Ingaba unenkunkuma eninzi egazini lakho? Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-Azotemia!

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva udiniwe kwaye unengxaki yokuchama? Okanye ngaba ugqirha wakhe wajonga uvavanyo lwakho lwegazi waza wathi, "Kukho inkunkuma eyongezelelweyo egazini lakho"? Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-azotemia. Makhe sithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha, kuba ibaluleke kakhulu kwimpilo yezintso zethu.

Ngamafutshane, i-azotemia yimeko apho inqanaba lenkunkuma egazini lakho, ingakumbi inkunkuma ene-nitrogen, linyuka kakhulu. Le nkunkuma yenziwa xa iiproteni ekutyeni esikutyayo ziqhekeka. Ziqala ukwakheka esibindini sakho. Emva koko zihamba ngegazi lakho ziye ezintsoni zakho. Izintso eziphilileyo zihluza le nkunkuma egazini lakho kwaye ziyikhuphe emchameni wakho. Ngoko ke xa izintso zakho zingasebenzi kakuhle, le nkunkuma iqokelelana egazini lakho. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-azotemia.

Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili ze-Azotemia?

Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili ze-azotemia. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi. Ezi zahlulwe ngokwendawo apho ingxaki ibangela ukuba inkunkuma iqokeleleke khona.

1. I-Azotemia yangaphambi kwezintso

Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo. Lwenzeka xa izintso zakho zingafumani manzi aneleyo. Cinga ngalo njengesihluzo samanzi esingafumani manzi aneleyo okusebenza. Nokuba akukho nto imbi ngezintso zakho, xa zingafumani manzi aneleyo, azikwazi ukucoca inkunkuma.

Izinto ezinokubangela oku zezi:

• Ukulahleka kwegazi okukhulu (umz., ukopha ngenxa yokwenzakala okukhulu, utyando)
• Ukugcinwa kwamanzi, okubangelwa kukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni (umz., ukungaseli manzi aneleyo, ukubila kakhulu, ukuhlanza, urhudo)
• Ukusilela kwentliziyo kwenzeka xa intliziyo ingapompi igazi ngokufanelekileyo.
• Utshintsho kwibhalansi yolwelo lomzimba ngenxa yesifo sesibindi (ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwesibindi).
• Ukusetyenziswa rhoqo nangokugqithisileyo kwamayeza athile, umzekelo, amayeza okudambisa iintlungu afana ne-ibuprofen kunye ne-aspirin.
• Ukuncipha kokuhamba kwegazi ukuya kwizintso ngenxa yezinye iimeko zempilo.

2. I-Azotemia yangaphakathi

Olu hlobo ludla ngokuvela xa izintso ngokwazo zonakele. Oko kuthetha ukuba kukho into engalunganga ngezintso ngokwazo. Oku kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo amandla ezintso okucoca.

Izizathu eziphambili zinokuba zezi:

• Iintsholongwane ezichaphazela izintso.
• Ukonakala kwezintso ngenxa yezifo ezinzima ezifana ne-sepsis.
• Ukuqhekeka kwegazi kwizintso.
• Amanye amayeza, ingakumbi amayeza e-chemotherapy kunye namanye amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane.
• Ukonakala kweeseli zezintso ngenxa yeetyhefu ezifana neziyobisi, utywala, kunye nezinye izibulali-zinambuzane.
• Ukonakala kwi-glomeruli, iiyunithi zokucoca izintso.

3. I-Azotemia yasemva kwezintso

Oku kwenzeka xa kukho ukuvaleka kwenye indawo kwinkqubo yakho yomchamo. Kufana nomsele ovalekileyo, obangela ukuba amanzi adibane kwisinyi sakho. Ezi zithintelo zinokuba kwi-ureters, kwiityhubhu eziphakathi kwezintso zakho nesinyi, kwisinyi sakho, okanye kwi-urethra yakho. Xa umchamo ungakwazi ukuphuma, ubuyela kwizintso zakho, nto leyo ebangela umonakalo.

Ezona zizathu zixhaphakileyo zezi:

• Ukudumba okubangelwa zizifo zomchamo (UTIs).
• Amatye omchamo okanye amatye esinyini.
• Ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza (umz. umhlaza weprostate, umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko).
• Ukwanda kwe-prostate gland kumadoda (i-benign prostatic hyperplasia).

Ngaba i-Azotemia iyafana ne-Renal Failure?

