Njengoko ujonge umntwana wakho osandul’ ukuzalwa, ngaba wakha waphawula ukuba umzimba wakhe utyheli kancinci? Ngokwesiqhelo, uninzi lweentsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa ziba nesifo senyongo esincinci kwiveki yokuqala okanye ezimbini, esihlala siphela emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa. Kodwa ngaba wakha wazibuza ngombala wendle yomntwana wakho? Ngamanye amaxesha ibukeka imhlophe okanye ingwevu? Ukuba ubona zombini ezi zinto kunye, musa ukukhohliswa ucinge ukuba kuqhelekile. Kuba inokuba luphawu lwemeko embi ebizwa ngokuba yiBiliary Atresia, esithetha ngayo namhlanje.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni iBiliary Atresia?
Cinga ngesibindi esisemzimbeni wethu njengomzi-mveliso omncinci. Lo mzi-mveliso uvelisa ulwelo olubizwa ngokuba yi-"bile" njengemveliso yenkunkuma. Le nyongo ihamba ukusuka esibindini ngenkqubo entle kakhulu yeetyhubhu (ii-bile ducts) ize iphele ikwithumbu lethu elincinci. Inyongo inemisebenzi emibini ephambili. Omnye kukunceda ukususa inkunkuma engafunekiyo emzimbeni. Omnye kukunceda ukugaya ukutya esikutyayo, ingakumbi amafutha, kunye nokufunxa izondlo ezifunwa ngumzimba wethu.
I-Biliary Atresia yimeko apho umbhobho othambileyo othwala inyongo uvalekile okanye ungakheki kakuhle xa uzalwa. Oku kuthetha ukuba inyongo eveliswa esibindini ayinandlela yokuphuma, endaweni yoko ivaleka ngaphakathi esibindini. Oku kufana nokuvala yonke indlela yokulahla inkunkuma kwisixeko. Yonke inkunkuma iqokelelana ngaphakathi kwisixeko, kwaye isixeko sonke siyatshatyalaliswa. Xa inyongo ivaleka ngaphakathi esibindini, iqala ukonakalisa kakhulu isibindi.
Esi sisifo esibi kakhulu esichaphazela iintsana ezincinci kwiinyanga zazo zokuqala. Ukuba asinyangwa ngokukhawuleza, sinokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwisibindi kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwesibindi.
Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Isayensi yezonyango iphucuke kakhulu ngoku. Ukuba le meko ifunyenwe kwangethuba, utyando lunokudala indlela entsha yokuhamba kwenyongo. Yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uqaphele ezi mpawu.
Ziziphi iimpawu eziphambili ze-Biliary Atresia?
Ezi mpawu zihlala ziqala ukubonakala kwiiveki ezimbalwa emva kokuzalwa komntwana. Njengabazali, kufuneka niyiqwalasele le nto.
| Uphawu | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Ukutyheli kolusu namehlo (i-Jaundice) | Olu luphawu oluphambili nolokuqala. Ulusu lomntwana kunye namehlo amhlophe ajika abe tyheli. Nangona i-jaundice iqhelekile kwiintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa, luphawu olulumkisayo ukuba luhlala ixesha elingaphezu kweeveki ezimbini. |
| Indle emdaka | Olu luphawu olubaluleke kakhulu. Indle idla ngokuba nombala otyheli, omdaka, okanye oluhlaza ngenxa yendle. Ngenxa yokuba indle ayifikeleli emathunjini, indle yomntwana inombala ongwevu okhanyayo, ongwevu, okanye ofana nodongwe. Oogqirha babiza ezi "ndle ze-acholic." |
| Umchamo omnyama | Njengoko inyongo, eqokelelana esibindini, ingena egazini ize ihluzwe ngezintso, umchamo womntwana uba nombala otyheli okanye o-orenji omnyama. |
Ezinye iimpawu ezibonakala ngokuhamba kwexesha
Xa umntwana wakho efikelela kwiiveki ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-10 ubudala, ezi mpawu zinokubonakala:
- Ulusu olurhawuzelelayo: Ukuqokelelwa kwenyongo emzimbeni kunokubangela ukurhawuzelela okukhulu kolusu.
- Ukukhala rhoqo nokucaphuka: Ngenxa yokungakhululeki emzimbeni, umntwana usenokucaphuka aze akhale rhoqo.
- Ukungaphumeleli ukukhula: Ngaphandle kwenyongo, ukutya akugaywa kakuhle, ngoko ke umzimba awufunxi izondlo. Ngenxa yoko, umntwana akatyebi kakuhle.
- Ukudumba kwesisu: Isibindi sonakele kwaye isisu siqala ukugcwala lulwelo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba isisu siphume size sidumbe.
