Umzimba wethu, ukuba sithetha ngokuchanekileyo, yindalo emangalisayo kakhulu. Njengesakhiwo esihle nesiqinileyo. Njengokuba esi sakhiwo sinesakhelo esomeleleyo, umzimba wethu ukwanesakhelo esomeleleyo. Yinkqubo yethu yamathambo, okanye njengoko sisibiza njalo, ithambo. Ubusazi ukuba kukho amathambo angama-206 emzimbeni womntu omdala oqhelekileyo? La mathambo angama-206 xa edibene asinceda sime nkqo, sihambe, sibaleke, sitsibe, kwaye sikhusele amalungu abalulekileyo njengengqondo nentliziyo yethu. Ngoko ke namhlanje siza kuthetha ngenxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu nephambili yalo mathambo. Ngumzimba we-axial . Nangona igama livakala liyinkimbinkimbi kancinci, ibali lilula kakhulu. Makhe sibone ukuba yintoni le.
Yintoni i-axial skeleton?
Ngamafutshane, i-axial skeleton yeyona axis iphambili yomzimba wethu, oko kukuthi, amathambo alele ngqo embindini. Cinga ngayo njengesiqu somthi. Amasebe omthi asuka esiqwini, akunjalo? Yile ndlela amalungu omzimba wethu, njengeengalo nemilenze yethu, aqhagamshelwe ngayo kule axis iphambili.
Le axis iphambili yenziwe yi:
- Intloko yakho (ukhakhayi)
- Intamo
- Umqolo (umqolo)
- Isifuba (umqolo wesifuba)
Amathambo akwiindawo adibene. Eli gama livela kwigama lesiNgesi elithi "axis". Lithetha "axis". Ngoko ke eli gama linikwe kuba likwi-axis esembindini womzimba.
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kweenkqubo ze-axial kunye ne-appendicular skeletal?
Besitshilo ngaphambili ukuba inkqubo yamathambo emzimbeni wethu yahlulwe yangamacandelo amabini aphambili. Elinye lithambo eliyi-axial esithetha ngalo. Elinye lithambo eliyi-appendicular . Umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini kulula kakhulu ukuwuqonda.
- I-Axial Skeleton: Le yisiseko esiphambili somzimba wethu. Oko kukuthi, ukhakhayi, umqolo, kunye nembambo.
- I-Appendicular Skeleton: La ngamathambo onke “anamathele” okanye “aqhagamshelwe” kumathambo aphambili. Igama elithi append lithetha “ukuncamathisela.” Ngoko ke oku kuquka amathambo asemagxeni akho, ezingalweni, kwiminwe, esinqeni, emilenzeni, nakwiinzwane.
Khawucinge ngerakhi yempahla. Ipali ethe nkqo ifana nomqolo we-axial. Iingalo ezisuka kuloo pala ukuya kuxhoma impahla macala omabini zifana nomqolo wempahla oncedisayo. Uyaqonda?
Zithini imisebenzi ephambili yenkqubo ye-axial skeletal?
Iinkonzo ezinikezelwa yile nkqubo yamathambo emizimbeni yethu azibalulekanga kangako. Nazi ezinye zezona zibonelelo ziphambili esizifumanayo:
1. Ukubonelela ngokhuseleko:Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Ikhaka lakho likhusela ingqondo yakho, njengesigcina-ntloko sebhayisekile. Umqolo wakho ukhusela umqolo odlula kuwo. Iimbambo zakho zikhusela amalungu omzimba abuthathaka ngaphakathi kuwo, njengentliziyo yakho nemiphunga.
2. Ukuxhasa umzimba: Olu thambo olune-axial lusenza sikwazi ukuma nokuhlala nkqo. Umqolo ngokukodwa usebenza njengentsika ephambili exhasa ubunzima bomzimba wethu.
3. Uqhagamshelwano lweMisipha: Imisipha esinceda sishukumise intloko, intamo, kunye nomzimba idibene neli thambo le-axial. Imisipha esinceda siphefumle ikwadibene ne-rib cage.
4. Ukubonelela ngozinzo kwinkqubo yamathambo encedisayo: Ukuze iingalo nemilenze yethu zisebenze kakuhle, isakhelo esiphambili apho zinamathele khona kufuneka somelele. Loo zinzo lubonelelwa yile nxalenye.
Mangaphi amathambo akhoyo kwinkqubo ye-axial skeletal?
Umqolo wethu we-axial unamathambo angama-80 . Ngoku makhe sijonge ukuba la mathambo angama-80 ayintoni kwaye abekwe phi ngokwahlukeneyo.
Masikwahlule oku kube ziinxalenye ezi-5 eziphambili:
- Amathambo entloko
- Ii-Ossicles zendlebe ephakathi
- Ithambo le-Hyoid entanyeni
- Ikholamu yomqolo
- Ikheji yesifuba
Ngoku makhe sijonge nganye kwezi ndawo ngokweenkcukacha.
