Yintoni uhlolo lwesidumbu? Makhe sithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha.

Ngaba wakha weva ngokuhlolwa kwesidumbu? Usenokuba ukubonile kwimuvi okanye kwiindaba. Nangona le yingongoma ebucayi, kubalulekile ukuyazi. Kuba, yinto ebaluleke kakhulu kwezonyango nakwezomthetho. Ngoko ke, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngokuba yintoni ukuxilongwa kwesidumbu, ngubani okwenzayo, njani, kwaye ngoba.

Yintoni kanye kanye i-autopsy?

Ngamafutshane, utyando lwesidumbu luvavanyo olukhethekileyo lwezonyango olwenziwa emva kokuba umntu eswelekile ukuze kufunyanwe unobangela kwaye ngamanye amaxesha indlela yokufa. Kufana nomsebenzi womcuphi. Ugqirha oqeqeshwe ngokukodwa, obizwa ngokuba yi-pathologist , uhlola ngononophelo ingaphakathi nangaphandle komzimba womfi.

Igama lesiNgesi elithi "autopsy" livela kwigama lesiGrike elithi "autopsy." Lithetha "ukuzibona." Oko kukuthi, ingcali yezifo ihlola umzimba ngamehlo ayo ize izama ukufumana unobangela wokufa. Abanye abantu bakwabiza oku ngokuthi "uvavanyo lwasemva kokufa," ingakumbi kumazwe afana neNgilane. Igama elithi "Post" lithetha "emva" kwaye elithi "mortem" lithetha "ukufa." Ngoko ke intsingiselo iyafana.

Luhlolwa nini utyando lwesidumbu?

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zovavanyo lwesidumbu, kuxhomekeke kwisizathu sokwenziwa kwalo. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi.

1. Uvavanyo lwesidumbu lweForensic

Yile nto sihlala sicinga ngayo xa sisiva igama elithi "forensic" okanye "forensic " ngesiNgesi. Oku kwenziwa njengenxalenye yophando lwezomthetho. Igama elithi "forensic" lithetha "ukuhambelana neendlela zesayensi zokusombulula ulwaphulo-mthetho." Khawucinge nje, ukuba amapolisa ebenokuphanda ukufa okukrokrelwayo, olu luhlobo lophando oluya kwenziwa.

Ngokubanzi, eSri Lanka nakwamanye amazwe kwihlabathi liphela, umthetho uchaza iimeko ezithile apho kufuneka khona uvavanyo lwesidumbu. Ngokubanzi, ezi ntlobo zilandelayo zokufa zifuna uvavanyo lwesidumbu:

• Okungaqhelekanga: Oko kukuthi, ukuba ukufa kwenzeke ngenxa yento efana nokubulala, ukuzibulala, okanye ingozi.
• Ukufa ngequbuliso okanye okungalindelekanga: ingakumbi kosana okanye umntwana omncinci.
• Ukuba kuyakrokrelwa: Ukuba kukho ingxaki ngokufa.
• Ukuba imbangela yokufa ayaziwa.
• Ukuba kukufa okunobundlobongela.
• Ukuba kukufa okungabonwanga mntu .
• Ukuba ukufa kwenzeke ngenxa yengozi emsebenzini (Ingozi Ekhawulezileyo Emsebenzini).
• Ukufa okubangelwa yingozi yemizi-mveliso: Umzekelo, umlilo okanye ukuvuza kweekhemikhali ezinobungozi.
• Ukuba kukho ukufa okwenzeke ngexesha okanye emva konyango lwezonyango okanye lotyando, kwaye ukuba kukho isityholo sokungakhathali kwezonyango.
• Ukufa okunxulumene ne-anesthesia kulandelayo:Oko kuthetha ukuba umntu uyafa emva kokuba kunikwe i-anesthesia ngenxa yotyando okanye enye inkqubo yezonyango.

Abantu abanegunya lokuyalela utyando lwesidumbu olunjalo banokuhluka ngokwamazwe ngamazwe. Umzekelo:

• Umhloli wezifo okanye uMhloli wezonyango
• UMantyi
• Mapolisa

2. Uvavanyo lwesidumbu esibhedlele (Uvavanyo lwesidumbu lweklinikhi)

Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yiPathological Autopsy . Oku kudla ngokwenziwa yiPathologist esibhedlele ukuze kuchongwe unobangela wokufa xa kufe umntu ngendlela yendalo , okanye ukuze kuqondwe ngcono.

Ukufa okuqhelekileyo kukufa okwenzeka xa umzimba uyeka ukusebenza ngenxa yesizathu sangaphakathi, esifana nomhlaza, isifo sentliziyo, okanye isifo esosulelayo. Oko kukuthi, akukho sizathu sangaphandle sokufa (umz., ukwenzakala, ukurhaxwa).

