Ngaba wakha weva ngomntu onzakeleyo emgogodleni ngequbuliso eba
noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, iintloko ezibuhlungu kakhulu, kunye nezinye iimpawu? Le yimeko esiza kuthetha ngayo namhlanje, ebizwa ngokuba yi-Autonomic Dysreflexia, okanye i-AD ngamafutshane. Ungakhathazeki, ukuba uyazi ngale nto, ungayilawula.
Yintoni i-AD?
Ngamafutshane, i-Autonomic Dysreflexia (AD) yimpendulo engaqhelekanga, enzima kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo elawula eminye yemisebenzi yomzimba wakho ngokuzenzekelayo (siyibiza ngokuba yi-Autonomic
Nervous System ). Kufana nokothuka okukhulu kwinto encinci. Oku
kubonakala rhoqo kubantu abaye benzakala kumqolo, intambo yemithambo-luvo ngaphakathi komqolo . Lo mngcipheko uphezulu ukuba kukho umonakalo kwisifuba esingaphezulu, sithi inqanaba le-T6 (i-Sixth Thoracic Vertebrae) okanye ngaphezulu. Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza ukuba lo mqolo wesifuba uyintoni. Oko kukuthi, inxalenye ephakathi yomqolo wethu. Le yeyona ndawo inde ukusuka entanyeni ukuya esiphelweni seembambo. Ine-vertebrae ezili-12, i-T1 ukuya kwi-T12. Uphawu oluphambili lwe-AD
kukonyuka ngequbuliso koxinzelelo lwegazi ( uxinzelelo lwegazi ) . Kunye noku, intloko ebuhlungu nayo luphawu olukhulu. I-AD idla ngokubonakala okokuqala kwiinyanga ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu emva kokwenzakala komqolo kwaye ukothuka okubangelwa yiyo (Spinal Shock, Neurogenic Shock) kuye kwaphela. Abantu abaninzi banokuhlangabezana nale meko amaxesha amaninzi ebomini babo. Abanye abantu, ingakumbi abo banomonakalo ongaphezulu kwenqanaba le-T6, kuthiwa bayawufumana ukuya kuthi ga kwizihlandlo ezingama-40 ngemini. Le AD ikwabizwa nangamanye amagama amaninzi, kwaye ugqirha wakho angayibiza ngelinye lala magama: I-Autonomic Hyperreflexia, I-Hypertensive
Autonomic Crisis, i-Sympathetic Hyperreflexia.
Masifunde kancinci ngeNkqubo yethu yeNervous ye-Autonomic.
Kulungile, ngoku makhe sijonge ukuba yintoni le Autonomic Nervous System. Le yinxalenye yomzimba wethu elawula izinto ezininzi ngaphandle kokuba sicinge ngazo. Izinto ezifana nokuphefumla,
ukubetha kwentliziyo ,
uxinzelelo lwegazi , kunye nokugaya ukutya. Oku kufana nenkqubo ezenzekelayo yomzimba wethu. Kukho iindawo ezintathu eziphambili kule nkqubo ye-autonomic nervous:
- Inkqubo yeNervous enovelwano (SNS): Yile nto isilungiselela iimeko ezingxamisekileyo neengozi. Yinkqubo ebangela impendulo 'yokulwa okanye ukubaleka'.
- Inkqubo yeNervous yeParasympathetic (PNS): Oku kwenza okwahlukileyo koko kwenziwa yi-sympathetic. Oko kukuthi, kuyawuzolisa umzimba kwaye kunceda kwinkqubo 'yokuphumla nokugaya'.
- Inkqubo yeNervous yamathumbu (ENS): Yiyo le nto ilawula inkqubo yethu yokugaya ukutya.
Ikhula njani i-AD?