Ikhakayi - Isigcina-ntloko sethu sendalo esikhuselayo
Ukhakhayi lwethu alulothambo linye. Luqoqo lwamathambo. La ahlulwe abe ziindawo ezimbini eziphambili. Ngamathambo entloko kunye namathambo obuso.
- Amathambo entloko: La ngamathambo asi-8 ajikeleze kwaye akhusela ubuchopho bethu.
- Amathambo obuso: La ngamathambo ali-14 anceda ekubumbeni ubuso bethu aze enze izinto ezifana namehlo, impumlo, nomlomo.
| Amathambo entloko (amathambo angama-22 ewonke) | |
|---|---|
| Igama lethambo | Inombolo |
| Amathambo entloko - 8 | |
| Amathambo e-parietal | 2 (ezimbini kwicala ngalinye) |
| Amathambo exeshana | 2 (ezimbini kwicala ngalinye) |
| Ithambo langaphambili | 1 (ibunzi) |
| Ithambo le-occipital | 1 (ngasemva kwentloko) |
| Ithambo le-Ethmoid | 1 (phakathi kwamehlo) |
| Ithambo le-sphenoid | 1 (isiseko sekhakayi) |
| Amathambo Obuso - 14 | |
| Amathambo e-Maxilla | 2 (umhlathi ongasentla) |
| Amathambo e-Zygomatic | 2 (izidlele) |
| Ithambo le-Mandible | 1 (umhlathi ongezantsi) |
| Amathambo empumlo | 2 (ibhulorho yempumlo) |
| Amathambo ePalatine | 2 (ngasemva kwemiboniso) |
| Amathambo empumlo e-concha | 2 (ngaphakathi kwempumlo) |
| Amathambo e-lacrimal | 2 (ngaphakathi kwebhola yeliso) |
| Ithambo lokugabha | 1 (embindini wempumlo) |
Ii-Auditory Ossicles (amathambo amancinci kwindlebe ephakathi)
Amathambo amathathu amancinci emzimbeni wethu akwindlebe ephakathi. La mathambo mancinci kakhulu. Umsebenzi wawo ophambili kukudlulisa isandi esifikelela kwi-eardrum siye endlebeni engaphakathi. La mathambo akwiindlebe zombini. Oko kuthetha ukuba mathathu kwindlebe enye, kwaye mathandathu kuzo zombini iindlebe.
| Igama lethambo | Inani lilonke |
|---|---|
| Amathambo eMalleus | 2 (inye ngendlebe nganye) |
| Amathambo e-Incus | 2 (inye ngendlebe nganye) |
| Amathambo e-Stapes | 2 (inye ngendlebe nganye) |
Ithambo le-Hyoid entanyeni
Eli lithambo elikhethekileyo kakhulu. Kuba eli thambo le-hyoid alidibani ngokuthe ngqo nalo naliphi na elinye ithambo emzimbeni wethu. Lifana nokudada. Eli thambo limile okwesihlangu sehashe likwindawo engaphambili entanyeni, phakathi komhlathi ongezantsi kunye ne-thyroid gland. Libanjwe endaweni yalo yimisipha kunye nemisipha. Eli thambo lisinceda siphefumle, sithethe, kwaye siginye ukutya. Lilodwa kuphela.
Ikholamu yomqolo - Intsika ephambili yomzimba
Umqolo, okanye umqolo, yinxalenye ephambili yomzimba wethu ethwala ubunzima. Wenziwe yinqwaba yamathambo amancinci (ii-vertebrae) abekwe phezu komnye nomnye. Umqolo, ovela ebuchotsheni, udlula phantsi kwezi vertebrae. Umqolo ukhusela lo mqolo.
Umqolo udla ngokuba namalungu angama-24 e-vertebrae, i-sacrum, kunye ne-coccyx. Masiwahlule abe ngamacandelo ama-5.
| Inxalenye | Inani leethambo zomqolo | Umsebenzi ophambili |
|---|---|---|
| Ithambo lomqolo lomlomo wesibeleko | 7 | Ukwenza intamo nokuxhasa intloko. |
| Ithambo lomqolo lesifuba | 12 | Ukuxhasa uqhagamshelo lweembambo esifubeni. |
| Ithambo lomqolo leLumbar | 5 | Ukuthwala ubunzima obukhulu emzimbeni. |
| I-Sacrum | 1 (ekuqaleni yayi-5, yongezwa kamva) | Idibanisa ithambo lesinqe ukuze yenze i-pelvis. |
| Ithambo lomsila/ithambo lomsila | 1 (ekuqaleni yayi-4, yongezwa kamva) | Isiphelo somqolo. Ukuvumela izihlunu ukuba zisebenze. |
Ikheji Yesifuba - Umkhuseli Wentliziyo Nemiphunga
I-rib cage, okanye i-rib cage, ikhusela amalungu abalulekileyo njengentliziyo nemiphunga yethu. Ikwanazo nezihlunu ezibandakanyeka ekuphefumleni kunye nezinye izihlunu ezibandakanyeka ekushukumeni kwengalo.
