Ngaba kukho ukungalingani okuncinci phakathi kwamehlo akho nengqondo yakho? Masifunde ngeBinocular Vision Dysfunction (BVD)!

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uphathwa ziintloko ezibuhlungu? Okanye ngaba uziva ngathi imigca yesicatshulwa iyatsiba okanye ubona izinto ezimbini ngaxeshanye xa ufunda incwadi okanye iphephandaba? Okanye ngaba amehlo akho ngamanye amaxesha aziva ediniwe kwaye esinda? Esinye sezizathu zezi zinto sinokuba yingxaki encinci ngokulungelelaniswa kwamehlo akho nengqondo yakho. Siza kuthetha ngemeko enjalo namhlanje. Ibizwa ngokuba yi-binocular vision dysfunction, okanye njengoko oogqirha beyibiza `(Binocular Vision Dysfunction - BVD)`.

Yintoni iBinocular Vision Dysfunction?

Ngamafutshane, iBinocular Vision Dysfunction (BVD) kuxa amehlo akho nengqondo yakho zingasebenzi kunye kakuhle. Xa oku kusenzeka, asiboni ihlabathi njengomfanekiso omnye, ocacileyo. Asisosifo esinye, sinjengesambrela. Kunokubakho iimeko ezahlukeneyo phantsi kweso sambrela. Nganye kwezo meko inokuba nezizathu zayo ezizodwa.

Xa sijonga ngamehlo omabini, iliso elinye lithumela imiqondiso embalwa eyahlukileyo engqondweni, kwaye elinye iliso lithumela imiqondiso embalwa eyahlukileyo. Kulapho umbono we-binocular uqala khona. Kukho amanqanaba amathathu aphambili ombono we-binocular:

1. Ukuqonda iMacular : Embindini we-retina ngaphakathi kweliso lakho kukho inxalenye ebizwa ngokuba yi-macula . Oku kusenza sikwazi ukubona izinto phambi kwethu, ingakumbi iinkcukacha ezincinci. Ukuqonda iMacular kuthetha ukuba omabini amehlo anokubona into enye ngokucacileyo. Eli lelona nqanaba lilula lokubona i-binocular.

2. Ukudibana : Kulapho ingqondo yakho isebenzisa khona imiqondiso evela emehlweni omabini ukwenza imifanekiso emibini eyahlukeneyo, ize "izidibanise", idibanise iindawo ezifanayo ukuze yenze umfanekiso omnye omkhulu. Cinga ngayo njengokuncamathisela imifanekiso emibini kunye.

3. I-Stereopsis : Eli lelona nqanaba liphezulu lokubona ngeliso le-binocular. Oku kuthetha ukuba ingqondo yakho inokwenza okungaphezulu kokudibanisa nje imifanekiso emibini. Isebenzisa umahluko omncinci kwii-engile kunye nemigama amehlo akho abona ngayo izinto ukuze ikunike umbono we-3D kunye nokuqonda okunzulu . Le yindlela esazi ngayo ukuba into ikude kangakanani kwaye inzulu kangakanani.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko `(BVD)`?

Kukho izifo ezininzi phantsi kwegama elibanzi elithi ``BVD''. Nangona ezininzi zingaqhelekanga kakhulu, ezinye zixhaphakile kakhulu. Umzekelo oyintloko ``iliso elivilaphayo'' okanye, ngokwezonyango, ``i-amblyopia'' . E-United States kuphela, phakathi kwezigidi ezi-6 ne-13 zabantu abanengxaki yesi sifo. Kukho abantu abanale meko eSri Lanka.

Zithini iimpawu ze-BVD?

Ingqondo yakho isebenzisa umbono we-binocular ukudala okanye ukuxhasa ezinye iinkqubo kunye nezakhono. Ezinye zazo zinokubonakala ngathi azinxulumananga namehlo, kodwa i-BVD inokuphazamisa nayiphi na kwezi nkqubo. Ezinye zeziphumo zincinci, ngoko azibangeli ngxaki ingako. Kodwa ezinye zinokuphazamisa kakhulu, ngamanye amaxesha ziphazamise umsebenzi wakho okanye izinto ozithandayo.