Ngoku makhe sijonge ukuba kwenzeka ntoni xa unesifo se-AD. Xa umqolo wakho wonakele, ngaphantsi kwendawo yokwenzakala, inkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo esebenzisana ne-sympathetic (SNS) iyasebenza. Njengokungathi i-SNS iphendula ukuba usengozini. Ngenxa yoko, imithambo yegazi emzimbeni wakho ongezantsi (njengemilenze yakho, isisu) iyaxina (oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-vasoconstriction). Oku kubangela ukuba uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi lunyuke ngequbuliso. Ngokwesiqhelo, xa uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi lunyuka ngolu hlobo, inkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo ye-parasympathetic (PNS) iyasebenza, ikhulisa imithambo yegazi (oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-vasodilation), ibuyisela uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi kwimeko eqhelekileyo. Le nkqubo siyibiza ngokuba yi-baroreflex. Nangona kunjalo, kumntu onzakeleyo emgogodleni, lo myalezo we-parasympathetic awunakuhamba usuka kwindawo yokwenzakala. Ngoko ke, okwenzekayo kukuba imithambo yegazi ikhula kuphela kwindawo ephezulu yomzimba (ngaphezu kwendawo yokwenzakala). Kungenxa yoko le nto, ngenxa yokuba imithambo yegazi kwinxalenye esezantsi yomzimba iqhubeka nokuxina (ngenxa yesenzo se-SNS), uxinzelelo lwegazi luhlala luphezulu ngendlela eyingozi.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda oku: Yiyo loo nto umntu one-AD enokuba neempawu ezahlukeneyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba wakhe ngaxeshanye. Umzekelo, ulusu olungaphezulu komgangatho wesilonda (njengobuso, intamo, neengalo) lunokuba bomvu kwaye lubile. Nangona kunjalo, ulusu olungaphantsi kwesilonda (njengesisu esisezantsi nemilenze) lunokuba mhlophe, lubanda, kwaye lome.
Ngubani onokuba nethuba elikhulu lokufumana i-AD?
Ukuba ujonga ukuba ngubani ofumana i-AD kakhulu, ngabo banomonakalo womqolo
kwinqanaba le-T6 okanye ngaphezulu kwalo (i-vertebra yesithandathu yesifuba) . Kodwa ayinguye wonke umntu owufumanayo. Uyazi, umqolo wethu ufana nendlela ethwala imiyalezo evela kwingqondo kuwo wonke umzimba. Ikhuselwe yi-vertebrae (amathambo angasemva). Rhoqo, ukwenzakala komqolo kwenzeka kwingozi, xa lo mqolo waphukile ngenxa yokubethwa ngamandla. Emva koko amathambo aphukileyo acinezela umqolo, onakalise imithambo-luvo kuloo ndawo.
Umngcipheko wokuba ne-AD uyanda ngokwenqanaba lomonakalo womqolo kunye nokuba umonakalo unzima kangakanani (njengokuqhekeka ngokupheleleyo). Kuqikelelwa ukuba malunga ne-90% yabantu abenzakeleyo kumqolo wesibeleko okanye kumqolo ophezulu wesifuba baya kuba ne-AD. Ngaphezu koko, abafazi abakhulelweyo abenzakeleyo kumqolo kwi-T6 nangaphezulu basengozini enkulu yokuba ne-AD ngexesha lokubeleka. Ke ngoko, oku kufuneka kuqwalaselwe. Zithini iimpawu ze-AD?
Iimpawu ze-AD zinokwahluka kancinci kumntu nomntu, kodwa zihlala zivela ngequbuliso. Uphawu lokuqala olukhulu yintloko ebuhlungu nebuhlungu. Oku kubangelwa kukunyuka okukhawulezileyo koxinzelelo lwegazi. Ukongeza, i-AD inokubangela ezi mpawu zilandelayo:- Ukubila okugqithisileyo okungaphezulu kwenqanaba leentlungu zomqolo.
- Isantya sentliziyo esicothayo kunesiqhelo (oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-bradycardia).
- Ububomvu besikhumba ngaphezu kwesilonda emqolo kunye nolusu olukhanyayo nolomileyo ngaphantsi kwesilonda.
- Ubuhlungu bomqolo obubangelwa ziintlungu zomzimba.
- Ulusu olubandayo.
- Ukuxinana kweempumlo.
