Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uvakalelwa kukuba umntwana wakho akafani nabanye abantwana, ukuba uziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo? Usenokukhetha ukuba yedwa, ukudlala yedwa, okanye ukungakumameli xa uthetha naye, okanye ukungakujongi emehlweni. Kuqhelekile ukuba umzali azive esoyika okanye ekhathazekile ngamaxesha anje. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngale meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-autism, ekhathaza abazali abaninzi, kunye nendlela oogqirha abayixilonga ngayo.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-autism?
Okokuqala, masiqonde oku. I-Autism ayisosifo. Sisifo sophuhliso lobuchopho. Ukuchaneka, sibizwa ngokuba yi -Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) . Igama elithi 'spectrum' libaluleke kakhulu apha. Oku kuthetha ukuba ayingabo bonke abantwana abanale meko abafanayo. Abanye abantwana banokuba nokukhubazeka kwengqondo okukhulu. Abanye bakrelekrele kakhulu kwaye banokusebenza ngokuzimeleyo. Ngoko ke, musa ukuthelekisa umntwana wakho nomnye umntwana one-ASD.
Ukufunyanwa kwangethuba kwale meko kubaluleke kakhulu kumntwana nakwintsapho. Kuba ukuba ifunyenwe kwangethuba, singamnceda umntwana aphuhlise izakhono zakhe size simncede. Kodwa akusoloko kulula ukuyibona le nto. Kuba akukho vavanyo lwelabhoratri lwayo. Oko kuthetha ukuba ayinakubonwa ngovavanyo lwegazi okanye ngeskeni. Oogqirha bayifumanisa le nto ngokujonga ngononophelo indlela umntwana aziphethe ngayo baze bacele ulwazi kuni, bazali.
Ukuxilongwa kuqala ngugqirha wezingane.
Inyathelo lokuqala kolu hambo kukubona ugqirha wabantwana womntwana wakho rhoqo. Ngokwesiqhelo, iintsana zisiwa ekliniki nyanga nganye okanye ngamaxesha athile. Ingakumbi xa kuhlolwa iinyanga ezili-18 nezingama-24 , ugqirha ngokuqinisekileyo uya kujonga ukuba umntwana ukhula kakuhle na. Olu hlolo lwenziwa nokuba umntwana akabonakali ngathi uneengxaki.
Ngeli xesha, ugqirha uza kumjonga umntwana, athethe naye, aze akubuze imibuzo. Uza kukubuza ukuba kukho umntu kusapho onale meko, aze akubuze malunga nophuhliso lomntwana kunye nokuziphatha kwakhe. Iimpendulo ozinikayo zibaluleke kakhulu kolu xilongo.
Musa ukoyika ukuphendula imibuzo kagqirha ngokunyaniseka. Ukuchaza ngokucacileyo oko ukucingayo noko ukubonayo lolona ncedo lukhulu onokulunika umntwana wakho.
Makhe sibone ukuba oogqirha banikela ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwintoni.
| Icandelo lokubeka iliso | Izinto ezifunwa ngugqirha |
|---|---|
| Iziganeko zoPhuhliso |
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| Ukuziphatha kunye nobudlelwane boluntu |
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Emva kokujonga konke oku, ukuba awunazo naziphi na iingxaki ezinkulu, kukuphela kwento leyo. Kodwa ukuba ugqirha unamathandabuzo okanye ubona ukulibaziseka ekukhuleni komntwana wakho, uza kukuthumela kwiqela leengcali ukuze kwenziwe uvavanyo olongezelelweyo.
Kuza kwenzeka ntoni emva koko? Intlanganiso neqela leengcali
Ukuba ugqirha wakho ugqiba kwelokuba umntwana wakho udinga uvavanyo olongezelelweyo, uza kudibana neqela leengcali ezigxile kwi-autism. Eli qela linokuquka:
- Ingcali yezengqondo yabantwana:Inqanaba lengqondo yomntwana, ubukrelekrele bakhe, kunye nokuziphatha kwakhe kuyahlolwa.
- Ingcali yezifo zolwimi lwentetho: Ivavanya amandla omntwana okuthetha nokuqonda ulwimi.
- Ingcali yoNyango lweMisebenzi: ijonga imisebenzi yomntwana yemihla ngemihla (ukutya, ukunxiba, ukudlala) kunye nemiba yeemvakalelo.
- Ugqirha wezifo zophuhliso
- Ingcali yezifo zengqondo
Olu vavanyo lujonga ikakhulu inqanaba lomntwana lokuqonda, ubuchule bokuthetha, kunye nezakhono zokuphila zemihla ngemihla (ezifana nokutya, ukunxiba, kunye nokusebenzisa indlu yangasese).
Ukuqatshelwa ngokusemthethweni kwale meko
Ukuze umntwana afunyaniswe ngokusemthethweni ukuba une-autism, kufuneka ahlangabezane neemfuno ezichazwe kwi-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), isikhokelo esipapashwe yi-American Psychiatric Association.
Ngamafutshane, ukuze umntwana afunyaniswe ene-ASD, kufuneka abonise imingeni kwiindawo ezimbini eziphambili.
1. Imingeni kunxibelelwano kunye nokusebenzisana nabantu: Abantwana abane-ASD banengxaki "yokunxibelelana" nabanye abantu, ukuqonda iimpendulo zabo, ukufunda iimpawu zentlalo, ukujongana emehlweni, kunye nokuqhuba incoko eqhelekileyo. Basenokuqala ukuthetha emva kwexesha kunabanye abantwana. Basenokuba neengxaki ngezakhono zokulawula imisipha ezifunekayo kwizinto ezinje ngokuzoba nokudlala.
2. Ukuziphatha okulinganiselweyo nokuphindaphindwayo: Abantwana abane-ASD banokubonakalisa ukuziphatha okuphindaphindwayo okufana nokushukuma ngendlela efanayo, ukuphinda amagama okanye amabinzana afanayo, baze bacaphuke kakhulu nalutshintsho oluncinci kwindlela abaqhele ukwenza ngayo izinto. Basenokuba banomdla kakhulu kwinto enye (umz., iimoto, oololiwe, iidayinaso). Basenokuba neengxaki zokuva.
Ezinye iimvavanyo
Ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha banokucebisa uvavanyo lwemfuza ukuze babone ukuba kukho ezinye iimeko ezinokubangela ezi mpawu. Kwakhona, ngeteknoloji ephucukileyo, kukho nesoftware esebenzisa idatha kunye nobukrelekrele bokwenziwa ukunceda ekuxilongeni i-ASD. Nangona ezi zinto zingekaqheleki kwilizwe lethu, ngokuqhubela phambili kweteknoloji, uncedo abalunikayo luya kwanda.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Autism ayisosifo, sisifo sophuhliso lobuchopho. Wonke umntwana onesi sifo wahlukile.
- Ukufunyaniswa kwangethuba kubaluleke kakhulu kwikamva lomntwana. Ngoko ke ukuba unamathandabuzo ngomntwana wakho, musa ukulibazisa ukuthetha nogqirha wabantwana ngaloo nto.
- Ukuxilongwa asinto ephela ngovavanyo olunye. Yinkqubo enamanyathelo aliqela.
- Ukuba umntwana wakho ufunyaniswe ene-ASD, musa ukoyika. Kukho iingcali ezininzi kunye neendlela ezinokunceda umntwana wakho aphuhlise izakhono zakhe.
- Njengomzali, ulwazi olunika lona lubaluleke kakhulu ngeli xesha lohambo. Ngoko ke vuleka kwaye uthembeke kugqirha wakho ngayo yonke into.
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