Ngamanye amaxesha, izalamane zomfi – oko kukuthi, usapho – zingacela utyando olunjalo. Khawuthelekelele, usapho lufuna ukwazi, "Kwenzeke ntoni ngokwenene kumntu wethu, yintoni kanye kanye le nto yayigula?" Emva koko banokucela oku. Okanye, ugqirha owanyanga loo mntu angafumana imvume kwizalamane aze enze utyando olunjalo.

Kungathatha ixesha elingakanani ukwenziwa uhlolo lwesidumbu emva kokufa?

Uvavanyo lwesidumbu lunokwenziwa nangaliphi na ixesha emva kokufa. Nangona kunjalo, kungcono ukukwenza ngokukhawuleza. Oku kungenxa yokuba, emva kweeyure ezingama-24, amalungu omzimba kunye nezinye izicwili ziqala ukubola. Oku kwenza kube nzima ukwenza ezinye iimvavanyo nokuvavanya ukuchaneka kweziphumo.

Iingcali zezifo ezicwangcisiweyo zingenza uvavanyo lwezidumbu kwizidumbu ezibolileyo okanye izidumbu eziye zagrunjwa. Nangona kunjalo, ulwazi kunye nobungqina obunokufumaneka kwiimeko ezinjalo bunokunciphisa.

Ngubani owenza olu vavanyo lwesidumbu?

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, oku kwenziwa yingcali ebizwa ngokuba yi-pathologist . I-Pathology lisebe lezonyango elibandakanya ukuphonononga iisampulu zezicubu zomzimba kwilabhoratri ngeenjongo zokuxilonga okanye zokuhlola.

Iingcali zezifo ezibangela utyando lwezidumbu ngoogqirha. Banolwazi olubanzi kunye noqeqesho olukhethekileyo malunga nomzimba womntu. Ngokwesiqhelo, ukuba yingcali yezifo kufuna iminyaka eli-11 ukuya kweli-13 yokufunda.

Usenokuba ukhe weva ngomntu obizwa ngokuba yi-"Medical Examiner" ohlola izidumbu. Igama elithi "Medical Examiner" lidla ngokusetyenziswa njengesikhundla somsebenzi kwingcali yezifo zophando, ngokuqhelekileyo ngumsebenzi karhulumente ohlola izidumbu.

Yintoni eyenzekayo ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwesidumbu?

Inkqubo yokwenza utyando lwesidumbu ingahluka kancinci ngokuxhomekeke kwisizathu sotyando lwesidumbu. Utyando lwesidumbu ludla ngokuba nenkcazelo enzulu. Phantse lonke ilungu lomzimba liyahlolwa. Zikwabandakanya uphando lwendawo yolwaphulo-mthetho kunye ne-toxicology - uphando lweetyhefu, iziphumo zazo, kunye nokuchongwa kwazo.

Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwezidumbu, ngamalungu athile omzimba kuphela anokuhlolwa. Kwakhona, uvavanyo lwetyhefu aluqhele ukwenziwa ngexesha lovavanyo.

Ngokubanzi, amanyathelo ovavanyo lwesidumbu angabonakala ngolu hlobo:

1. Ingcali yezifo ibeka umzimba womfi etafileni yokuhlolwa ngononophelo.

2. Emva koko, umphandle womzimba ujongwa ngononophelo. Bakhangela nantoni na engaqhelekanga, nantoni na enokunxulunyaniswa nokufa. Barekhoda konke oku. Banokuthabatha neefoto kunye nee-X-reyi zomzimba.

3. Emva koko, ingcali yezifo isebenzisa i-scalpel ebukhali ukusika ulusu ukusuka kwi-collarbone ukuya kwisisu esisezantsi kwaye ihlole ingaphakathi lomzimba. Apho, zonke izicubu kunye namalungu angaphakathi emzimbeni ziyasuswa kwaye zihlolwe, kunye nezo zithile.

4. Iisampuli ezincinci zezicubu zithathwa kwizitho zomzimba zize zihlolwe phantsi kwe-microscope.

5. Ngamanye amaxesha, ingcali yezifo ivula ukhakhayi kunye nentloko yentloko ize ihlole ubuchopho.

6. Kuthathwa iisampulu zolwelo lomzimba, izicwili, kunye nezitho zomzimba kwaye kwenziwa iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo (umz., uhlalutyo lweekhemikhali, uhlalutyo lwetyhefu) kwiilabhoratri.

7. Kwii-forensic aups, izinto "ezingeyondalo" (umz., inkunkuma, iimbumbulu) ezifunyenwe ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle komzimba ziyaqokelelwa kwaye zihlolwe.