- Isicaphucaphu, ukuhlanza.
- Umbono ofipheleyo.
- Ukuziva uxhalabile kakhulu kwaye uloyiko.
Kubalulekile: Ukuba ufumana ezi mpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza. Oku kungaba yingxamiseko.
Zithini izizathu ze-AD?
Eyona nto ibangela i-AD kukwenzakala komqolo esisele sixoxe ngako. Inkqubo yemithambo-luvo ezimeleyo yabantu abane-AD isabela kakhulu kwizinto ezithile ezibangela umhlaza. Ngokwesiqhelo, xa umzimba ufumana isikhuthazo esinobungozi esingaphantsi komgangatho wokwenzakala komqolo, inkqubo yemithambo-luvo esebenzisana ne-sympathetic iyasebenza kakhulu, nto leyo ebangela ukuba inani elikhulu lemithambo yegazi linciphe (vasoconstriction). Esi 'sikhuthazo esinobungozi' yiyo nantoni na eyonakalisa izicubu kwaye inokubangela intlungu, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha intlungu ayivakali. Inokuba yinto yonke ukususela ekurhawuzeleni ongenakukwazi ukukrwela ukuya kwisinyi esipheleleyo. Ngaphandle kokwenzakala komqolo, kukho ezinye iimeko ezinokubangela i-AD, kodwa azifane zibonwe:- I-Intramedullary Astrocytoma - Umhlaza wenkqubo yemithambo-luvo ephakathi.
- Isifo se-Multiple Sclerosis (MS).
- Isifo sikaGuillain-Barré.
- Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zamanye amayeza.
- Ukulimala kakhulu entloko kunye nezinye iingxaki zengqondo.
- Ukopha kwegazi okungaphantsi kwe-Subarachnoid (SAH) - ukopha engqondweni.
- Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezivuselela ingqondo ezingekho mthethweni ezifana necocaine kunye neeamphetamines.
Izinto ezibangela i-AD
Ukuba usemngciphekweni wokuba ne-AD, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele izinto ezinokubangela le meko. Ngale ndlela, ungaziphepha kwaye uzinyange ngokukhawuleza ukuba kuvela iimpawu ze-AD. I-AD idla ngokubangelwa ziingxaki ezinxulumene nezi:- Isinyi.
- Amathumbu (oko kuthetha amathumbu).
- Ulusu.
Izizathu ezinxulumene nesinyi
Iingxaki zesinyi zezona zibangela i-AD - zimalunga nama-85% eemeko ze-AD. Ngokuqhelekileyo, unobangela kukubakho kwengxaki kwindlela umchamo wakho ohamba ngayo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba isinyi sakho sigcwale kakhulu (i-Bladder Distension). Oku kunokubangelwa zezi zinto zilandelayo:- Ukuba ufake i-catheter ye-Foley, isenokuqhekeka okanye ivaleke.
- Ukuqaqamba kwesinyi.
- Amatye esinyi.
- Iintsholongwane zoMchamo (UTIs).
Ngamanye amaxesha, iimvavanyo ezifana ne-cystoscopy okanye uvavanyo lwe-urodynamic nazo zinokubangela i-AD. Izizathu ezinxulumene namathumbu amakhulu
Umathumbu amakhulu, okanye amathumbu amakhulu, sesona sizathu sesibini esixhaphakileyo se-AD. I-AD inokwenzeka xa amathumbu enwebeka kakhulu. Izizathu zoku zezi:- Ukuchaphazeleka lindle.
- Ukuqhinwa.
- Ukuqunjelwa, ukuqunjelwa.
- Ii-Enemas.
- Ukuzithuma ngezandla.
Nezinye izifo ezisulelayo emathunjini, umzekelo:- Urhudo.
- I-Diverticulitis.
- Isifo sikaCrohn.
- Iimfantu zempundu.
- IiHemorrhoids.
Izinto ezinje zinokubangela i-AD. Izizathu ezinxulumene nolusu
Iingxaki zolusu zezona zinto zixhaphakileyo ezibangela i-AD. Kukho izizathu ezininzi ezinokubakho:- Ukulimala koxinzelelo / iBedsore.