Iziphumo ezinxulumene nentlungu

Xa une-BVD, amehlo akho kunye nengqondo kufuneka zisebenze nzima ukuze zilungelelanise kwaye zibuyisele ilahleko. Olu xinzelelo longezelelweyo lunokubangela ukuba izihlunu ezijikeleze amehlo akho zibe nzima. Oku kunokubangela ukuqina kwentloko yakho nentamo, okunokubangela iintloko ezibuhlungu . Iimeko ezibuhlungu ezinokwenzeka nge-BVD ziquka:

• Intlungu yamehlo.
• Uxinzelelo lwamehlo (i-asthenopia).
• Intloko ebuhlungu.
• Intlungu xa ushukumisa amehlo.

Iziphumo ezinxulumene nombono

Iingxaki zokubona zinokubangelwa yi-BVD okanye zibangelwe yi-BVD. Ngamanye amaxesha kunzima ukufumanisa ukuba ezinye iingxaki zibangelwa yi-BVD okanye ukuba ezinye iingxaki zibangela i-BVD. Iingxaki zokubona ezinokubakho nge-BVD ziquka:

• Umbono ofipheleyo, umbono ongacacanga.
• Ukubona izinto ezimbini ngaxeshanye (diplopia) .
• Uloyiko lokukhanya (photophobia).
• Ukubona izinto ngokucacileyo ngokungathi zijikelezwe zizithunzi.
• Ubunzima bokubona (ukugxila) izinto ezikufutshane ngokucacileyo.
• Ukuncipha kokubona ebusuku (`nyctalopia`).
• Ubunzima bokujonga izikrini zekhompyutha kunye nezikrini zefowuni (`i-computer vision syndrome`).
• Ubunzima bokubona okanye ukubona izinto ezincinci, ezingacacanga, okanye ezikude.

Ezinye iziphumo ezingahambelani nombono, kodwa ezivakalayo

Ezi zinxulumene nezinye izivamvo, kodwa ukubona kuyanceda koku. Umzekelo omhle kukulinganisela komzimba wakho. Oku kuvela ikakhulu endlebeni yakho yangaphakathi. Kodwa ulwazi oluvela emehlweni akho lukwanceda nezinzwa zokulinganisela endlebeni yakho. Umzekelo, ukuba ufunda incwadi ngelixa uqhuba, abanye abantu baziva befuna ukuhlanza ngenxa yokungalingani. Nazi ezinye zeziphumo ezinokubakho nge-BVD:

• Iingxaki ngokulinganisela komzimba.
• Iingxaki zokulungelelanisa (ingakumbi ukulungelelanisa isandla neliso). Umzekelo, ukuba nobunzima bokubamba ibhola okanye ukuphosa isitshixo.
• Ukuziva udidekile (Ukudideka).
• Ukuba nesiyezi okanye ukuziva ukhathazekile.
• Sele eza kuwa.
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza xa useluhambeni (isicaphucaphu sokuhamba).
• Ubunzima bokuhamba emgceni othe tye, ukungqubana rhoqo nefenitshala kunye neengcango.
• Ukuziva ngathi uyajikeleza nangona umile ungashukumi (vertigo).

Iziphumo ezinxulumene nokufunda

Ezi ziphumo zinokubonakala xa ufunda. Ebantwaneni, oku kunokubonakala njengokukhubazeka kokufunda okufana ne-dyslexia.Ootitshala abaqeqeshwe ukuchonga ubunzima bokufunda banokukubona oku ebantwaneni. Kodwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba oku kungenxa ye-``(BVD)`` okanye enye into, kuthatha iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo. Iziphumo ekufundeni:

• Ukuziva udiniwe emehlweni.
• Ukutsiba imigca okanye amaphepha rhoqo xa ufunda (oku kuquka ukufunda ngento efana ne-bookmark okanye umnwe).
• Kufuneka uyifunde izihlandlo ezininzi ukuze uyiqonde kakuhle, kwaye nangona kunjalo kunzima ukuyiqonda.
• Ukuvula indlela yemigca xa ufunda.
• Uludwe olude lwamanani (ingakumbi elinye elinenani elifanayo eliphindaphindwayo) kunzima ukulifunda, kuba alubonakali ngokucacileyo ngaphandle kophawu olufana nekoma.
• Amagama abonakala enamathelene.

Iziphumo zengqondo

Konke oku kwenzeka kuba iingxaki zokubona zenza kube nzima kuwe ukujongana neemeko okanye iindawo ezithile. Imizekelo:

• Ukuphepha iindawo ezixineneyo, kuba uya kuziva uxinezelekile, uxhalabile kwaye usoyika.
• Ubunzima bokuhlala kwiindawo ezikhanyayo nezinemibala eqaqambileyo, ezifana neevenkile ezinkulu kunye neevenkile ezinkulu.
• Uloyiko olungaqhelekanga lweendawo zikawonke-wonke okanye iindawo ezinkulu/ezivulekileyo (`agoraphobia`).
• Ukuziva usoyika okanye uxhalabile ngemisebenzi enokubonwa ngabanye, njengokuqhuba okanye ukudlala imidlalo, okanye enokuba yingozi.
• Ubunzima bokujonga emehlweni xa uthetha ubuso ngobuso.