8. Emva kovavanyo lwe-forensic autopsy, ingcali yezifo idla ngokufaka amalungu omzimba emzimbeni, ngaphandle kwengqondo, ize ithunge ulusu kakuhle. Oko kukuthi, bazama ukulwenza lusondele kangangoko kunokwenzeka kulolo lwangaphambili. Nangona kunjalo, kwii-clinical autopsions, amalungu omzimba awabuyiselwa emzimbeni. Oku kungenxa yokuba amalungu omzimba anokusetyenziswa kuvavanyo olongezelelweyo, mhlawumbi nakwizifundo zabafundi bezonyango.

9. Nangona kunjalo, iingcali zezifo zihlala zizama ukuphatha umzimba womntu oswelekileyo ngentlonelo kwaye ziwubeke kwimeko entle kakhulu.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ingcali yezifo ingadinga ukugcina amanye amalungu ukuze ivavanywe ngakumbi, okanye ingagcina amalungu njengoko kuchaziwe kwiFomu yeMvume. Emva kokuba zonke ezi mvavanyo zigqityiwe, ingcali yezifo ilungiselela iNgxelo eNcazekileyo.

Iinjongo ezongezelelweyo zoPhononongo lwesidumbu lweForensic

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, injongo ephambili yovavanyo lwesidumbu ngasinye kukufumanisa unobangela wokufa. Nangona kunjalo, uhlolo lwesidumbu lunezinye iinjongo ezithile:

• Ukuqinisekisa ubuwena: Ngamanye amaxesha akwaziwa ukuba ngubani umfi. Izinto ezifana neminwe kunye novavanyo lwe-DNA zinokunceda koku.
• Ukunceda ukuqinisekisa okanye ukuphikisa izityholo malunga nendlela yokufa: Oko kukuthi, ukunceda ukufumanisa ukuba ukufa bekukubulala okanye ingozi ngokusekelwe kubungqina bezonyango.
• Ukuqikelela Ixesha Ukususela Ekufeni.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani uhlolo lwesidumbu?

Kudla ngokuthatha ingcali yezifo iiyure ezimbini ukuya kwezine ukuhlola isidumbu. Uvavanyo lwesidumbu luya kugqitywa kwaye iziphumo zokuqala ziya kufumaneka kwiintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu.

Nangona kunjalo, kungathatha iiveki ezintandathu okanye ngaphezulu ukulungiselela ingxelo epheleleyo yokuhlolwa kwesidumbu. Kukho izinto ezininzi ezinokubangela oku kulibaziseka:

• Nokuba luvavanyo lwezonyango okanye lweklinikhi.
• Ubunzima bokufa kunye/okanye ubunzima bobungqina.
• Ingaba ingcali yezifo kufuneka ilinde iziphumo zezinye iimvavanyo (umz. uvavanyo lwegazi, uvavanyo lwe-DNA ).
• Inani lee-autopsies ekufuneka zenziwe yingcali yezifo ngexesha elithile kunye nenani leengcali zezifo kuloo ndawo.

Yintoni ekwiNgxelo yoPhononongo lwesidumbu?

Ingxelo yovavanyo lwesidumbu luxwebhu oluneenkcukacha malunga nokuhlolwa ngakunye, uhlolo, kunye novavanyo olwenziwe emzimbeni.

Oku kudla ngokuchaza ngokucacileyo unobangela wokufa kunye nendlela eqhelekileyo yokufa . Ingcali yezifo, ngokusekelwe kubungqina besayensi nobezonyango, ihlela indlela yokufa ibe yenye yeendidi ezintlanu:

1. Ingozi

2. Izinto Ezibangela Indalo

3. Ukubulala

4. Ukuzibulala

5. Akukacaciswa

Ngamanye amaxesha, nokuba ingcali yezifo iyenza kakuhle kangakanani na inkqubo yovavanyo lwesidumbu, unobangela wokufa awunakumiselwa. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-"negative" okanye "obscure" autopsy . Kwixesha elizayo, ngeendlela zelebhu eziphambili, kunokwenzeka ukuba kumiselwe unobangela wokufa okunjalo kamva.

Ingxelo yokuhlolwa kwesidumbu ithini kanye kanye?

