Ngaba wakha waphawula indlela abanye abantu abacinga kakhulu ngayo ngobunzima babo kunye noko bakutyayo? Mhlawumbi licebo elihle ukuzama ukunciphisa umzimba kancinci. Kodwa kwenzeka ntoni xa uthatha okugqithisileyo uze uqale ukunciphisa umzimba kwaye ulawule ukutya kwakho? Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesihloko esahlukileyo kancinci, kodwa esibaluleke kakhulu. Leyo yimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-anorexia engaqhelekanga, okanye `(Atypical Anorexia Nervosa)`.
Yintoni i-Atypical Anorexia?
Ngamafutshane, i-anorexia nervosa sisifo sokutya. Kwimeko enjalo, umntu usebenzisa iindlela eziyingozi nezingeyompilo zokunciphisa umzimba. Usenokuba ukhe weva nge-Anorexia Nervosa. Le meko, ebizwa ngokuba yi-anorexia nervosa, inokuba neempawu ezininzi ezifanayo neze-Anorexia Nervosa. Umzekelo:
- Ukuphazamiseka komfanekiso womzimba: Oku kuthetha ukucinga ukuba utyebile ngaphezu kokuba unjalo ngokwenene. Nokuba uzijonga esipilini, usazibona utyebile.
- Ukwehla kobunzima ngokukhawuleza nangokubonakalayo: Ukulahlekelwa bubunzima obukhulu ngequbuliso.
- Utshintsho kwindlela yokutya kunye nokuzilolonga: Ukutya kancinci, ukungatyi ukutya okuthile, okanye ukuzilolonga ngaphezu kokuba kuyimfuneko.
Kodwa umahluko obalulekileyo apha kukuba umntu one-anorexia nervosa uhlala ene-body mass index ephezulu kancinci (`Body Mass Index - BMI`) xa imeko iqala. Oku kuthetha ukuba ababhityile kakhulu kwasekuqaleni. Ke ngoko, nokuba bancipha ngequbuliso, isenokungabonakali ngaphandle. Yingakho le meko kunzima ukuyiqonda, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha inokubangela iingxaki zempilo nezengqondo ezinzulu ngakumbi kune-`(Anorexia Nervosa)`. Kuba akucaci kwangoko ukuba kukho ingxaki.
Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?
Enyanisweni, inani labantu abafunyaniswe bene-anorexia nervosa liyanda. Kuqikelelwa ukuba phakathi kwama-25% nama-40% abantu abakwiziko lonyango lweengxaki zokutya banengxaki yokutya. Le meko yaqala ukuchazwa kuluhlu lweengxaki zengqondo, ``DSM-V - Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders'', eyakhutshwa yi-American Psychiatric Association ngo-2013.
Ziziphi iimpawu ze-anorexia engaqhelekanga?
Kukho iimpawu ezininzi onokuzibona kule meko. Jonga ukuba wena okanye umhlobo wakho unayo na kwezi:
- Ukutya ngokugqithisileyo: Oku kuthetha ukutya ukutya okuninzi ngaxeshanye ngaphandle kokulawula.
- Ukunciphisa ukutya okutyayo, ukungatyi ukutya.
- Ukuzilolonga ngaphezu kokuba bendinjalo ngaphambili, ngaphezu kokuba ndingakwazi ukukuthwala.
- Ukuba nento ethile efika engqondweni, ukuba nomsindo rhoqo, kunye nokuxhalaba.
- Ndihlala ndiziva ndidiniwe.
- Ubunzima bokunikel' ingqalelo kwinto ethile.
- Ukungonwabi yindlela ababukeka ngayo.
- Ukusebenzisa amayeza okuhlamba umzimba ukuze wehlise umzimba.
- Ukucinga ngokuzenzakalisa.
- Ukuhlanza (emva kokutya).
- Umnqweno onamandla wokuba mncinane ngandlela thile.
- Uloyiko oluhlala luhleli lokutyeba.
Asinguye wonke umntu onenye okanye ezimbini zezi mpawu onale meko. Kodwa ukuba kukho ezininzi zezi zinto zilandelelana, kungcono ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha.
Yintoni ebangela le meko?
Uphando lubonise ukuba indibaniselwano yezinto ezininzi inokuba negalelo ekuphuhlisweni kwe-anorexia nervosa. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi:
- I-genetics: Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho oye waba neengxaki zokutya, usenokuba sengozini enkulu yokuba nale meko.