Hayi. I-Azotemia ayifani nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso. Nangona kunjalo, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso yeyona nto ibangela i-azotemia. Oko kukuthi, xa izintso zingasebenzi kakuhle, inkunkuma iqokelelana egazini, nto leyo eyiyo i-azotemia. Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso yimeko ebanzi, apho yonke imisebenzi yezintso inokuphazamiseka. I-Azotemia luphawu olunye lokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?

I-Azotemia yimeko eqhelekileyo kunokuba unokucinga. Kufunyenwe ukuba inani elikhulu labaguli abakwizibhedlele, malunga ne-16%, banale meko. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela oku.

Zithini iimpawu ze-Azotemia?

Kwiimeko ezininzi, usenokungaziboni iimpawu ezinkulu de imeko ibe mandundu ngakumbi. Abanye abantu basenokungabonakalisi zimpawu kwaphela. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ugqirha unokuzifumana kuphela xa evavanya enye imeko.

Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu banokufumana iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Ubungakanani bomchamo oveliswayo buncitshiswa kakhulu.
• Ndiziva ndidiniwe kakhulu (ndidiniwe), ndingakwazi kwenza nto.
• Imeko yokungakwazi ukugxila, ukuziva udidekile.
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla (ukuphelelwa ngamandla), ukuziva ngathi uza kufa isiqaqa nangona unyuka izinyuko ezimbalwa.
• Iintlungu zesifuba.
• Ukudumba, ingakumbi emilenzeni, emaqatheni, nasezinyaweni (i-edema).
• Ukuphazamiseka kwesingqisho sentliziyo (arrhythmia), utshintsho kwisingqisho sokubetha kwentliziyo.
• Ukutya akunancasa.

Ukuba imeko iba mandundu, ukuxhuzula okanye i-coma ingenzeka. Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela ezi mpawu. Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Zithini izizathu ze-Azotemia?

Izizathu ze-azotemia zixhomekeke kuhlobo onalo. Makhe sijonge izizathu ezinxulumene neentlobo ezintathu esixoxe ngazo ngaphambili ngokweenkcukacha.

• I-Azotemia yangaphambi kwezintso:Oku kwenzeka rhoqo xa ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya kwizintso kuchatshazelwa kukwenzakala okanye ukugula emzimbeni. Umzekelo:
• Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni. Oku kunokubangelwa zizinto ezifana nokungaseli manzi aneleyo, ukubila kakhulu (umz., xa uzilolonga elangeni, uzilolonga), ukuhlanza, okanye urhudo.
• Ukopha igazi.
• Ukutsha kakhulu.
• Ukumelwa yintliziyo.
• Isifo sesibindi (ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwesibindi).

• I-Intrinsic Azotemia: Oku kwenzeka xa izakhiwo ezikwizintso, ezifana nezihluzo ezincinci (i-glomeruli), iityhubhu ezincinci ezinceda ekufunxeni amanzi, izondlo, kunye neeminerali (ii-renal tubules), kunye nemithambo yegazi ezintso (i-renal vasculature), zonakele.
• Iimeko ezibangela ukudumba, umzekelo, izifo ezifana ne-vasculitis.
• Usulelo lwezintso.
• Iityhefu (umz., amayeza athile, iintsimbi ezinzima).
• Umonakalo obangelwa kukuncipha kokuhamba kwegazi ukuya kwizintso ixesha elide (ukuncipha kokuhamba kwegazi).

• I-Postrenal Azotemia: Oku kudla ngokubangelwa kukuvaleka kwendlela yomchamo okanye isinyi.
• Ukudumba okubangelwa zizifo zomchamo (UTIs).
• Amatye omchamo.
• I-Hydronephrosis - Ukwanda kwezintso ngenxa yokugcina umchamo.
• Ukwanda kwe-prostate gland kumadoda (i-benign prostatic hyperplasia).
• Umhlaza wenkqubo yomchamo.

Ngaba i-Azotemia iyafana nokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni?

Hayi, ezi zimbini azifani. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni yeyona nto iphambili ebangela i-prerenal azotemia. Oko kukuthi, xa kungekho manzi aneleyo emzimbeni, inani legazi elihamba liye kwizintso liyancipha, nto leyo enokubangela i-azotemia.

Izizathu ezinokubangela ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni zezi:

• Ukungaseli manzi aneleyo.
• Ukubila kakhulu (umz. xa ubekwe elangeni, xa uzilolonga).
• Ukuhlanza.
• Urhudo.
• Amayeza athile, umzekelo, i-diuretics (ekwaziwa ngokuba ziipilisi zamanzi).

Ingaba esi sisifo esosulelayo?

