Ingaba ingxelo yebele lakho ithi (BI-RADS)? Uyazi ukuba yintoni leyo? Makhe sithethe ngeenkcukacha!

Xa wenze i-ultrasound, i-mammogram, okanye i-MRI yebele lakho, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ubone into ebizwa ngokuba yi-BI-RADS kwingxelo. Okanye ugqirha wakho kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukuxelele ngayo. Ngoko ke, kubantu abaninzi, oku akuqhelekanga, ngoko banokudideka kancinci baze babuze, "Yintoni le BI-RADS?" Ungakhathazeki, masithethe ngayo ngokulula nangokucacileyo.

Yintoni i-'BI-RADS'? Kutheni isetyenziswa?

Ngamafutshane, i-`BI-RADS` sisifinyezo samagama esiNgesi athi "Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System" . NgesiSinhala, ithetha into efana ne-"Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System". Le yinkqubo ebaluleke kakhulu. Kuba, kungekuphela nje eSri Lanka, kodwa kwihlabathi liphela, iingcali ze-radiology (oko kukuthi, oogqirha abenza iiskeni ezifana ne-`(Ultrasound)`, `(Mammogram)` kunye nokuhlalutya iziphumo zabo) basebenzisa le nkqubo ukurekhoda ulwazi kwiingxelo zakho zovavanyo lwebele.

Khawucinge nje, ubunokuhlolwa i-mammogram kwenye indawo, omnye umntu akwenze kwenye indawo. Bekuya kuba nzima kangakanani ukuba wonke umntu ebengathethi ngaloo miphumo ngendlela efanayo, ngolwimi olunye? Le nkqubo ye-BI-RADS iye yaziswa njengesisombululo saloo ngxaki.

Bekukho izizathu ezibini eziphambili zokwazisa le nkqubo:

1. Ukunika ingxelo ngendlela efanayo: Misela indlela eqhelekileyo yokuba iingcali ze-radiology zibike iziphumo ezivela kuvavanyo lwamabele. Oku kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba wonke umntu, nokuba uphi na emhlabeni, uyayiqonda indlela efanayo ulwazi. Oku kuya kunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokungaqondani.

2. Yenza kube lula ukuqonda umngcipheko womhlaza webele: Ukubonisa umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza webele ngendlela elula kuwe nakwabanye oogqirha abakunyangayo ukuba bawuqonde.

Usenokungaluboni uphawu lwe-`(BI-RADS)` ngqo kwirekhodi yakho yezonyango ye-elektroniki (`(Irekhodi Yezonyango Ye-elektroniki)`). Nangona kunjalo, ngokuqinisekileyo lukhona kwirekhodi kagqirha wakho. Ungabuza ugqirha wakho ukuba loluphi uphawu lwe-`(BI-RADS)` lwakho kwaye luthetha ukuthini. Eli lilungelo lakho.

Zithini iindidi ze-'BI-RADS'? Athini amanqaku akho?

Iindidi ze-BI-RADS zihlala zibalwa ukusuka ku-zero (0) ukuya kwisithandathu (6). Le yindlela efanayo esetyenziswayo nokuba loluphi uvavanyo lwebele olufunyenweyo (iMammogram, iUltrasound, iMRI). Nangona kunjalo, ngokuxhomekeke kumanqaku e-BI-RADS owafumanayo, unyango lwakho lokulandelela lunokwahluka. Umzekelo, ukuba uneMammogram kwaye ufumana amanqaku e-BI-RADS, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa enye iMammogram, iUltrasound, iMRI, okanye iBiopsy (isampulu encinci yezicubu iyasuswa ukuze ivavanywe).

Makhe sibone ukuba ithini na nganye kwezi ndidi:

• `BI-RADS 0`: Ayigqitywanga
• Oku kuthetha ukuba uvavanyo alunakufikelela kwisigqibo esipheleleyo kwaye kufuneka ulwazi oluthe kratya. Kungafuneka ukuthelekisa iingxelo zangaphambili ze-`(Mammogram)`, okanye ungacelwa ukuba wenze imbono ezithile ze-`(Mammogram)` okanye iimvavanyo ze-`(Ultrasound)`. Oku akuthethi ukuba kukho into engalunganga, kuthetha nje ukuba akukho lwazi lwaneleyo.