- Ukusikwa, ukudumba.
- Iimpundu zesikhumba.
- Iimpahla ziyaqina, ziyabambeka, zikhula kakhulu.
- Ukurhawuzelelwa okungenakuviwa okanye ukukrwelwa.
- Iinzipho zeenyawo ezikhule ngaphakathi.
Uyazi njani ukuba une-AD?
Akukho vavanyo lunye olunokuxilonga ngokuqinisekileyo i-AD. Ngoko ke, oogqirha kunye nabo bakukhathaleleyo baza kusekela ukuxilongwa kwabo koku kulandelayo:- Imbali yakho yezonyango , ingakumbi ulwazi malunga nokwenzakala emqolo.
- Uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi lwangoku xa luthelekiswa noxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi oluqhelekileyo. Ngokubanzi, ukuba uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi lwe-systolic lungaphezulu kwe-150 mmHg, okanye malunga ne-40 mmHg ingaphezulu kunenqanaba lakho eliqhelekileyo, oko kuthathwa njengophawu lwe-AD.
- Iimpawu , ingakumbi iintloko ezibuhlungu kakhulu.
Ukuba uneempawu ze-AD kodwa awucingi ukuba unokwenzakala emgogodleni, ugqirha wakho unokufuna ukwenza uhlolo olupheleleyo lwenkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo aze enze olunye uvavanyo ukuze afumane unobangela weempawu zakho. Ezi zingabandakanya:- Uvavanyo lwegazi nomchamo.
- I-CT scan (CT - I-Computed Tomography scan) okanye i-MRI scan (MRI - I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging scan).
- I-ECG (i-Electrocardiogram - EKG).
- Ukubethela umqolo/Ukubhoboza imilenze.
- Uvavanyo lwetafile ethambekileyo.
- Uvavanyo lwamayeza.
- Ii-X-reyi.
Iphathwa njani i-AD?
Inyathelo lokuqala lokunyanga i-AD kukucela isigulana silale phantsi, sehlise imilenze yaso, size sikhulule nayiphi na impahla ebambekayo. Oku kunceda ekunciphiseni uxinzelelo lwegazi. Kwiimeko ezininzi, i-AD iyaphela xa i-trigger isusiwe. Ke ngoko, inyathelo elilandelayo kukuchonga nokususa i-trigger, ukuba kunokwenzeka, ngaphambi kokuba unike amayeza. Umzekelo, nazi ezinye izinto ugqirha wakho okanye umnakekeli anokuzisebenzisa ukuchonga nokulungisa i-trigger:- Ukujonga ukuba umchamo uhamba kakuhle na, okanye uyawulungisa.
- Ukuba umntu une-catheter ye-Foley, yijonge ukuba ayinazo iziphene okanye izivalekile na uze uyilungise.
- Ukuvavanya isampuli yomchamo ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho usulelo lwendlela yomchamo (UTI), kwaye ukuba kunjalo, ukunika amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane.
- Hlola i-rectum ukuze ubone ukuba kukho ukutsalwa kwendle na, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, susa isitulo.
Abantu abaninzi abanamava nge-AD bayazi kakuhle le nto kwaye bakulungele ukuphumeza isicwangciso sonyango. Kwimeko yongxamiseko: Ukuba into ebangela ukuba umntu angakwazi ukufumana into ebangela ukuba uxinezeleko lwegazi lungasebenzi, kwaye amanyathelo asisiseko awanciphisi uxinzelelo lwegazi, kufuneka unyango olungxamisekileyo ukuze unciphise uxinzelelo lwegazi. Kwimeko enjalo, fowunela ku-119 (okanye inombolo yongxamiseko efanelekileyo), okanye ufune uncedo lwezonyango ngoko nangoko.
