Xa usiya kugqirha, bakucela ukuba wenze izinto ezifana nengxelo yegazi, ingxelo yomchamo, akunjalo? Okanye bajonga uxinzelelo lwegazi (BP), ukubetha kwentliziyo yakho (isantya sentliziyo). Enyanisweni, kuzo zonke ezi zinto, ugqirha uzama ukufumana umbono ocacileyo wemeko engaphakathi emzimbeni wakho. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngezi ' biomarkers ' ezikhoyo emizimbeni yethu kwaye zisinika ulwazi oluxabisekileyo malunga nempilo yethu.
Zithini kanye kanye ii-biomarkers?
Ngamafutshane, i-biomarker yiyo nayiphi na into enokulinganiswa emzimbeni wakho. Zifumaneka egazini lakho, kwezinye izinto eziphuma emzimbeni (ezifana nomchamo), okanye kwizicubu zomzimba. Oogqirha ngamanye amaxesha bazibiza ngokuba "zii-Molecular markers" okanye "zii-Signature molecules".
Cinga ngayo njengemiqondiso ekwideshibhodi yemoto yakho. Njengokuba isibane 'sokujonga injini' sikhanya xa kukho ingxaki ngenjini, ezi biomarkers zisinika umkhondo, uphawu, malunga nemeko ethile yesifo, inkqubo engaqhelekanga, okanye inkqubo eqhelekileyo emzimbeni wethu. Kwakhona, ukuba unyangwa isifo esithile, oogqirha basebenzisa ezi biomarkers ukuze bafumane indlela umzimba wakho osabela ngayo kolo nyango.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili ze-biomarkers?
Ii-biomarkers zinokwahlulwa zibe ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Uhlobo ngalunye lubalisa ibali elahlukileyo ngomzimba wakho. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi ezi ntlobo ziphambili.
| Uhlobo lweBiomarker | Ithini loo nto? |
|---|---|
| Uxilongo | Ezi zinto zinceda ekuchongeni ukuba unesifo esithile na. Oku kuvumela ugqirha ukuba enze uxilongo oluchanekileyo. |
| Ukubeka iliso | Ezi zisetyenziselwa ukujonga imeko yakho ngokuhamba kwexesha (iiveki, iinyanga, okanye iminyaka) kwaye zibone ukuba iyaphucuka, iya isiba mandundu, okanye ihlala injalo . |
| Ukuqikelela kwangaphambili | Ezi zinceda ugqirha ukuba aqikelele indlela umzimba wakho oza kusabela ngayo kunyango oluthile. |
| Ukwamkeleka/Umngcipheko | Ezi zisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa umngcipheko wakho wokuba nesifo. Oku kungenziwa ngaphambi kokuba isifo singene emzimbeni wakho. |
| Ukuxela kwangaphambili | Emva kokuxilongwa, oku kunokukunika umfanekiso ocacileyo wokuba imeko yakho iza kuba njani kwixesha elizayo . |
Zeziphi iiBiomarkers esizaziyo?
Iimpawu zebhayoloji zingavakala njengegama ongalaziyo kuwe, kodwa sele uzazi ezininzi zazo.
Ezi ziimpawu zemihla ngemihla ezilula kakhulu:
- Uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi: Oku kuthetha lukhulu ngempilo yentliziyo yakho kunye nemithambo yegazi.
- Uvavanyo lwe-X-ray: Olu luvavanyo olubonisa ukuba kukho izinto ezifana nethambo elaphukileyo okanye usulelo lwemiphunga.
- Iziphumo ze-CAT scan: Ibonelela ngemifanekiso eneenkcukacha zezitho ezingaphakathi emzimbeni.
- I-Pulse: I-biomarker elula yokulinganisa izinga lokubetha kwentliziyo.
Kodwa ukongeza kwizinto ezilula ezifana nezi, kukwakho neentlobo ezintsonkothileyo ze-biomarkers ezivavanywa kwiilabhoratri.
- Uvavanyo lwelabhoratri egazini nakwizicwili: Umzekelo, uvavanyo lwegazi olubizwa ngokuba yi-HbA1c kumntu onesifo seswekile lunokubonisa ukuba amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakhe alawulwa kakuhle kangakanani kwiinyanga ezi-3 ezidlulileyo.