Kutheni i-Biliary Atresia isenzeka?
Abazali abaninzi banemibuzo efana nale, "Kutheni oku kwenzeke kumntwana wethu?" "Ngaba senze into engalunganga?" Abaphandi abakaqiniseki ngokupheleleyo ukuba yintoni ebangela oku.
Nangona kunjalo, ingcinga ephambili kukuba le meko ibangelwa kukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo zomzimba okwenzeka ngexesha lokwenziwa kwemibhobho yenyongo ngelixa umntwana esakhula esibelekweni sikanina. Into ebalulekileyo kukuba oku akuyonto izuzwe ngabazali kumntwana. Kwakhona, le meko ayibangelwa yinto oyenzileyo okanye oyithethileyo ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Ngoko ke ungakhathazeki ngayo okanye uzibeke ityala.
Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokwenzeka ukuba azinyangwa?
I-Biliary atresia yimeko efuna unyango olukhawulezileyo. Ukulibazisa unyango kunokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu.
- Ukonakala kwesibindi okungapheliyo (i-Cirrhosis):Ukugcinwa kwenyongo rhoqo kubangela ukuba iiseli zesibindi zife, isibindi senzakale, size sifane nelitye. Oku kunokukhokelela ekulahlekelweni ngokupheleleyo kokusebenza kwesibindi.
- Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu: Xa isibindi senzakele, ukuhamba kwegazi kuso kuyavaleka, nto leyo ebangela uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kwimithambo ethwala igazi liye esibindini.
- Ii-Ascites: Amanzi aqala ukuqokelelana kwisisu ngenxa yokungasebenzi kakuhle kwesibindi kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu lwe-portal.
- I-Hepatomegaly: Isibindi siyadumba size sikhule ngenxa yokuqokelelwa kwenyongo kunye nokwenzakala.
- IiVarices ze-Esophageal: I-Portal hypertension inokubangela ukuba imithambo ekwi-esophagus idumbe kwaye iqhume. Oku kunokubangela ukopha okukhulu ngaphakathi okunokuba yingozi ebomini.
Zonke ezi zinto zinokubangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwesibindi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uzibona kwangethuba iimpawu, ubone ugqirha, kwaye uqale unyango, uninzi lwezi ngxaki zinokuthintelwa.
Ungasixilonga njani esi sifo? (Ukuxilongwa)
Ukuba umntwana wakho une-jaundice kangangeeveki ezingaphezu kwezimbini, okanye ukuba ukrokrela ukuba indle yakhe imhlophe, bonana nogqirha wabantwana ngoko nangoko. Ugqirha uza kuqala amhlole umntwana wakho.
- Ukujonga ukuba ulusu namehlo anombala otyheli.
- Baza kujonga ngesandla ukuze babone ukuba isisu sidumbile okanye isibindi sikhulu.
Emva koko, kuyalelwa iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa isifo.
| Uvavanyo | Icacisiwe ngokulula |
|---|---|
| Uvavanyo lwegazi | Olu vavanyo lwenziwa ukujonga ukusebenza kwesibindi, ubungakanani be-bilirubin egazini (imbangela ye-jaundice), kunye nokuba isibindi sonakele na. |
| Iskeni ye-ultrasound yesisu | Oku kunceda ukubona imeko yesibindi, inyongo, kunye nemibhobho yenyongo ngaphandle. |
| Uvavanyo lwe-HIDA scan | Olu luvavanyo olukhethekileyo. Apha, kufakwa ulwelo olukhethekileyo (i-tracer) emzimbeni kwaye kusetyenziswa ikhamera ukujonga indlela oluhamba ngayo nenyongo evela esibindini. Ukuba inyongo ayingeni emathunjini, inokuqinisekisa ukuba umbhobho wenyongo uvaliwe. |
| Uvavanyo lwesibindi (uvavanyo lweqhekeza elincinci lesibindi) | Ukuba kuyimfuneko, kuthathwa iqhekeza elincinci kakhulu lesicwili esibindini kusetyenziswa inaliti encinci kakhulu kwaye ihlolwe phantsi kwemakroskopu. Oku kunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba kukho utshintsho oluthile kwiiseli zesibindi olunxulumene ne-biliary atresia. |
| I-Cholangiogram ye-Intraoperative | Olu luvavanyo olwenziwa ngexesha lotyando. Ugqirha ufaka idayi ekhethekileyo kwinyongo aze ayijonge nge-X-ray. Ukuba idayi ayidluleli emathunjini, kuqinisekisiwe nge-100% ukuba i-bile duct ivaliwe. Ukuba kunjalo, unyango lwenziwa ngexesha lotyando. |
Indlela yonyango: Inkqubo yaseKasai
Unyango oluphambili noluphambili lwe-Biliary Atresia yiKasai Procedure . Esi asisosifo esinokunyangwa ngamayeza.