Ingxelo yokuhlolwa kwesidumbu iqulethe iziphumo zophando lwesayensi kunye novavanyo olwenziwe emzimbeni nakwizinto ezikuwo umzimba. Nangona kunjalo, uhlolo lwesidumbu lodwa alunakukwazi ukumisela ngokusemthethweni indlela umntu asweleke ngayo. Kumazwe amaninzi, isigqibo sokugqibela senziwa yiNkundla yoMthetho. Abaphandi kunye nabanye abameli bezomthetho badibanisa ulwazi olukwingxelo yokuhlolwa kwesidumbu kunye nobunye ubungqina ababuqokeleleyo ukuze bafikelele kwisigqibo malunga nendlela yokufa.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba nokuba iingcali zezifo zinolwazi noqeqesho olungakanani na, zingabantu njengathi. Njengaye wonke umntu, zinokwenza iimpazamo. Okanye, ngamanye amaxesha, zisenokungakwazi ukufumanisa unobangela wokufa. Kwezinye iimeko, usapho okanye amagunya asemthethweni angacela ukuba umzimba womfi uhlolwe okwesibini ngomnye ugqirha wezifo.

Zithini iingenelo zovavanyo lwesidumbu?

Kukho iingenelo ezininzi ezinokufunyanwa ngokuhlolwa kwesidumbu. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi:

• Ukwandisa ulwazi lwezonyango: Ukuhlolwa kwezidumbu zeklinikhi, ngakumbi, kuvumela oogqirha ukuba bandise ukuqonda kwabo ngezifo kunye nendlela ezichaphazela ngayo imizimba yethu. Ulwazi lwezonyango olufunyenwe koku luya kuba lubaluleke kakhulu ekuphuculeni unyango lwezonyango kwixesha elizayo.
• Ukuthintela ukufa okungakumbi: Ngaphambili, iingcali zezifo ezazisenza uvavanyo lwezidumbu zazichonge iimeko ezingxamisekileyo zempilo yoluntu, ezifana nohlaselo lobugrogrisi lwe-anthrax. Ngokufanayo, iingozi zempilo yoluntu, ezifana neebhedi ezingasebenzi kakuhle okanye izihlalo zeemoto, ezibangele ukufa kweentsana, nazo zichongiwe ngolu hlobo lovavanyo.
• Ukuchonga Iimeko Zemfuza: Ngamanye amaxesha, uhlolo lwesidumbu lubonisa ukuba umfi usweleke ngenxa yesifo sofuzo ebesingafunyaniswanga ngaphambili okanye ebesingafunyaniswanga kakuhle. Oku kunokunceda izalamane zegazi zomfi zifunde ngomngcipheko wazo wokufumana esi sifo.
• Ukubonelela ngoBungqina obusemthethweni: Ukuhlolwa kwezidumbu kunceda kakhulu ekusombululeni amatyala olwaphulo-mthetho anjengokubulala. Nangona kunjalo, kunokubonelela ngobungqina obusemthethweni kwiimeko ezifana nokufa emsebenzini, iingozi zokusingqongileyo, okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezonyango. Olu hlobo lokufa lunokukhokelela nakwiinkundla zamatyala.
• Ukususa amathandabuzo:Xa uhlolo lwesidumbu lunika iimpendulo malunga nesizathu sokufa, luqinisekisa ukuba ukuxilongwa kunye nonyango olufunyenwe ngumfi beluchanekile, ludla ngokubonelela ngemvakalelo yokuvalwa okanye intuthuzelo kusapho nakubantu obathandayo. Endaweni yokuhlala unamathandabuzo, ukuba neempendulo kunokukunceda uzive ulusizi kwaye ujongane nokusweleka komntu omthandayo.

Ixabisa malini i-autopsy ?

Uninzi lwezibhedlele aluhlawulisi mali ngotyando lwezonyango olwenziwe yingcali yezifo, kwaye utyando lwezidumbu olwenziwe phantsi kwegunya le-coroner okanye i-medical exampiece nalo lunikezelwa simahla.

Nangona kunjalo, kunokubakho intlawulo yokuthutha umzimba ukuya nokubuya esibhedlele. Ukongeza, kusenokufuneka uhlawulele uvavanyo lwemfuza ukuze kuchongwe izifo ezizuzwe njengelifa.

Okokugqibela, yintoni ekufuneka uyikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ukuhlolwa kwezidumbu kubaluleke kakhulu kwicandelo lezonyango kunye nolawulo lobulungisa. Ziluncedo kakhulu ekwandiseni ulwazi lwezonyango nasekufumaneni iimpendulo kwimibuzo engaziwayo.

Ukuba kufuneka uye kuhlolwa isidumbu somntu omthandayo, yazi ukuba ingcali yezifo iza kuwuphatha umzimba ngononophelo olukhulu nentlonipho. Baza kusebenzisa ubuchule babo ukukunika yonke impendulo yezonyango enokubakho.

Kunzima kancinci ukuthetha ngento efana nale, kodwa ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luza kukunceda.

"Uvavanyo lwesidumbu, Uvavanyo lwasemva kwesidumbu, Unobangela wokufa, Ingcali yezifo, Uvavanyo lwesidumbu lweForensic, Uvavanyo lwesidumbu lweKlinikhi