- Ukonzakala: Ngamanye amaxesha, emva kwamava amabi ebomini, unokuziva ngathi kufuneka ulawule iimvakalelo zakho, ezinje ngosizi, umsindo, okanye uloyiko. Njengokungathi uvakalelwa kukuba, 'Yile nto kuphela endinokuyilawula.'
- Iimpembelelo zentlalo nezenkcubeko: Imigaqo yentlalo efana nokuthi "ukuba mncinci kuhle" ngamanye amaxesha ingasibeka phantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu. Oko sikubonayo kwiTV nakwimidiya yoluntu kunokusenza sicinge, "Nam ndifuna ukuba ngolu hlobo."
- Uxinzelelo loontanga: Ingakumbi xa usemncinci, kunokuba nzima ukuziva xa abahlobo nabanye abantu bekugculela ngomzimba wakho. Olu xinzelelo lunokubangela ukuba ucinge, "Ndifuna ukuba mncinci ngandlela thile."
- Impilo yengqondo: Ukuba ngumntu othanda izinto ezigqibeleleyo nokungaphumeleli kubudlelwane kunokukhokelela ekungazithembi. Ngamaxesha anje, imikhwa yokutya engafanelekanga inokwenzeka.
Ngubani osengozini enkulu?
Enyanisweni, nabani na unokuba nengxaki yokutya efana ne-anorexia nervosa, kodwa ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abaselula nabaselula, ingakumbi amantombazana .
Ukongeza, usenokuba sengozini enkulu yokuphuhlisa le meko ukuba unezi zinto zilandelayo:
- Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho oye waba neengxaki zokutya okanye ezinye izifo zengqondo.
- Ukuba ukhe wahlangabezana noxinzelelo lomzimba, lwengqondo okanye lwesondo.
- Ukuba unesinye isifo sengqondo esifana ne-Anxiety, Depression, okanye i-Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD).
- Ukuba ubandakanyeka kwimidlalo apho ubunzima okanye ukuma kwakho kubalulekile (umz. ijimnastiki, ukulwa, ukudada).
- Ukuba kubekho utshintsho olukhulu ebomini, njengokuya esikolweni esitsha, umsebenzi omtsha, uqhawulo-mtshato, okanye ukufudukela kwenye indawo.
- Ukuba "ungumntu othanda ukugqibelela" osebenza nzima kakhulu kwaye uzama ukwenza yonke into ngokugqibeleleyo.
Zithini iingxaki zale meko? Ingaba iyingozi?
Ewe, i-anorexia nervosa ayisiyonto yokuhlekisa. Ingachaphazela kakubi amalungu amaninzi omzimba wakho. Cinga ngezinto ezifana nezi:
- Ukungalingani kwe-Electrolyte: Xa amanqanaba eeminerali ezibalulekileyo (ezifana ne-calcium kunye ne-potassium) emzimbeni wethu ehla kakhulu, iintlungu zemisipha kunye neengxaki zokusebenza kwentliziyo zinokwenzeka.
- Izintso: Xa unciphisa umzimba ngequbuliso, izintso zakho zisenokungakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wazo wokucoca inkunkuma ngokufanelekileyo.
- Intliziyo: Ukutya kancinci kakhulu kunokubangela ukuba intliziyo ibethe kancinci (iBradycardia) kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi (iHypotension). Oku kuyingozi kakhulu.
- Ubuchopho: Xa umzimba ungafumani izondlo ezifanelekileyo ozifunayo, iimeko ezifana nokuxhuzula zinokubakho.
- Isisu: Ukucaphuka, ukudumba, ukuqhina, kunye nokuhlanza kunokwenzeka.
- Inkqubo ye-endocrine: Ukwehla kobunzima ngequbuliso, ngokukhawuleza kunokuchaphazela iihomoni, okubangela ukuba amanqanaba e-testosterone okanye e-estrogen ehle. Ukuba amanqanaba e-estrogen ehla, abafazi banokuyeka ukuya exesheni.
- Igazi: Xa ungatyi kakuhle, unokuba ne-anemia kwaye uzive udiniwe rhoqo.
- Amathambo: Ubunzima bamathambo buyancipha, nto leyo eyenza ukuba abe buthathaka kwaye aphuke lula.
- Iinwele: Iinwele zakho zisenokuqala ukubhitya zize ziwe. Usenokuba neenwele ezincinci emzimbeni (`lanugo`).
Jonga indlela ezinokuthi zibe nzima ngayo iingxaki xa ucinga ukuba, "Kwenzeka ntoni ngokunciphisa umzimba?"!