Ngamafutshane, kolu tyando, ugqirha ususa umbhobho wenyongo ovalekileyo, athathe icandelo elincinci lamathumbu amancinci omntwana, aze alidibanise ngqo nesibindi. Oku kufana nokususa indlela ephukileyo aze enze 'indlela yokudlula' entsha endaweni yayo. Ngale ndlela intsha, inyongo eveliswa esibindini iqala ukugeleza ngqo emathunjini.
Okukhona olu tyando lusenziwa ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona iziphumo ziphumelela ngakumbi. Ingakumbi ukuba olu tyando lungenziwa ngaphambi kokuba umntwana abe neenyanga ezi-3 ubudala , kwaye ukuba kunokwenzeka kwinyanga yokuqala, amathuba okunciphisa umonakalo kwisibindi kunye nokufikelela kwiziphumo eziphumelelayo aphezulu kakhulu.
Emva kotyando, i-jaundice yomntwana iyaphela kancinci kancinci, umbala wendle ubuyela esiqhelweni, kwaye ubunzima bomntwana buqala ukwanda njengoko ukugaya ukutya kuphucuka.
Kodwa, ngaba utyando lwaseKasai lusisombululo esihlala sihleli?
Kwiimeko ezininzi, utyando lwaseKasai alusosisombululo sobomi bonke. Kuba kusenokwenzeka ukuba sele kukho umonakalo othile kwisibindi ngaphambi kotyando. Loo monakalo unokwanda kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Abantwana abaninzi abaye benza utyando lwaseKasai baya kufuna ukufakelwa isibindi ebuntwaneni okanye ebusheni. Kodwa oku akuyonto yokoyika. Namhlanje, ukufakelwa isibindi kuyaphumelela kakhulu. Ngale ndlela, umntwana unethuba lokuphila ubomi obusempilweni nobuhlala ixesha elide.
Nina, njengabazali, nimnyamekela njani umntwana wenu?
Xa ufumanisa ukuba umntwana wakho uneBiliary Atresia, ungaziva ngathi ihlabathi lakho lonke liyajika. Lixesha elinzima kakhulu. Kodwa awuwedwa. Iqela lezonyango liza kukuchazela yonke into kwaye likuncede.
- Isondlo Esikhethekileyo: Ukuqinisekisa ukuba umntwana ufumana isondlo esifanelekileyo, ugqirha uya kunika iifomyula ezikhethekileyo, iivithamini, kunye nezongezelelo ezongezelelweyo zesondlo.
- Ukuhlolwa kwezonyango ixesha elide: Umntwana kufuneka asiwe ekliniki ngemihla ebekiweyo. Ugqirha uza kujonga rhoqo ukukhula komntwana kunye nokusebenza kwesibindi.
- Iimpawu ekufuneka uziqaphele emva kotyando: Xa uzisa umntwana wakho ekhaya emva kotyando lokubeletha ngotyando, hlala ulumkele ezi mpawu.
- Ifiva
- Ukuba umzimba ujika ube tyheli kwakhona (i-jaundice)
- Ukuba indle iba mhlophe kwakhona okanye umchamo uba mnyama
Ukuba ubona into efana nale, fowunela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
- Cinga ngawe nawe: Uza kuziva udiniwe kakhulu engqondweni nasemzimbeni ngenxa yezi zinto. Cela uncedo kusapho nakubahlobo. Zinike ixesha lokuphumla nokulala. Kwakhona, ukuthetha nabanye abazali abanomntwana kuya kuba ngumthombo omkhulu wamandla kuwe.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukuba i-jaundice yosana olusandul’ ukuzalwa (ukutyheli) ihlala ixesha elingaphezu kweeveki ezimbini , musa ukuyithatha njengesiqhelo.
- Ukuba indle yomntwana wakho imhlophe, ingwevu, okanye inombala wodongwe , luphawu olubi kakhulu.
- Ukuba ubona uphawu olunye okanye zombini kwezi zingasentla, musa ukulibazisa kwaye ubone ugqirha wabantwana ngokukhawuleza.
- Kwimeko ye-Biliary Atresia, ukuxilongwa kwangoko kunye nokudluliselwa kwangoko kotyando (iNkqubo yaseKasai) kubaluleke kakhulu kwikamva lomntwana.
- Le meko ayibangelwanga yimpazamo yakho. Ayisosifo esidluliselwa kubazali kubantwana.
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