Hayi, i-Azotemia ayisosifo esosulelayo. Awunakusidlulisela komnye umntu.

Ngubani ochaphazeleka kakhulu yile meko?

I-Azotemia inokuchaphazela nabani na. Nangona kunjalo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ivele ukuba uneminyaka engaphezu kwama-65 ubudala. Abantu abanezifo ezingapheliyo ezifana nesifo seswekile kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu nabo basengozini enkulu.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ze-Azotemia?

Ukuba i-azotemia ayinyangwa kakuhle, inkunkuma esegazini inokuqokelelana iye kwinqanaba eliyingozi. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-uremia. I-uremia idla ngokubangelwa sisifo sezintso esingapheliyo (CKD). Ukuba ayinyangwa, i-uremia inokubulala.Kwakhona, ezinye iingxaki ezifana nesifo sentliziyo kunye neengxaki zenkqubo yemithambo-luvo zinokwenzeka.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-Azotemia kunye ne-Uremia?

Zombini ezi zizifo ezinxulumene nezintso.

• I-Azotemia kukwanda kwe-nitrogen kunye nezinye izinto ezimdaka egazini. Oku kunokubonwa ngovavanyo lwelebhu.
• I-uremia yimeko ebonakaliswa bubukho be-urea engaphezulu kunye nezinye izinto ezingafunekiyo egazini. Ngamanye amazwi, xa imeko ye-azotemia iba mandundu kwaye kuvela iimpawu ezifana nokucaphuka, ukuhlanza, ukudinwa, kunye nokudideka, ibizwa ngokuba yi-uremia.

Ngamafutshane, i-Azotemia kukwanda kweemveliso zenkunkuma egazini, kwaye i-Uremia kukuvela kweempawu kunye nokuba mandundu kwemeko ngenxa yezo mveliso zenkunkuma.

Ifunyaniswa njani i-Azotemia?

Ingcali yezifo zengqondo yeyona ilungileyo yokuxilonga nokunyanga le meko. Iza kuthatha imbali yakho yezonyango, ibuze ngeempawu zakho, ize yenze uvavanyo lomzimba. Ukuba kukho i-azotemia erhanelekayo, iya kuyalela uvavanyo lwe-urea nitrogen egazini (BUN) kunye novavanyo lwe-creatinine. I-Creatinine yimveliso elahliweyo eveliswa yi-metabolism yemisipha. Amanqanaba aphezulu kwezi zinto luphawu lokuba izintso zakho azisebenzi kakuhle.

Ukuba unengxaki yokopha okanye usela nawaphi na amayeza, kufuneka uxelele ugqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba wenze uvavanyo lwe-BUN. Olu vavanyo lubandakanya ukuthatha isampuli encinci yegazi emthanjeni osengalweni yakho uze uyithumele kwilebhu.

Lithini inqanaba le-BUN elithathwa njenge-Azotemia?

Inqanaba eliqhelekileyo le-urea nitrogen egazini (BUN) liyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiminyaka yakho kunye nesini. Ukuba ingxelo yelebhu ibonisa ixabiso elingaphezulu kunoluhlu oluqhelekileyo, isenokuba yi-azotemia.

Kwakhona, ugqirha uza kujonga amanqanaba akho e-serum creatinine. Kukho ixabiso eliqhelekileyo laloo nto, kuxhomekeke kwiminyaka yakho kunye nesini sakho. Ukuba ingaphezulu koko, ibonisa ingxaki yezintso.

Lithini inqanaba le-BUN elibonisa ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso?

Oogqirha abaxilongi ukusilela kwezintso ngokusekelwe kumanqanaba e-BUN kuphela. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba amanqanaba akho e-BUN kunye ne-creatinine aphezulu kakhulu kunesiqhelo, kwaye unezinye iimpawu, oko kungaba luphawu lokusilela kwezintso.

Ziziphi ezinye iimvavanyo ezenziwayo ukufumanisa i-Azotemia?