• `BI-RADS 1`: Imbi
• Le yeyona miphumo ilungileyo! Oku kuthetha ukuba akukho maqhuqhuva okanye utshintsho olukrokrisayo olufunyenweyo emabeleni akho. Yonke into iqhelekile. Kucetyiswa ukuba uhlolwe amabele rhoqo (`(Ukuhlolwa rhoqo)`) ngexesha elicwangcisiweyo.

• `BI-RADS 2`: Ukufumanisa Okulungileyo
• Oku kukwangumphumo omhle. Oku kuthetha ukuba nokuba kukho into efunyenweyo ebeleni (umzekelo, i-cyst egcwele ulwelo, iqhubu elingelona umhlaza elifana ne-fibroadenoma), ayilomhlaza kwaye ayisiyongozi . Akukho nto yokukhathazeka ngayo nokuba kukho izinto ezinjalo. Kule meko, kukwacetyiswa ukuba ujonge amabele ngexesha eliqhelekileyo.

• `BI-RADS 3`: Mhlawumbi i-Benign, icetyiswa ukuba ilandelelwe ngexesha elifutshane
• Oku kuthetha ukuba oku kufunyanisiweyo akunakwenzeka ukuba kube ngumhlaza nge-98%, oko kuthetha ukuba kusenokwenzeka ukuba akunabungozi . Nangona kunjalo, ukuze uqiniseke nge-100%, kucetyiswa ukuba wenze olunye uvavanyo (iMammogram okanye i-Ultrasound) kwiinyanga ezi-6. Oku kukujonga ukuba oku kufunyanisiweyo kuyatshintsha okanye kuya kuba kukhulu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Uninzi lwexesha, ezi zinto zihlala zifana okanye ziyanyamalala. Ngoko ke ungakhathazeki.

• `BI-RADS 4`: Ukungaqhelekanga Okurhanelekayo, iBiopsy Kufuneka Iqwalaselwe
• Olu luphawu olwenza abantu abaninzi babe nexhala. Oku kuthetha ukuba kukho ithuba lokuba oko kufunyenweyo ngexesha lovavanyo kunesifo somhlaza, ngoko ke kuyarhaneleka . Kodwa i-'BI-RADS 4' ayithethi ukuba kukho umhlaza. Umngcipheko womhlaza ungasukela kwi-2% ukuya kwi-95%. Ke ngoko, ugqirha unokucebisa i-'(Biopsy)', oko kuthetha ukuthatha iqhekeza elincinci lesicwili ulihlolisise, ukuze kufunyaniswe ukuba yintoni kanye kanye le nto ifunyenweyo.
• Udidi lwe-`BI-RADS 4` lwahlulwe ngokwamaqela amathathu (4A, 4B, 4C), nto leyo ebonisa umngcipheko ophantsi, ophakathi, nowonyukileyo kancinci womhlaza. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela okungakumbi ngale nto. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ungoyiki iziphumo zokuba ne-`(Biopsy)`, kodwa ukwenze uze ufumane ngokuqinisekileyo.

• `BI-RADS 5`: Ibonisa kakhulu ukuba kukho i-malignancy, i-biopsy iyacetyiswa kakhulu
• Oku kuthetha oko kufunyenweyo.Amathuba okuba nomhlaza (`(Malignancy)`) aphezulu kakhulu (ngaphezulu kwama-95%). Ke ngoko, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kwenziwe i-`(Biopsy)` ukuqinisekisa oku. Kubuhlungu ukufumana esi siphumo, kodwa kubalulekile ukwenza uxilongo oluchanekileyo kwaye uqale unyango ngokukhawuleza.

