Bonke umama notata baziva bonwabile kakhulu xa befumanisa ukuba balindele umntwana . Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, kukho uloyiko oluncinci olufika engqondweni, akunjalo? Imibuzo efana nethi 'Ngaba umntwana uza kuba sempilweni?', 'Ngaba yonke into iza kulunga?' iyaqhubeka engqondweni yakho. Ingakumbi ukuba uhlobo lwegazi lakho 'lubi' kwaye uhlobo lwegazi lomyeni wakho 'lulungile', usenokuba ukhe weva ngento ebizwa ngokuba 'yi-Rh incompatibility'. Ukuva oku kunokukwenza woyike kancinci. Kodwa ungakhathazeki konke konke. Masithethe ngayo yonke into ngokulula nangokucacileyo namhlanje.
Yintoni i-Rh factor?
Kulungile, masiqale sijonge ukuba yintoni le Rh factor. Ilula kakhulu. Yiproteni ekhethekileyo kumphezulu weeseli zethu ezibomvu zegazi.
- Ukuba iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi zinale protein, uhlobo lwegazi lakho yiRh Positive (+) . Njengabantu abaninzi eSri Lanka, uhlobo lwegazi uninzi lwehlabathi luyiRh Positive.
- Ukuba awunayo le protein kwiiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi, uhlobo lwegazi lakho lune-Rh negative (-) .
Ingxaki inokuvela kuphela ukuba umama une-Rh Negative kwaye umntwana une-Rh Positive . Ukuba umama une-Rh Positive, akukho ngxaki nokuba umntwana uluhlobo luni na lwegazi. Ngokufanayo, ukuba umama nomntwana bobabini bane-Rh Negative, akukho ngxaki apho. Le meko ayilimazi impilo kamama. Isiphumo sisekumntwana.
Ukungahambelani kubangela njani ingxaki?
Kulula kakhulu ukuyiqonda le nto. Ngokwesiqhelo, ngexesha lokukhulelwa, igazi likamama nelomntwana alixubeki. Ligcinwa lahlulwe yi-placenta.
Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lokubeleka, ingakumbi xa i-placenta yahlukene, inani elincinci legazi lomntwana lingangena egazini likamama. Khawuthelekelele oku: umama une-Rh Negative. Oko kuthetha ukuba akanayo iproteni ye-Rh emzimbeni wakhe. Umntwana uzalwa ene-Rh Positive. Oko kuthetha ukuba umntwana uneproteni ye-Rh egazini lakhe.
Ngoku, xa igazi lomntwana eline-Rh positive lingena emzimbeni kamama, inkqubo yomzimba kamama yokuzikhusela ibona le protein ye-Rh njengomhlaseli wangaphandle noyingozi. Njengentsholongwane ebangela isifo. Emva koko umzimba kamama uqala ukwenza amajoni akhethekileyo, abizwa ngokuba yi-'antibodies', ukulwa nalo 'mhlaseli'.
Ekubeni kuthatha ixesha ukuba la ma-antibodies akhule, umntwana wokuqala akasoloko enzakala kuba le nkqubo iqala emva kokuba ezelwe.
Nangona kunjalo, ingxaki ivela ekukhulelweni okulandelayo. Umzimba kamama ngoku une -antibodies ezichasene negazi le-Rh. Ezi antibodies zinokuwela i-placenta zize zingene emzimbeni womntwana olandelayo.
Ukuba umntwana wesibini une-Rh Positive, la ma-antibodies avela emzimbeni kamama ahlasela iiseli ezibomvu zegazi lomntwana aze aqale ukuzitshabalalisa. Le meko siyibiza ngokuba yi-'Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn'.
| Uhlobo lwegazi lukamama | Uhlobo lwegazi lomntwana | Impembelelo |
|---|---|---|
| I-Rh Elungileyo (+) | I-Rh Elungileyo okanye i-Rh Engalunganga | Akhongxaki. |
| I-Rh Negative (-) | I-Rh Negative (-) | Akhongxaki. |
| I-Rh Negative (-) | I-Rh Elungileyo (+) | Ingxaki inokuvela (ingakumbi xa ukhulelwe okwesibini). |
Zithini iziphumo ezinokubakho kumntwana?
Ngenxa yokuba ii-antibodies zikamama zitshabalalisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zomntwana, umntwana unokuba neengxaki ezahlukeneyo zempilo.
- I-anemia : Umthamo wegazi lomntwana uyancipha ngenxa yokutshatyalaliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi.
- I-Jaundice: Ulusu namehlo omntwana ajika abe tyheli ngenxa yento ebizwa ngokuba yi-bilirubin, ekhutshwa kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezonakeleyo.
- Iimeko ezimandundu: Kwiimeko ezimandundu kakhulu, amalungu omntwana, njengentliziyo nesibindi, angonakala, aze umntwana ade afe esibelekweni.
Oku kuyoyikisa ukuva. Kodwa iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba le meko ingathintelwa ngempumelelo enkulu.