Emva koko uza kunikwa amayeza asebenza ngokukhawuleza anjenge-nitrates, i-hydralazine, i-labetalol, okanye i-nifedipine ukuze wehlise uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi. Ngexesha lonyango, iqela lakho lezonyango liza kujonga iimpawu zakho ezibalulekileyo kwaye lijonge uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi rhoqo. Ngaba i-AD ingathintelwa?
Akusoloko kusenzeka ukuthintela i-AD. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba wenzakele emgogodleni, ingakumbi ngaphezulu kwenqanaba le-T6, ezi zinto zinokukunceda ukuthintela i-AD:- Ukukhupha isinyi rhoqo kwaye uqaphele ukuba singazali.
- Ukulawula iintlungu.
- Ukunyamekela amathumbu akho kubalulekile ekuthinteleni ukuvaleka kwendle kunye nokuqhinwa.
- Ukunyamekela ulusu lwakho ngokufanelekileyo kubalulekile ekuthinteleni izilonda zesikhumba kunye nosulelo lwesikhumba.
- Ukuthintela usulelo lwendlela yomchamo (UTIs).
Iza kuba njani imeko ye-AD? (Imbono)
Ingqikelelo ye-AD ilungile, kodwa kuphela xa ezi zinto zenzeka:- Ukuba wena, umnakekeli wakho, okanye iqela lakho lezonyango liyabona oku kwangethuba.
- Ukuba unyango olungxamisekileyo luqaliswa ngokukhawuleza.
- Ukuba wena kunye/okanye abo bakukhathalelayo ninolwazi olupheleleyo malunga neempawu kunye nezinto ezibangela i-AD.
- Ukuba wena, umnakekeli wakho, okanye iqela lakho lezonyango nithatha amanyathelo afanelekileyo okuthintela i-AD.
Nangona kunjalo, iimeko ezinzima ze-AD ezinganyangwa ngokukhawuleza nangendlela efanelekileyo zinokuba nemiphumo emibi kakhulu. Umzekelo:- Ukonakala kwengqondo ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (i-Hypertensive Encephalopathy).
- Istroke.
- Ukubanjwa kwe-cardiac.
- Ukuhluthwa.
- Ukufa.
Ngethamsanqa, ukufa ngenxa ye-AD kunqabile kakhulu. Ukuba usengozini yokuba ne-AD, yintoni omele uyenze?
Wena nabantu obathandayo kufuneka nibandakanyeke ekuqapheleni iimpawu ze-AD. Kwangoko nje ukuba uqale ukuziva iimpawu ze-AD, hlala phantsi uze uqale unyango. Usenokuwa, uzenzakalise, okanye ulahlekelwe zingqondo, ngoko fowunela uncedo. Ukuba awukwazi ukufumana imbangela, okanye ukuba unyango olufanelekileyo aluncedi, umntu makatsalele umnxeba ku-119 (okanye inombolo efanelekileyo yongxamiseko). Kubalulekile nokuba nePhekhi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo kuwe, ukuba ugqirha wakho uyichazile, kunye nencwadana enolwazi malunga ne-AD. Oku kuya kunceda nabo bangaziyo nge-AD. Ukuba ukhe waba neempawu ze-AD ngaphambili, kufuneka wazise bonke oogqirha bakho, abanakekeli, kunye nabantu obathandayo ngemeko yakho. Ukuze ukuba iphinda yenzeke, bazi, nokuba awunalo ixesha lokucela uncedo. Khumbula njengesishwankathelo
I-Autonomic dysreflexia (AD) yimeko enokuba yingozi ebomini. Kodwa iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba inokunyangeka - rhoqo ngokususa okanye ngokutshintsha into ebangela i-AD. Ukuba usemngciphekweni wokufumana i-AD, kubalulekile ukuba wena kunye nabantu obathandayo nifunde konke okusemandleni enu ngayo. Emva koko ninokwazi ukubona iimpawu kwaye nifumane unyango lwe-AD ngokukhawuleza. Thetha neqela lakho lezonyango malunga neendlela zokuphepha izinto ezibangela i-AD. Bakulungele ukukunceda. Khumbula, oku akuyonto yokoyika, ukwazi yeyona nto ikhuselayo!
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