| Igama lethambo | Inombolo kunye nenkcazo |
|---|---|
| I-Sternum/ithambo lesifuba | 1 (ithambo elide, elisicaba elisezantsi embindini wesifuba) |
| Iimbambo | 24 (izibini ezili-12. 12 kwicala ngalinye) |
Ziziphi izifo ezichaphazela umqolo we-axial?
Umgaqo-nkqubo wethu oyintloko unokuchaphazeleka ziimeko ezahlukeneyo zonyango. Ezinye ziimeko eziwohlokayo ezenzeka njengoko sikhula. Ezinye zinokubangelwa zizifo okanye iingozi.
- I-Ankylosing Spondylitis: Olu luhlobo lwe-arthritis olubangela ukudumba komqolo kunye nentlungu yomqolo ixesha elide.
- I-Axial Spondylometaphyseal Dysplasia: Esi sisifo semfuza esibangela ukuba amathambo abe mafutshane ngenxa yokukhula kwamathambo okungasebenzi kakuhle.
- I-Fibrous Dysplasia: Amathambo ayaqina ngenxa yokukhula kwezicubu ezine-fibrous endaweni yethambo eliphilileyo.
- Ukwaphuka kwamathambo: Uxinano lwamathambo luyancipha njengoko sikhula, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuba amathambo aphuke nokuba awile kancinci.
- I-Osteoporosis: Isifo apho amathambo aba buthathaka kakhulu ngenxa yokunqongophala kwe-calcium emzimbeni.
- Isifo sikaPaget sethambo: Esi sifo sibangela ukuba amathambo abe makhulu kwaye abe buthathaka kunesiqhelo.
Ukuba uneempawu ezinje, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza ukuze akunike icebiso.
Sigcina njani umqolo wethu we-axial uphilile?
Luxanduva lwethu ukugcina olu lwakhiwo lubalulekileyo lomzimba wethu luqinile. Kukho izinto ezilula esinokuzenza ukuze senze loo nto.
- Ukuzilolonga kakuhle: Ukuzilolonga nge-cardio njengokuhamba nokubaleka kunye noqeqesho lokuqinisa umzimba olufana nokuphakamisa iintsimbi zombini zinceda ukuqinisa amathambo.
- Lala ngokwaneleyo: Lala ubuncinane iiyure ezisi-7 ngosuku. Imizimba yethu iyazilungisa xa silele.
- Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni: Njengoko ubunzima bomzimba busanda, uxinzelelo olungakumbi lubekwa emathanjeni, ingakumbi umqolo kunye nemilenze.
- Yitya ukutya okutyebileyo kwi-calcium kunye ne-vitamin D: Ukutya kobisi okufana nobisi, iyogathi, kunye netshizi, intlanzi encinci (eneethambo), ii-almond, kunye nemifuno eluhlaza zizityebi kwi-calcium. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokufumana i-vitamin D kukufumana ilanga lasekuseni.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya: Ukutshaya kunokunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kwegazi emathanjeni, nto leyo engalunganga kwimpilo yamathambo.
- Funa ingcebiso kagqirha: Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokufumana uvavanyo lobunzima bamathambo, ingakumbi ukuba ungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-65.
Ulusu lwethu olune-axial skeleton yeyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo yomzimba wethu, lusikhusela ubomi bethu bonke kwaye lusinika amandla okuma. Ngoko ke ngumsebenzi wethu ukuwunyamekela kakuhle.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Inkqubo yamathambo omzimba wethu yahlulwe yangamacandelo amabini aphambili: inkqubo yamathambo e-axial kunye ne-appendicular.
- I-axial skeleton ngamathambo angama-80 enza i-skull, umqolo, kunye ne-rib cage, abekwe ecaleni kwe-axis ephakathi yomzimba.
- Umsebenzi wayo oyintloko kukukhusela amalungu abalulekileyo afana nengqondo, umqolo, intliziyo, kunye nemiphunga.
- Oku kukwanika inkxaso emzimbeni, kuncede ukuba uhlale uthe nkqo, kwaye kuvumela ukuzibandakanya kwemisipha.
- Ngokulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo (ukutya okunempilo, ukuzilolonga, ukulala ngokwaneleyo), unokugcina umqolo wakho womelele kwaye usempilweni.
- Ukuba uneengxaki okanye iintlungu ezinxulumene namathambo akho, soloko ubonana nogqirha.
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