Isisombululo: Isitofu sokugonya i-Anti-D (RhoGAM)
Ngokuhambela phambili kwesayensi yezonyango, ngoku kukho isisombululo esisebenzayo kakhulu kule ngxaki yokungahambelani kwe-Rh. Loo nto yi -Anti-D immunoglobulin.Olu gonyo lwaziwa kakhulu ngegama lophawu elithi `RhoGAM`.
Ngamafutshane, ugonyo lwe-Anti-D luyayicima kwaye 'luyihlambe' nayiphi na iiseli zegazi ezibomvu ze-Rh-positive ezinokuthi zingene emzimbeni kamama zisuka kumntwana osesibelekweni ngaphambi kokuba inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba kamama 'ivuke'. Oku kuthintela umama ekubeni avelise ii-antibodies eziyingozi.
Olu gonyo lunikwa ngokweshedyuli ethile.
1. Malunga neeveki ezingama-28 zokukhulelwa: Phantse bonke oomama abangenayo i-Rh banikwa i-Anti-D vaccine ngeli xesha. Oku kwenzelwa ukuthintela ithuba elincinci kakhulu lokudibana kwegazi ngandlela thile ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
2. Kwiiyure ezingama-72 emva kokubeleka: Ukuba uhlobo lwegazi losana olusandul’ ukuzalwa luqinisekisiwe ukuba lune-Rh Positive, umama uya kunikwa olunye utyando lwe-Anti-D.
3. Kwezinye iimeko: Olu gonyo luyimfuneko emva kwaso nasiphi na isiganeko apho igazi lomntwana linokungena emzimbeni kamama, njengokuphuphuma kwesisu, ukukhulelwa kwetyhubhu, ukukhupha isisu, okanye i-amniocentesis.
Ii-antibodies ezikule gonyo aziweli kwi-placenta kwaye azilimazi umntwana. Ke ngoko, zikhuselekile kakhulu.
Ezinye izinto ezimbalwa ekufuneka uzikhumbule
Uhlobo lwegazi lomntwana luchongwa njani?
Ukuba une-Rh Negative, umntwana wakho ngokuqinisekileyo uza kufumana ilifa le-Rh Negative kuwe. Nokuba umntwana une-Rh Positive okanye Negative kuxhomekeke kwi-gene ezuzwe nguyise.
- Ukuba utata une -Homozygous Positive (oko kuthetha ukuba wafumana ii-genes ze-Rh Positive kubazali bakhe bobabini), umntwana naye uya kufumana i-gene entle kuye. Ngoko ke , umntwana uya kuba ne-100% Rh Positive.
- Ukuba utata une -Heterozygous Positive (oko kuthetha ukuba une-gene enye elungileyo kunye ne-gene enye engalunganga), umntwana unethuba elingama-50% lokufumana i-gene elungileyo kunye nethuba elingama-50% lokufumana i-gene engalunganga. Oku kuthetha ukuba umntwana unethuba elingama-50% lokuba ne-Rh Positive.
Ekubeni ezi ngxaki zemfuza zinzima kancinci, ungathetha nogqirha wakho ukuze akucacisele ngakumbi oku.
Iingcamango ezingachanekanga nenyaniso
Abanye abantu basenokoyika isitofu se-Anti-D kuba senziwe ngegazi. Kodwa ezi zenziwa emva kokuba zicociwe kakuhle kwaye zingqinwe zikhuselekile. Kwakhona, unokuva amabali anje, "Umhlobo wam wayeneentsana ezimbini eziphilileyo ze-Rh Positive ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-Anti-D." Ewe, oku kunokwenzeka rhoqo. Kodwa kufana nokuthatha umngcipheko ongeyomfuneko, njengokutsiba esitalatweni ngaphandle kokukhangela iimoto ezizayo.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukulandela icebiso elichanekileyo lezonyango ngaphandle kokudala uloyiko olungeyomfuneko ngale nto.Ugqirha wakho uza kukwenza zonke iimvavanyo ezifunekayo, akunike ugonyo lwe-Anti-D xa kuyimfuneko, aze akukhokele ukuze wena nomntwana wakho nihlale nikhuselekile.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukuba uhlobo lwegazi lakho lune-Rh Negative kwaye uhlobo lwegazi leqabane lakho lune-Rh Positive, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba unyamekele unyango olukhethekileyo ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
- Ukukhulelwa kokuqala kudla ngokuba kukhuselekile. Umntwana olandelayo one-Rh positive usengozini enkulu yokuba neengxaki.
- Le meko ingathintelwa ngempumelelo nangokukhuselekileyo nge-Anti-D (RhoGAM) vaccine.
- Kubalulekile ukufumana olu gonyo kwiiveki ezingama-28 zokukhulelwa kwaye zingadlulanga iiyure ezingama-72 emva kokubeleka ukuba unomntwana one-Rh positive.
- Thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho malunga nemibuzo, uloyiko, okanye amathandabuzo onawo ngale nto. Ukufumana ulwazi olufanelekileyo yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokunciphisa uloyiko olungeyomfuneko.
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