Kutheni le nto `(BVD)` isenzeka?

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinto ezinokubangela okanye ezinegalelo kwi-BVD:

• Iingxaki zamehlo.
• Iingxaki zamehlo.
• Iingxaki zobuchopho.
• Iingxaki ezibangelwa kukudibana kwezinto ezininzi (ii-multi-factor).

Iingxaki zokubona

Olu hlobo lubandakanya utshintsho olubonakalayo okanye ukuphazamiseka kwindlela amehlo akho ajonga ngayo ukukhanya kwi-retina. Umzekelo, iimpazamo zokuchasana nokukhanya:

• Ubunzima bokubona kufutshane njengoko ukhula (i-presbyopia).
• Ukwaphuka kwentliziyo.
• Ukubona kude (izinto ezikude zicacile, izinto ezikufutshane azicacanga - `hyperopia`).
• Ukubona okukufutshane (izinto ezikufutshane zicacile, izinto ezikude azicacanga - `myopia`).

Iingxaki zamehlo

Oku kubhekisa kutshintsho kwindlela amehlo akho ahamba okanye asebenzisana ngayo. Umzekelo, iimeko apho amehlo angahambelani kakuhle. I-Strabismus (amehlo anqamlezileyo) kunye ne-amblyopia (iliso elivila) zimizekelo emibini eqhelekileyo yoku.

Iingxaki ze-neurological

Ezi ziingxaki zenkqubo yemithambo-luvo. Zingabandakanya iingxaki zokusebenza kwezinye zemithambo-luvo ezilawula intshukumo yamehlo, okanye iingxaki ngendlela esebenza ngayo i-retina kunye nemithambo-luvo ye-optic. Zingabandakanya neengxaki zengqondo yakho engakwaziyo ukucubungula ulwazi olulufumana ekuboneni kwakho ngokufanelekileyo.

Kukho iimeko ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ezinokubangela oku. Imizekelo embalwa:

• Iimeko ezithile zobuchopho, umzekelo i-migraines okanye i-stroke.
• Iimeko ezithile zemithambo-luvo, umzekelo, i-sixth nerve palsy.
• Iimeko ze-neurological, umzekelo, i-Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

I-BVD ibangelwa kukudibana kwezinto ezininzi.

Ezinye iimeko azinakubekwa nje kolunye lwezi ndidi zingasentla. Endaweni yoko, zinokubangela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeengxaki.

Ukulimala entloko, ingakumbi oko kukwingqondo (ukungqubana okanye ukwenzakala kwengqondo okubuhlungu - iiTBI), ngumzekelo woku. Abantu abaye benzakala entloko banokuba neengxaki zokulungelelana kwamehlo kunye nendlela ingqondo ecwangcisa ngayo ulwazi oluvela embonweni. Omnye umzekelo yi-vestibular migraines. Ezi zinokuchaphazela ngequbuliso umbono wakho, ibhalansi, kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo.

Kwakhona, umntu unokuba neemeko ezininzi ezibangela i-BVD. Umzekelo, umntu ozelwe ene-amblyopia (iliso elivilaphayo) unokuba nestroke xa emdala. Nangona ezi meko zimbini zenzeka ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo ebomini, zombini zinokubangela i-BVD kamva ebomini.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ze-`(BVD)`?

Kukho iingxaki ezininzi ezinokubakho nge-BVD. Kuxhomekeke ekubeni yintoni ebangele oko, ukuba kwenzeke nini ebomini bakho, kunye nezinye iimeko zempilo onazo. Ugqirha wakho wamehlo ngumntu ongcono ukukuxelela ngeengxaki ezinokubakho ezinxulumene nemeko yakho.

`(BVD)` kunye nokulahleka kokubona okunokuthintelwa

Abantwana banokuba nengxaki enkulu nehlala ihleli ebizwa ngokuba yi-"lazy eye" (amblyopia), ewela phantsi koluhlu lwe-"BVD." Ngethamsanqa, le ngxaki idla ngokuthintelwa ukuba iqatshelwe kwangethuba ukuze inyangwe.

