Ngaba uxelela umntwana wakho ukuba "aphakamise isandla sakhe," kodwa konke akuvayo "kukujonga esibhakabhakeni"? Okanye uthi, "Jonga iinkomo phaya," kodwa umntwana abuze athi, "Kukho umntu ohlekisayo esitulweni?" Ngaba ukhe wazibona izinto ezinje? Ngamanye amaxesha sicinga ukuba umntwana wethu akasimameli kwaye ukwenza nje ngenxa yenzondo. Kodwa oko akusoloko kunjalo. Oku kusenokuba ngenxa yemeko esithetha ngayo namhlanje ebizwa ngokuba yi-Auditory Processing Disorder, okanye i-APD ngamafutshane.
Yintoni i-Auditory Processing Disorder (APD)?
Ngamafutshane, i-APD ayikokulahlekelwa kukuva okanye ukukhubazeka kokufunda. Okwenzekayo apha kukuba, nangona iindlebe ziva izandi kakuhle, kukho ubuthathaka kwinkqubo yokungenisa eso sandi engqondweni nokusiqonda ngokuchanekileyo . Oku kuthetha ukuba ingxaki ayikho kwiindlebe, kodwa yindlela ingqondo eqonda ngayo ulwazi lwesandi.
Khawuthelekelele umntu esithi kuwe, "Nceda uphakamise isandla sakho." Kumntu one-APD, kusenokuvakala ngathi "Nceda ucinezele isicwangciso sakho." Banengxaki yokubona umahluko omncinci wesandi kumagama.
Nangona le meko inokuchaphazela nabani na wanoma yimuphi ubudala, idla ngokuqala ebuntwaneni. Ngokwezifundo, phakathi kwe-2% kunye ne-7% yabantwana banale meko, kwaye ixhaphake kakhulu kubafana kunamantombazana . Oku kunokubangela ukulibaziseka emsebenzini wesikolo. Ngenxa yoko, abantwana abane-APD badinga uncedo olongezelelweyo esikolweni.
Ngamanye amaxesha, umntwana unokuba ne -dyslexia (ubunzima bokufunda) kunye ne-APD ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile. Kwakhona, abanye oogqirha bakholelwa ukuba abanye abantwana bachongwa gwenxa njenge -ADHD (ingxaki yokungakhathali) ngelixa eneneni bene-APD.
Zithini iimpawu zale meko?
I-APD inokuchaphazela indlela umntwana athetha, afunda, abhala, kwaye abiza ngayo amagama. Isenokunqumla iziphelo zamagama xa ethetha, okanye idibanise izandi ezivakala ngendlela efanayo. Makhe sijonge ezi mpawu ngokusondeleyo.
| Icandelo elichaphazelekayo | Iimpawu ezibonisa |
|---|---|
| Iincoko kunye nonxibelelwano | Kunzima ukuqonda into ethethwa ngumntu uze uphendule ngokukhawuleza. Kunzima ngakumbi ukuqonda into ethethwa ngumntu xa kukho iqela labantu abathetha kunye, okanye xa kukhwazwa kakhulu. |
| Ukulandela imiyalelo | Kunzima ukukhumbula imiyalelo umntu akunika yona, ingakumbi ukuba ibandakanya amanyathelo amaninzi (umz., "Yiya egumbini lakho, uthathe incwadi etafileni, uze nayo kwigumbi lokuhlala"). |
| Ukuqondwa kwesandi | Kunokuba nzima ukukhomba ngqo apho isandi sivela khona. Ukumamela umculo ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba mnandi kancinci. |
| Imfundo | Kusenokuba neengxaki zokufunda, ukubhala, kunye nopelo. Oonobumba abavakala ngendlela efanayo banokubhideka. |
Zithini izizathu ze-APD?
Oogqirha abakayazi imbangela echanekileyo yale meko, kodwa kukho izinto ezininzi ekucingelwa ukuba zinegalelo ekwenzekeni kwayo.
- Izifo Ezingapheliyo: Usulelo lwendlebe olungapheliyo, i-meningitis, okanye ityhefu yelothe zonke zinokuba negalelo ekuphuhlisweni kwe-APD kamva ebomini. Abanye abantu abanezifo zemithambo-luvo , ezifana ne-multiple sclerosis, nabo baye baba nale meko.
- Iingxaki ekuzalweni: Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha (ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha) okanye ukuzalwa unobunzima obuphantsi.
