwee-stem cell ezinokwenza zonke ezinye ii-blood cells. Le nkqubo yokwenza ii-blood cells ezintsha ibizwa ngokuba yiHematopoiesis kunyango. Ngale ndlela, kwenziwa iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zee-cells.
1. Iiseli zegazi ezibomvu
Ezi zezona zithwala ioksijini emizimbeni yethu yonke. Iproteni engaphakathi kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi ebizwa ngokuba yi-hemoglobin yiyo ethatha ioksijini emiphungeni ize iyithumele kuzo zonke izicwili zomzimba. Le hemoglobin yiyo enika igazi lethu umbala walo obomvu. Kwakhona zezi seli ezibomvu zegazi ezizisa i-carbon dioxide eveliswa zizicwili kwimiphunga.
2. Iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe
Ezi zingumkhosi wemizimba yethu. Ezi seli zegazi ezimhlophe zisikhusela kwizifo ngokulwa neentsholongwane ezifana neentsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya ezingena emzimbeni. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezi, kwaye uhlobo ngalunye lulwa neentsholongwane ngendlela eyahlukileyo.
Khawucinge nje, ukuba umzimba wethu lilizwe, iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe ziimikhosi eyahlukeneyo yokhuseleko kwelo lizwe, njengomkhosi, umkhosi wamanzi, kunye nomkhosi womoya. Wonke umntu usebenzisana ukukhusela ilizwe (umzimba).
| Uhlobo lweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi | Yintoni omawuyenze ngokulula |
|---|---|
| Iilymphocytes | Ezi zivelisa ii-antibodies kwaye zitshabalalisa iiseli zentsholongwane. |
| Iigranulocytes | Baya kwiindawo apho usulelo lukhona baze balwe neentsholongwane ngokuthe ngqo. |
| Iimonocytes | Ezi ziba 'zii-macrophages' kwaye zigqume iiseli zangaphandle ezingene emzimbeni. |
3. Iiplatelets
Xa unenxeba elincinci uze uqale ukopha, ukopha kuyayeka emva kwexesha elithile, akunjalo? Yiloo nto ezi platelets zinceda ngayo. Kwangoko nje ukuba kubekho inxeba, ezi seli ziyafika kwindawo yazo, zihlangane, zenze ihlwili legazi, kwaye ziyeke ukopha .
Umongo wethambo kunye nempilo yethu
Ngoku mhlawumbi uyaqonda ukuba umongo wamathambo ubaluleke kangakanani kwimpilo yethu. Ngamanye amaxesha, ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo, ukusebenza komongo wethu wamathambo kunokonakala. Emva koko umsebenzi wale fektri yeeseli zegazi uyaphazamiseka. Ezi zezinye zezifo ezinokubakho ngenxa yoku.
- Umhlaza: Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza zinokukhula kumongo wethambo. I-leukemia yenye yezona ntlobo ziphambili zomhlaza. Kule meko, uhlobo lweseli emhlophe yegazi engasebenzi kakuhle luqala ukwahlukana nokwanda ngokungalawulekiyo. Xa ezi seli zingasebenziyo zigcwalisa umzimba, ukuveliswa kweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezisempilweni, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, kunye neeplatelets kuyayeka, kwaye umzimba awukwazi ukulwa nosulelo.
- I-Aplastic Anemia : Le yimeko engaqhelekanga. Oku kwenzeka xa umongo wethambo wonakele kwaye iiseli ze-stem zilahlekile. Oku kubangela ukuba ukuveliswa kweeseli zegazi kuyeke ngokupheleleyo.
- I-anemia: Le yimeko eqhelekileyo kakhulu. Inokwenzeka xa umzimba ungenazo i-iron eyaneleyo, i-vitamin B12 , okanye i-folate . Ezi zondlo zibalulekile kumongo wethambo ukuze wenze iiseli ezibomvu zegazi kunye ne-hemoglobin. Kumntu one-anemia,
- Ndisoloko ndiziva ndidiniwe
- Ndiziva ndingenabomi.
- Ndinengxaki yokuphefumla nangona ndizibhokoxa kancinci.
- Ulusu lujika lube mhlophe.
- ndiziva tyhafileyo.
- Iingxaki zeeseli zePlasma: Iiseli zePlasma luhlobo lweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezenza ii-antibodies. Ukuba ezi seli zikhula kakhulu ngaphandle kolawulo, zinokwenza buthathaka inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela kwaye zonakalise amalungu omzimba. I-Multiple Myeloma luhlobo lomhlaza olukhula ngale ndlela.
- Ezinye izifo: Kwiimeko ezifana neMyelodysplastic Syndromes kunye neMyeloproliferative Neoplasms , umongo wethambo wenza iintlobo ezininzi zeeseli ezingalunganga okanye uninzi lweeseli zohlobo olunye. Oku kubangela ukunqongophala kwezinye iintlobo zeeseli kwaye kubangela iingxaki ezahlukeneyo.
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango zezi zifo?
Ukuba ufunyaniswe unesifo somongo wethambo, ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba unyango olulungele wena. Unyango luyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nobunzima besifo. Unyango oluqhelekileyo luquka:
- Ukufakelwa komongo wethambo
- Utofelo-gazi
- Ukunika i-iron, i-vitamin B12, okanye i-folate njengeepilisi, inaliti yeevithamini, okanye i-saline
- Amayeza okulwa nomhlaza (iChemotherapy)
- Amayeza okuthintela inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela
Amaxesha amaninzi, kusenokungabikho zimpawu zibalulekileyo zolu hlobo lwesifo ekuqaleni. Ungafumanisa ngovavanyo lwakho lwegazi lonyaka, oko kuthetha ukubaUkubalwa kwegazi okupheleleyo (i-CBC) yeyona ndlela yokwazi ukubona. Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlala ukhathalela impilo yakho kwaye udibane nogqirha ukuba uziva ungaphili kakuhle.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Umongo wethambo ngumthombo oyintloko ngaphakathi emathanjeni ethu ovelisa iiseli zegazi ezifunwa yimizimba yethu.
- Umongo obomvu uvelisa zonke iintlobo ezintathu zeeseli: iiseli ezibomvu zegazi (ezithwala ioksijini), iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi (ezilwa neentsholongwane), kunye neeplatelets (ezinceda ukujiya kwegazi).
- Ukuba kukho ingxaki ngokusebenza komongo wethambo, izifo ezahlukeneyo ezifana ne-leukemia kunye ne-anemia zinokwenzeka.
- Ukuba uneempawu ezifana nokudinwa rhoqo, ukuba mdaka, kunye nokukrweleka ngamanye amaxesha, musa ukuzityeshela.
- Ukuba unamathandabuzo malunga nempilo yakho, ungalibazisi kwaye udibane nogqirha wakho.
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