• `BI-RADS 6`: Ubungqina Bokuba I-Biopsy Inobungozi
• Olu didi lusetyenziswa kwiimvavanyo osele uzenze i-biopsy ukuqinisekisa ukuba unomhlaza webele kwaye unyangwa ngawo . Umzekelo, olu phawu lusetyenziswa kwiimvavanyo ezenziwa ngaphambi kotyando ukuze kubonwe ukuba umhlaza mkhulu kangakanani kwaye uza kusabela njani kunyango.

Inkqubo ye-BI-RADS yaqalwa ukuqaliswa ngo-1993 yi-American College of Radiology (ACR) ukuze kumiselwe iingxelo ze-mammography. Kamva yalungiselelwa i-MRI kunye ne-ultrasound. Yingakho iingcali ze-radiology kwihlabathi liphela zisebenzisa amagama afanayo xa zithetha ngovavanyo lwamabele.

Zithini iingenelo zenkqubo ye-`BI-RADS`?

Kukho iingenelo ezininzi eziphambili zale ndlela:

• Ukumisela imeko: Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, iingcali ze-radiology zonke zixela iziphumo ngendlela efanayo, zisebenzisa amagama afanayo. Oku kuhambelana kuphucula umgangatho weengxelo kwaye kunciphisa ukungaqondani. Nokuba usuka komnye ugqirha uye komnye, ingxelo kulula ukuyiqonda.
• Uvavanyo lomngcipheko: Indlela ethi `(BI-RADS)` inika uqikelelo oluqikelelweyo lomngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza webele. Oku kukunceda ucwangcise ukuba uvavanyo olulandelayo kufuneka lwenziwe nini (`(Ungxamiseko)`).
• Ukusebenza kakuhle: Ngokuhlela iziphumo zovavanyo ngale ndlela, iingcali ze-radiology azinyanzelekanga ukuba zichaze iziphumo zazo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ngalo lonke ixesha. Oku konga ixesha kwaye kwenza umsebenzi usebenze ngakumbi.

Khawucinge nje, ukuba ingxelo yakho ithi "BI-RADS 2", wena, ugqirha wakho wosapho, kunye nogqirha wakho womhlaza ( ukuba kuyimfuneko ) nonke ngequbuliso niyaqonda ukuba ithetha ukuthini. Leyo yeyona nto ilula kakhulu koku.

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iingxaki kwinkqubo ye-`BI-RADS`?

Nangona le yindlela eluncedo, inemida kunye neengxaki ezithile:

• Ukuqonda okuxhomekeke kwiziphumo zophando: Kukho ithuba elithile lokuba ugqirha we-radiologist agwebe kwaye afumane amava xa emisela udidi olusekelwe kwinto efunyenwe kwiskeni. Ukuba abantu ababini bajonga iskeni efanayo, kunokubakho umahluko omncinci kakhulu .
• Iziphumo ezingezizo: Nangona zinqabile kakhulu, iziphumo ezingezizo ezilungileyo zinokwenzeka.- Oko kukuthi, kunokubonakala ngathi akukho mhlaza - okanye unokuba neziphumo ezingezizo ezilungileyo - oko kukuthi, usenokungayiboni umhlaza nangona ukhona. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, kunokubangela ixhala elingeyomfuneko okanye kulibazise ukufunyaniswa komhlaza. Kodwa, khumbula, ezi azixhaphakanga kakhulu.
• Okungacacanga: Nangona le ndlela yokwahlulahlula iziphumo zovavanyo ichaza okufunyenweyo okukrokrisayo, iinkcukacha ezongezelelweyo malunga nokufunyenweyo okukrokrisayo (njengobungakanani bayo, imilo, indawo) azibonelelwa yileyibhile ethi ``(BI-RADS)`` kuphela. Ezi nkcukacha zidweliswe ngokwahlukeneyo kwingxelo.

Ngaba i-'BI-RADS' ingakwazi ukuxelela ngokuchanekileyo ukuba kukho umhlaza? Ngaba i-'BI-RADS 4' ithetha umhlaza?

Oku kukwayingxaki kubantu abaninzi. Inkqubo ethi ``BI-RADS'' ayiluhluli umhlaza (```Uhlu'') okanye ichaze inqanaba lomhlaza (```Isigaba''). Okukuphela kokwahlukileyo ludidi lwe ``BI-RADS 6''. Kuba kuthetha ukuba ubukho bomhlaza sele buqinisekisiwe yi ``Biopsy''.