Xa une-BVD, ingqondo yakho iba nobunzima bokudibanisa nokusebenzisa ulwazi oluvela emehlweni omabini. Xa oku kusenzeka ebantwaneni, iingqondo zabo ziqala ukuthembela kakhulu kwelinye iliso kunelinye. Xa oku kusenzeka, iliso elingasetyenziswayo liba buthathaka.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuze iindawo zengqondo yomntwana ezisebenza ngokubona zikhule ngokufanelekileyo, kufuneka afumane ulwazi olufanelekileyo kuzo zombini iiliso. Ukuba bayayeka ukusebenzisa iliso elinye ngenxa ye-amblyopia, loo ndawo yengqondo ayizukukhula ngokufanelekileyo. Endaweni yoko, ukungabikho kolwazi oluluncedo konakalisa unxibelelwano phakathi kweeseli zengqondo kuloo ndawo, ekugqibeleni luhlala luhleli. Yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kakhulu ukuchonga nokunyanga i-amblyopia, ingakumbi esemncinci.

Ifunyaniswa njani le meko `(BVD)`?

I-BVD idla ngokuchongwa ngugqirha wamehlo. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iimeko, ezifana ne-amblyopia, ziziswa kwiingcali zabantwana. Bayazichonga ngokwabo okanye bakuthumelele kugqirha wamehlo onokuyichonga aze ayinyange.

Uvavanyo lwamehlo oluqhelekileyoLe yeyona ndlela iluncedo kakhulu yokuxilonga i-BVD. Njengenxalenye yolu vavanyo, ukulungelelana kwamehlo akho kunye nombono wakho uphela kuyajongwa. Ezinye iimvavanyo zinokunceda ekuchongeni iingxaki ezithile ezinxulumene ne-BVD. Ugqirha wakho wamehlo ngumntu ongcono ukukuxelela ukuba zeziphi ezinye iimvavanyo abazicebisayo kunye nendlela ezinokunceda ngayo.

Inyangwa njani i-BVD?

Unyango lwe-`(BVD)` lunokwahluka kakhulu, njengoko kukho iimeko ezininzi ezinokubangela okanye ezinegalelo kuyo. Okusebenza kwezinye iimeko ezibangela i-`(BVD)` kusenokungasebenzi kwezinye (kwaye unyango olungalunganga lunokwenza imeko ibe mandundu).

Unyango lweengxaki zokubona nezamehlo luhlala lujolise ekulungiseni okanye ekunciphiseni ukungalungelelani kakuhle kwamehlo akho. Ezinye zezona ndlela zonyango zixhaphakileyo ziquka:

• Unyango lokubona : Oku kuya kukufundisa imithambo ethile yokuqinisa izihlunu zamehlo akho. Uya kufunda nezinto ongamele uzenze ukunceda amehlo akho ahlale endaweni yawo.
• Iilensi kunye neeprism zokulungisa : Ngamanye amaxesha iiglasi (kwaye, ezingaqhelekanga, iilensi zokunxibelelana) zinokunceda kwi-BVD. Zitshintsha indlela ukukhanya okungena ngayo elisweni, nto leyo enokunceda ezinye iintlobo ze-BVD.
• I-OnabotulinumtoxinA (Botox®) : Eli liyeza elithintela imiqondiso yemithambo-luvo kwimisipha elawula intshukumo yamehlo akho. Oku kunokunceda ukuba imisipha yakho ishukuma kakhulu kwelinye icala.

Zininzi ezinye iindlela zonyango, ingakumbi izifo zemithambo-luvo (BVD). Ingcali yakho yamehlo ingakuxelela ukuba loluphi unyango olucetyiswayo kuwe. Ingakuxelela nokuba zeziphi iziphumo okanye iinkxalabo onokuba nazo ngolo nyango, kunye nento onokuyenza ngazo.

Ndingalindela ntoni ukuba ndine-`(BVD)`?

Oko unokukulindela xa une-BVD kwahlukile njengeemeko ezinokubangela okanye ezinokubangela oko. Ugqirha wakho wamehlo ngumntu ongcono ukukuxelela oko unokukulindela okanye omele ukukulindele. Banokukuxelela nokuba kuza kuhlala ixesha elingakanani, ukuba imeko yakho injani, kunye noko unokukwenza ukunceda ukuyilawula (ukuba kunokwenzeka okanye kuyimfuneko).

Ngaba i-BVD ingathintelwa?