Ugqirha angenza ezinye iimvavanyo ezininzi:

• Uhlalutyo lomchamo: Isampulu yomchamo wakho ithathwa ize ivavanywe kwilebhu ukuze kufunyanwe iikhemikhali, iiproteni, iiseli zegazi, nezinye izinto ezingabonakaliyo.
• Ukuphuma komchamo: Oku kulinganisa ukuba ungakanani umchamo owukhuphayo kwiiyure ezingama-24.
• Uvavanyo lwemifanekiso: I-CT scan okanye i-ultrasound scan ingenziwa ukuze kujongwe ngokusondeleyo izintso zakho, ii-ureters, kunye nesinyi. Ezi zinokujonga ukuvaleka, amatye, okanye ubungakanani kunye nokuma kwezintso zakho.
• I-biopsy yezintso: Ngamanye amaxesha, olu vavanyo lwenziwa ukuze kufunyaniswe ukuba loluphi kanye kanye umonakalo owenzekileyo kwizintso zakho. Oku kuquka ukwenza umngxuma omncinci eluswini lwakho nokusebenzisa inaliti encinci ukuthatha isampuli encinci kakhulu yezicubu kwizintso zakho. Emva koko ithunyelwa kwilabhoratri ukuze ivavanywe.

Iphathwa njani i-Azotemia?

Unyango lwe-azotemia luxhomekeke kuhlobo onalo, unobangela, kunye nobunzima bemeko. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukunyangela ingxaki engundoqo ebangele i-azotemia. Ugqirha uya kwenza uvavanyo ukuze afumanise unobangela. Iindlela zonyango zingabandakanya:

• Ulwelo lwe-IV: Ulwelo, olufana ne-saline, olunikwa ngemithambo ukuze kunyangwe ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni. Oku kwandisa ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya ezintsoni, okwenza kube lula ukucoca inkunkuma.
• Amayeza:
• I-Diuretics - isusa ulwelo olugqithisileyo emzimbeni.
• Amayeza okulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi.
• Amayeza e-Adrenergic - La aneziphumo ezifana ne-adrenaline (epinephrine) kwaye ngamanye amaxesha anceda ukwandisa ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya kwizintso.
• Ii-Corticosteroids - zinciphisa ukudumba kwizintso.
• Izandisi zomthamo weplasma - amayeza anceda ukubuyisela iplasma yegazi xa kulahleke igazi elininzi.
• Ukutshiza umchamo kwi-urethra: Ukuba kukho ukuvaleka kwe-urethra, kufakwa ityhubhu encinci ukunceda umchamo uphume kwizintso uye kwisinyi.
• I-Dialysis: Le nkqubo isetyenziselwa ukususa inkunkuma egazini ukuba izintso azisebenzi kakuhle. Oku kungenziwa okwethutyana okanye kwixesha elide.

Kuthekani ukuba ndine-Azotemia?

Ukuba isifo sifunyenwe kwangethuba kwaye sinyangwa ngokufanelekileyo, uninzi lwabantu lunokuphila. Ingakumbi ukuba ingxaki ebangela i-prerenal okanye i-postrenal azotemia iyalungiswa, izintso zinokuphila.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ayinyangwa, i-azotemia inokunyusa umngcipheko wokufumana ezinye izifo ezinzulu, ezifana nesifo sezintso esingapheliyo (CKD) , kwaye inokukhokelela ekufeni. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela isicwangciso sonyango esinikwa ngugqirha wakho ngokuchanekileyo.

Ngaba i-Azotemia ingathintelwa?

Ewe, unokunceda ekuthinteleni uphuhliso lwe-azotemia ngokunyamekela izintso zakho nangokulandela la macebiso:

• Sebenzisa amayeza athile ngononophelo:Amanye amayeza, anjengee-nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (umz., ibuprofen), amanye amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane (umz., ipenicillin, i-sulfonamides), kunye nezinye izongezo zezityalo, zingonakalisa izintso zakho ukuba uzithatha ngobuninzi. Musa ukuzithatha rhoqo ezi ziyobisi ngaphandle kokubonisana nogqirha wakho. Buza ugqirha wakho malunga nedosi ekhuselekileyo kuwe.
• Nyanga ukopha: Ukuba ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya kwizintso kuyancipha, i-azotemia yangaphambi kwezintso inokukhula. Ukuba kukho inxeba, faka ibhandishi uze uliqinise ngokuqinileyo. Ukuba kukho inxeba elinzima, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.
• Zihlolele isifo sezintso: Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onesifo sezintso, kungcono ukubuza ugqirha wakho ukuba usemngciphekweni na. Abantu abanesifo seswekile kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kufuneka bahlolwe izintso zabo rhoqo.
• Kuphephe ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni: Umntu omdala kufuneka asele malunga neeglasi ezisi-8 zamanzi (iilitha ezi-2-3) ngosuku. Umchamo wakho kufuneka ucace okanye ube mthubi okhanyayo. Ukuba kumnyama, kufuneka usele amanzi amaninzi. Sela amanzi amaninzi, ingakumbi ngeentsuku ezishushu naxa uzilolonga.
• Lawula indlela osela ngayo utywala: Utywala bungonakalisa izintso zakho kwaye buchaphazele ukuhluzwa kwegazi. Bunokubangela nokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni. Abafazi kufuneka basele ngaphantsi kwesiselo esinye ngosuku. Amadoda kufuneka asele ngaphantsi kwesibini.
• Yitya ukutya okunempilo okufanelayo: Yitya iziqhamo, imifuno, kunye neenkozo ezininzi. Nciphisa ukutya ityuwa (isodium). Ukutya ityuwa eninzi kunokubangela uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, olunokuchaphazela izintso zakho, kwaye lonyuse umngcipheko wakho wokuba namatye.
• Zilolonge rhoqo: Kufuneka uzilolonge ubuncinane imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku, iintsuku ezi-5 ukuya kwezi-7 ngeveki. Oku kunokunceda ekulawuleni isifo seswekile kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu.
• Yeka ukutshaya: Ukutshaya konakalisa imithambo yegazi. Kunokuchaphazela nokuhamba kwegazi ukuya kwizintso.