Ungayibona njani i-anorexia engaqhelekanga?
Oogqirha baxilonga le meko ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezininzi:
- Ukwenza uvavanyo lomzimba.
- Ukubuza ngononophelo ngeempawu zakho.
- Funda ngeendlela zakho zokutya kunye neendlela zakho zokuzilolonga.
Ukongeza, kunokwenziwa uvavanyo oluninzi ukuze kubonwe ukuba ezi mpawu zibangelwa yenye imeko yezonyango. Umzekelo:
- Inani elipheleleyo legazi (i-CBC)
- Iphaneli yegazi ye-Electrolyte
- Uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-Albumin
- Itshathi yesingqisho sentliziyo (`Electrocardiogram - EKG`)
- Uhlalutyo lomchamo
- Uvavanyo loxinano lwamathambo – jonga i-Osteoporosis
- Uvavanyo lwezintso, isibindi, kunye nomsebenzi we-thyroid
- Inqanaba leVithamin D
- Uvavanyo lokukhulelwa kwabasetyhini abakwiminyaka yokuzala
- Uvavanyo lweehomoni
Wakuba ugqibile ukuba akukho nasinye isifo somzimba esibangela iimpawu zakho, ugqirha wakho angasebenzisa i-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) ukuze abone ukuba unengxaki yokutya, efana ne-anorexia nervosa.
Amanqaku aphambili ekufuneka uwaqwalasele xa uchonga le meko zezi:
- Ukutya kancinci kakhulu kunokuba ubuya kwenza ngokuqhelekileyo.
- Uloyiko lokufumana ubunzima obungaphezulu.
- Ukungakwazi ukubona umzimba wakho njengoko unjalo ngokwenene. Umzekelo, usenokungawuboni ubungakanani bomzimba wakho wokwenyani, okanye usenokungaqondi ukuba ubhityile kunokuba ucinga. Unokucinga ukuba inkangeleko yakho yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ngawe, kwaye usenokungazinaki iingozi zokungatyi kakuhle.
Iphathwa njani le nto?
Xa kunyangwa i-anorexia nervosa, ngumzamo weqela. Ugqirha wakho, ingcali yesondlo, kunye nengcali yezonyango egxile kwiingxaki zokutya basebenzisana ukukunceda wena nosapho lwakho niqonde kwaye nilawule inkqubo yokuchacha.
Ngokuxhomekeke kwimpilo yakho yangoku kunye nemeko yakho yengqondo, unokufuna ukulaliswa esibhedlele ukuze ufumane unyango. Oku kunokubandakanya indibaniselwano yeendlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango:
- Unyango lwengqondo: Oku kunokukunceda utshintshe indlela ocinga ngayo ngokutya kunye nobunzima bakho. Kunokukunceda utshintshe indlela osabela ngayo kwiimeko ezinzima. Kukho unyango olunokwenziwa ngabanye, ngamaqela, okanye namalungu osapho. Uhlobo lonyango olubizwa ngokuba yiCognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) lusebenza kakhulu kubantu abaneengxaki zokutya. Lukunceda uqonde kwaye utshintshe iindlela zokucinga ezichaphazela ukuziphatha kwakho kunye neemvakalelo zakho.
- Amayeza: Abantu abaneengxaki zokutya badla ngokuba nezinye iingxaki zempilo yengqondo (ezifana nokudakumba kunye nokuxhalaba), ngoko oogqirha banokunika amayeza okunyanga ezo meko. Oku kungabandakanya amayeza okudakumba okanye amayeza okuxhalabisa.
- Ingcebiso ngesondlo: Ingcali yesondlo ebhalisiweyo okanye ingcali yokutya ebhalisiweyo, eqeqeshwe ukunyanga iingxaki zokutya, inokukunceda uphucule indlela otya ngayo. Banokukunika iingcebiso ngokuthenga, ukucwangcisa ukutya, kunye nokupheka.
Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuchacha kule nto?
Ixesha elithathwayo ukuze umntu achache kwi-anorexia nervosa liyahluka kumntu nomntu. Ukuba nomonde nokusebenzela isicwangciso sakho sonyango yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuchacha.
Iinjongo eziphambili zonyango zezi:
- Ukuqinisekisa ukuba impilo yakho ikwimeko entle kwaye naziphi na iingxaki ziphelile.
- Ukubuyela kumkhwa wokutya ukutya okunesondlo okufunayo, rhoqo kangangoko ufuna.