- Ukulimala entloko: Ukulimala entloko ngenxa yengozi.
- Ufuzo : Ukuba le meko iyenzeka kusapho, kunokubakho umkhwa wokuba nomntwana ayifumane. Oko kukuthi, kunokubakho impembelelo yemfuza (`iiGenes`).
Ndingayifumana njani le nto kanye?
Ukuba uneengxaki ngomntwana wakho, into yokuqala omawuyenze kukutyelela ugqirha wosapho lwakho . Ugqirha uza kwenza uvavanyo olulula lokuva ukuze ajonge ukuba umntwana wakho uneengxaki zokuva. Oku kunokunceda ekufumaniseni ukuba kukho ingxaki yokuva.
Kodwa yingcali ye-audiologist kuphela enokuqinisekisa ngokuchanekileyo imeko ye-APD.
Ingcali ye-audiologist yenza uthotho lweemvavanyo ezikhethekileyo ngale njongo.
- Apha, umntwana wenziwa ukuba amamele izandi ezahlukeneyo kusetyenziswa 'ii-headphone' aze acelwe ukuba aphendule kwezo zandi (umz., aphinde igama alivileyo, okanye acinezele iqhosha).
- Ngamanye amaxesha, ii-electrode ezininzi ezingenabuhlungu zincamatheliswa entlokweni nasezindlebeni zomntwana ukuze kulinganiswe indlela ingqondo yomntwana esabela ngayo kwizandi.
Olu vavanyo lwe-APD aluqhelekanga ukwenziwa kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka esi-7 ubudala, kuba iimpendulo ezinikwa ngabantwana abasebancinci zisenokungachaneki kangako.
Iphathwa njani?
Into yokuqala ekufuneka uyikhumbule kukuba akukho nyango lwe-APD. Nangona kunjalo, ngolawulo olufanelekileyo nonyango, umntwana unokuncedwa ukuba aphile nale meko ngempumelelo. Iindlela zonyango ziyahluka kumntu nomntu. Ezi zezona ndawo ziphambili ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe.
- Inkxaso yeklasi: Izixhobo ze-elektroniki ezifana ne-`FM (frequency modulation) system` zingasetyenziswa. Oku kufana nerediyo encinci. Oko utitshala akutshoyo ngemakrofoni kuvakala ngokucacileyo ngesixhobo esincinci endlebeni yomntwana ngaphandle kwengxolo yangaphandle. Kwakhona, ootitshala banokwenza izinto ezifana nokuhlalisa umntwana ngaphambili eklasini nokunciphisa ingxolo yangaphandle engeyomfuneko.
- Ukuphuhlisa ezinye izakhono: Ukuphuhlisa ezinye izakhono zokufunda, ezinje ngenkumbulo nokusombulula iingxaki, kunokunceda umntwana ukuba oyise imingeni ebangelwa yi-APD.
- Unyango: Unyango lokuthetha lunyango olubaluleke kakhulu. Lunceda umntwana ukuba aqonde izandi ezahlukeneyo ngokuchanekileyo, abize amagama ngokucacileyo, kwaye aphuhlise izakhono zokuncokola.
Izinto esinokuzenza ekhaya
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza imeko-bume yasekhaya ibe ntle kumntwana. Ukubeka iikhaphethi okanye iikhaphethi phantsi kunokunciphisa isandi egumbini. Kwakhona, xa uthetha nomntwana, ukucima izinto ezivakalayo ezifana neTV kunye nerediyo, ukujonga ubuso bomntwana, kunye nokuthetha kancinci nangokucacileyo nako kuluncedo kakhulu.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-APD ayisiyongxaki yokuva, kodwa yingxaki enxulumene nokukwazi kwengqondo ukucubungula izandi.
- Ngaphambi kokuba ucinge ukuba umntwana wakho akaphulaphuli okanye akanikeli ngqalelo, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ukuba ukrokrela ukuba kunjalo.
- Ukuze ufumane uxilongo oluchanekileyo, kubalulekile ukuba uqale ubonane nogqirha wakho, uze emva koko, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ubonane nogqirha we-audiologist.
- Nangona kungekho ndlela ithile yonyango lwesi sifo, ngonyango lokuthetha, inkxaso esikolweni, nasekhaya, umntwana unokuphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo nobuphumelelayo.
- Awuwedwa kolu hambo. Ngolwalathiso olufanelekileyo nenkxaso, ungayoyisa le ngxaki.
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