I-BVD ayinakuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa kukho izinto ezimbalwa onokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba ivele, okanye ubuncinane ukuyithintela ukuba ingabi mandundu.

• Thintela ukwenzakala entloko namehlo : Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuthintela i-BVD ukuba ingenzeki ngenxa yokwenzakala emehlweni okanye entloko. Ukunxiba izikhuselo zamehlo, izigcina-ntloko, kunye neebhanti zokhuseleko (ezifana neebhanti zokhuseleko) kunokunceda kakhulu.
• Jonga amehlo akho rhoqo.: Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo rhoqo kufana nokuhlolwa kwamehlo akho. Kwanabo bangazidingiyo iiglasi okanye iilensi zokunxibelelana kufuneka bahlolwe amehlo kabini ngonyaka. Olu vavanyo lunokufumana iingxaki ezininzi ngaphambi kokuba ube neempawu. Kwakhona, ezinye zeengxaki abazifumanayo (ezifana neempazamo zokungahoyi) zinokubangela okanye zibangele i-BVD ekugqibeleni.
• Musa ukuzityeshela iimpawu zamehlo : Ukuba uneengxaki zamehlo ezincinci nezikhathazayo ebeziqhubeka iintsuku okanye iiveki ezimbalwa, musa ukuzityeshela. Zisenokuba ziimpawu zokuqala zengxaki efana ne-BVD. Umzekelo, ukubona ukuxinana kwamehlo, ukudinwa kwamehlo, okanye ukudinwa (ingakumbi ukuba ufunda kakhulu okanye ujonge isikrini sekhompyutha ixesha elide).

Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho oneemeko ezinokubangela i-BVD, kulungile ukuthetha nogqirha wamehlo ngayo. Bangakuxelela ukuba yintoni enye onokuyenza ukunciphisa ubunzima be-BVD, ukulibazisa ukuqala kwayo, okanye (ukuba kunokwenzeka) ukuyithintela.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha wam okanye ndifune ingcebiso kagqirha?

Iimeko ezininzi ezinokubangela i-"BVD" zinokuba zimbi okanye ziphazamise, kodwa uninzi lwazo azinabungozi. Nangona kunjalo, i-stroke kunye ne -transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) zizinto ezikhethekileyo kwaye zinokuba yingozi ebomini.

Istroke kunye nokuhlaselwa kwe-ischemic okuhamba kancinci (ii-TIA) ziimeko ezingxamisekileyo zonyango ezisongela ubomi. Ukuba ucinga ukuba usenokuba uhlangabezana neempawu zesilumkiso zestroke okanye i-TIA, fowunela u-911 (okanye inombolo yakho yengxamiseko yasekuhlaleni) ngoko nangoko.

Yeyiphi imibuzo endifanele ndiyibuze ugqirha wamehlo?

Usenokubuza ingcali yamehlo le mibuzo:

• Luhlobo luni lwemeko endinayo `(BVD)`, okanye yintoni ebangela oko?
• Ingakanani imeko yam `(BVD)`, kwaye ingaba ingaba mandundu?
• Ingaba imeko yam (i-BVD)` ifuna unyango? Ukuba kunjalo, loluphi unyango olucebisayo?
• Ngaba i-`(BVD)` inokunyangeka/iguqulwe?

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kombono weBinocular (BVD) luphawu lokuba kukho into echaphazela indlela amehlo akho asebenza ngayo kunye nengqondo yakho. Oku kuthetha ukuba awuboni ihlabathi njengomfanekiso omnye, ocacileyo. Uninzi lwezizathu azikho mbi kakhulu - ngaphandle kwestroke kunye nokuhlaselwa kwe-ischemic okuhamba kancinci (ii-TIA) (ezihlala zenzeka nezinye iimpawu ezicacileyo).

Kodwa, nangona kungengobungozi, i-BVD inokwenza kube nzima ukusebenza, ukonwabela izinto ozithandayo, okanye ukuchitha ixesha nabantu obathandayo. Ukuba uneempawu ze-BVD, musa ukuzamkela nje okanye uzame ukuhlala nazo. Ukubona ingcali yamehlo kunokukunceda ufumane unyango olunokubuyisela okanye lumise i-BVD.Emva koko ungaphila ngaphandle kwemiqobo ebonakalayo phakathi kwakho nezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu kuwe.

Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kombono we- binocular , i-BVD, iingxaki zokubona, ukubona kabini, iliso elivilaphayo, i-amblyopia, ukuxinana kwamehlo, iintloko ezibuhlungu, ukubona okufipheleyo