- Ukutshintsha indlela ocinga ngayo, indlela oziva ngayo, ingakumbi indlela ojonga ngayo ubunzima bakho.
Injani imeko yomntu one-anorexia engaqhelekanga?
Amathuba okuchacha ngempumelelo kwi-anorexia nervosa axhomekeke kwezi zinto zilandelayo:
- Unexesha elingakanani unale meko?
- Hayi indlela embi ngayo imeko yakho.
- Uhlobo lonyango olufumanayo kunye nendlela obambelela ngayo kulo.
Njengezinye iingxaki zokutya, i-anorexia nervosa inokuba mandundu ukuba ayinyangwa. Okukhona imeko iqatshelwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye inyangwa, kokukhona amathuba okuchacha aphezulu. Ukuba ayinyangwa, inokuba yingozi ebomini.
Ngethamsanqa, i-anorexia nervosa inokunyangeka. Ungabuyela kwimikhwa yokutya okunempilo. Nangona kunjalo, umngcipheko wokubuyela umva uphezulu. Ke ngoko, unyango lwexesha elide luyadingeka ukuze uphile. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqhubeka usebenza ngokwesicwangciso sakho sonyango. Kwakhona, inkxaso yosapho lwakho kunye nabahlobo ibalulekile kolu hambo.
Ndingazinyamekela njani?
Nangona oku kusoyikisa kwaye kungathandeki, kubalulekile ukuxelela abantu obathandayo kunye nogqirha wakho ukuba unesifo sokungatyi kakuhle. Abo basondeleyo kuwe kufuneka bazi ukuba ujamelene nantoni na ukuze bakuncede kwaye bakuxhase.
Ukuba ugqirha ukuxilongile ukuba une-anorexia nervosa, nazi ezinye izinto onokuzenza ukunceda uhambo lwakho lokuchacha:
- Lala ngokwaneleyo.
- Ziphephe utywala okanye iziyobisi.
- Ukuba usela amayeza, thatha ngexesha kwaye ungaphoswa lusuku olunye.
- Ukuba uthatha inxaxheba kunyango lokuthetha, qiniseka ukuba udibana nogqirha wengqondo ngemihla emiselweyo.
- Cela inkxaso kusapho nakubahlobo.
- Cinga ngokujoyina iqela lenkxaso labantu abaneengxaki zokutya.
- Bona ugqirha ngemihla ecwangcisiweyo.
Ukuba awubhityile, kutheni kukho iingxaki ezininzi zempilo?
Abanye abantu banokucinga, "Andibhityi kangako, kutheni ke ndineengxaki ezininzi zempilo?" Abantu abane-anorexia nervosa banciphisa umzimba ngokukhawuleza, nangona bebhityile. Oku kunokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu zempilo. Basenokungafumani izondlo ezaneleyo kunye neevithamini (umz., iinkozo ezipheleleyo, iziqhamo, imifuno, kunye neemveliso zobisi ezinamafutha aphantsi), ezinokuba nefuthe elibi kwimpilo yabo.
Usenokuba uzibuza, "Ngaba ndigula ngokwaneleyo ukuba ndicele uncedo?" Okanye mhlawumbi ukhe waquleka emsebenzini okanye esikolweni kwaye awukwazi ukubaxelela ntoni oogqirha. Nangona kunjalo, usenokungaqondi ukuba ugula de imeko yakho ibe nzima ukuyinyanga. Nokuba yeyiphi na imeko, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.
Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)
Ukuze uphumelele kwixesha elide, wena okanye umntu omthandayo kufuneka nisebenzele isicwangciso senu sonyango. Musa ukoyika okanye ube neentloni ukucela uncedo kusapho nakubahlobo. Ukujoyina iqela lenkxaso labantu abaneengxaki zokutya nako kunokunceda.
Musa ukuzigweba ngokuba ne-anorexia nervosa. Iingxaki zokutya zixhaphake kakhulu kunokuba ucinga. Ukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo ngayo kunokukunceda uzive ungedwa.
Ngonyango olufanelekileyo kunye nenkxaso, ngokuqinisekileyo kunokwenzeka ukuba uphile ixesha elide. Ukuba unemibuzo engaphezulu malunga noku, ungoyiki ukuthetha nogqirha. Awuwedwa.
i- anorexia engaqhelekanga, ingxaki yokutya, ukwehla kobunzima, umfanekiso womzimba, impilo yengqondo, ukutya okunesondlo, i-anorexia nervosa
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