Ndingazinyamekela njani?

Ugqirha uza kudala isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo kuwe. Oku kungabandakanya amayeza, utshintsho kwindlela ophila ngayo, okanye kwanenkqubo yezonyango. Oku kuquka nokusela amayeza akho ngononophelo, ukuphepha ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, kunye nokuzilolonga rhoqo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngokuchanekileyo.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba ugqirha ukuxilonga ukuba une-azotemia, hlala udibana nogqirha wakho rhoqo. Kwakhona, bonana nogqirha wakho ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho kwiimpawu zakho okanye ukuba uqalisa ukuba neentlungu ezintsha. Xelela nogqirha wakho ukuba kukho naziphi na iimpawu ezidweliswe apha ngasentla eziqalayo.

Ndingaya nini kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (i-ETU) ?

Ukuba ufumana iimpawu zokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso, yiya kwigumbi longxamiseko ngoko nangoko. Iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Ubungakanani bomchamo odlulisiweyo buncitshiswe kakhulu okanye abukho kwaphela.
• Ukudumba, ingakumbi emaqatheni nasezinyaweni.
• Ukuva incasa yesinyithi emlonyeni.
• Ukudinwa kakhulu.
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza.
• Urhudo.
• Intlungu zesisu.
• Ukuxhuzula.
• Ukulahlekelwa yingqondo (coma).

Ngamaxesha anje, ukufumana unyango olukhawulezileyo kunokusindisa ubomi.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha?

Kungcono ukubuza le mibuzo xa ubona ugqirha:

• Uyazi njani ukuba ndine-Azotemia?
• Ukuba andinayo i-Azotemia, yeyiphi enye imeko endinayo?
• Zeziphi iimvavanyo ozenzayo ukuze ufumanise i-Azotemia?
• Luhlobo luni lwe-azotemia endinalo? Yintoni ebangela oko?
• Ucebisa luphi unyango?
• Zithini iingozi okanye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango olucebisayo?
• Luhlobo luni lonyango oluza kundinceda emva konyango?
• Ingaba izintso zam zonakele ngonaphakade?
• Ungandithumela kwingcali yezifo zengqondo?
• Zeziphi iinguqu ekufuneka ndizenze kwindlela enditya ngayo nendlela endiphila ngayo?

Umyalezo Wokugqibela Wokuya Ekhaya

I-Azotemia yimeko eqhelekileyo apho inkunkuma iqokelelana egazini lakho. Oku kwenzeka xa izintso zakho zonakaliswe kukwenzakala okanye ukugula kwaye zingakwazi ukusebenza kakuhle.

Ekubeni kungekho zimpawu, usenokungazi nokuba unale meko. Kunokuba yinto eyoyikisayo ukufumanisa ngequbuliso into efana nale. Nangona kunjalo, oogqirha banokwenza uvavanyo lokufumana unobangela kwaye bakunike unyango olungcono. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo okanye iinkxalabo onazo. Baza kuphendula imibuzo yakho, bakunike inkxaso oyifunayo, kwaye bakucebise ngendlela engcono yokunyanga i-Azotemia kunye nendlela yokunyamekela izintso zakho. Ngoko ke ungoyiki, landela icebiso elifanelekileyo lezonyango. Ukufunyanwa kwangoko kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo kunokukhusela izintso zakho.

I- Azotemia, Izintso, Inkunkuma Yegazi, I-BUN, I-Creatinine, Isifo Sezintso, I-Nitrogen