Ezinye iindidi ze-"BI-RADS" (ingakumbi i-3, i-4, kunye ne-5) zibonisa kuphela amathuba okuba nomhlaza . Umzekelo, i-"BI-RADS 3" ithetha ukuba oku kufunyenweyo akusoyikisi, kodwa kufuneka uphinde uhlolwe kwakhona kwiinyanga ezi-6-12.

Ngoku umbuzo obaluleke kakhulu: Ngaba i-`BI-RADS 4` ithetha umhlaza?

Hayi. I-'BI-RADS 4' ayithethi ukuba unomhlaza. Ithetha ukuba kukho into engaqhelekanga okanye ekrokrisayo kwiziphumo zovavanyo lwakho, ngoko ke kuyacetyiswa ukuba u-'(Biopsy)' ukuze ufumane ukuba yintoni kanye kanye. Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wamabele kudidi lwe-'BI-RADS 4' unokwahluka ukusuka kwi-2% ukuya kwi-95%. Oku kuthetha ukuba xa u-'(Biopsy)' ugqityiwe, kuqinisekiswa ukuba awungomhlaza kubantu abaninzi. Ke ngoko, musa ukudimazeka okanye woyike xa ubona i-'BI-RADS 4'.

Kuqhelekile ukuziva udidekile kwaye unemibuzo emininzi xa ubona iziphumo zovavanyo ezingaqhelekanga. Ingakumbi xa kunzima ukuqonda ukuba yintoni ekwingxelo yovavanyo. Kulapho ke inkqubo ethi ``(BI-RADS)`` ingena khona. Izise umgangatho wamagama namabinzana avela kwingxelo yakho yovavanyo lwebele. Oku kukunika ukuqonda okucacileyo koko ingcali ye-radiologist icinga ngako ngeziphumo zovavanyo lwakho.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka siyifunde koku (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngoko ke, ngokwezinto esithethe ngazo, ezi zezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule:

• `(BI-RADS)` yinkqubo yokubonisa iziphumo zeengxelo zovavanyo lwamabele (`(Mammogram)`, `(Ultrasound)`, `(MRI)`) ngendlela eqhelekileyo.
• Oko kuya kukunika umbono ocacileyo womngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza.
• `(BI-RADS)` inamanqaku ukusuka ku-0 ukuya ku-6. Ayizizo zonke amanqaku ezithetha ukuba kukho umhlaza.
• I-'BI-RADS 1` kunye ne-'2` ziziphumo ezilungileyo, akukho nto ifanele ixhalabise ngayo.
• `BI-RADS 0` kuthetha ukuba kufuneka ulwazi oluthe kratya.
• ``BI-RADS 3`` ithetha ukuba mhlawumbi ilungile, kodwa kuya kufuneka uphinde uyijonge emva kwexesha elithile.
• I-'BI-RADS 4` okanye i-'5` ithetha ukuba iyarhaneleka, ngoko ke kufuneka kwenziwe i-'(Biopsy)`. I-'BI-RADS 4` ayithethi ukuba ngumhlaza.
• I-'BI-RADS 6' luphawu olusetyenziswa kumntu osele esazi ukuba unomhlaza.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho malunga nophawu lwe-"BI-RADS" kunye nokuba luthetha ukuthini kwimeko yakho, nokuba uvavanywe amabele anjani na. Bangaphendula nayiphi na imibuzo okanye iinkxalabo onokuba nazo.

Kuqhelekile ukuba nexhala kwaye uxhalabele naziphi na iziphumo zovavanyo ozifumanayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukwazi ulwazi olufanelekileyo kunye nokulandela iingcebiso zikagqirha wakho kuya kukunceda wenze izigqibo ezilungileyo malunga nempilo yakho.

Umhlaza webele , i-BI-RADS, i-mammogram, i-ultrasound, i-MRI, i-breast scan, umngcipheko womhlaza