- Iimolekyuli ezivela kwiithumba: Ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza zikhupha iiproteni ezithile egazini. Ezi zinokulinganiswa ukunceda ekuxilongweni komhlaza.
Ngexesha lobhubhane we-COVID-19, sonke siye seva ngovavanyo lwe-`(PCR)`, akunjalo? Ikwangumzekelo omhle wovavanyo lwe-biomarker. Ikhangela iziqwenga zemfuza zentsholongwane emzimbeni wethu. Isetyenziselwa ukufumanisa kungekuphela nje i-COVID-19, kodwa nezinye izinto ezininzi.
Kutheni ii-biomarkers zibalulekile kuthi?
Ii-biomarkers azingomanani nje kuphela kwingxelo. Zinika oogqirha ulwazi oluninzi oluxabisekileyo malunga nempilo yethu. Zinceda ekulinganiseni umlinganiselo wendlela inkqubo emzimbeni esebenza ngayo ngokwesiqhelo okanye ngendlela engaqhelekanga.
Ingakumbi ekuxilongweni nasekunyangweni komhlaza
Xa kufikwa kumhlaza, ii-biomarkers zizixhobo ezibaluleke kakhulu. Ezi zinokuba ziiproteni, ii-genes, okanye ezinye izinto.
- Inceda ekufumaneni umhlaza kwangethuba: Ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza zinokufunyaniswa ngovavanyo lwe-biomarker ngaphambi kokuba kuvele iimpawu. Ukufumanisa umhlaza kwangethuba kuthetha ukuba amathuba okuba unyango luphumelele aphezulu kakhulu.
- Ubunzima bomhlaza bunokuqikelelwa: Iibhayomarker zinceda ugqirha aqonde ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani emzimbeni wonke kwaye ukwinqanaba elingakanani.
- Ikukhokela ekukhetheni unyango olufanelekileyo: Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Ezinye ii-biomarkers zinokukuxelela ukuba umzimba wakho uza kuphendula na kwiyeza elithile lokulwa nomhlaza (i-chemotherapy) okanye akunjalo. Emva koko ungakhetha unyango olukufaneleyo , uphephe amayeza angeyonto kwaye abangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.
- Ukulinganisa umngcipheko wokubuyela komhlaza: Ngamanye amaxesha, emva kokuba isisu esinomhlaza sisusiwe ngotyando, iiseli ezikuso ziyahlolwa kwaye kunikwa 'amanqaku omngcipheko wokubuyela kwakhona' ukuqikelela umngcipheko wokubuya komhlaza. Oku kunokuba luncedo kakhulu ekwenzeni izigqibo malunga nonyango lwexesha elizayo.
Olu vavanyo lwe-biomarker lomhlaza lubizwa ngamagama ahlukeneyo. Ukuba ingxelo yakho inala magama, oko kuthetha ukuba luvavanyo lwe-biomarker.
- Uvavanyo lwe-genomic
- Uvavanyo lweMolekyuli
- Uvavanyo lweempawu zethumba
- Ulandelelwano lwesizukulwana esilandelayo (NGS)
- Uvavanyo lweSomatic
Iimpawu zebhayoloji kunye nekamva lezonyango
Ukubaluleka kwee-biomarkers akupheleli nje kumhlaza. Abaphandi basebenzisa ii-biomarkers ukulinganisa indlela amayeza amatsha abachaphazela ngayo abantu xa besenza amayeza amatsha.
Ngokufanayo, kukho ithemba elikhulu kwii-biomarkers kwicandelo lempilo yengqondo (i-psychiatry). Uphando luyaqhubeka okwangoku ukuze kubonwe ukuba ii-biomarkers zingasetyenziselwa na ukuchonga izifo zengqondo (umz., ukudakumba) kunye nokufumanisa indlela abaguli abasabela ngayo kumayeza. Ukuba oku kuyaphumelela, kuya kwenzeka kwixesha elizayo ukuba kubonelelwe ngonyango lwengqondo olulungiselelwe umntu ngamnye , endaweni yokuba kusetyenziswe indlela "efanayo".
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Iimpawu zebhayoloji zizibonakaliso ezibalulekileyo zempilo yakho ezinokulinganiswa kwizinto ezifana negazi lakho, umchamo, kunye nezicubu zomzimba.
- Iimpawu zebhayoloji ziquka izinto ezilula ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nee-X-ray, kunye nezinto ezinzima ezifana novavanyo lwemfuza.
- Ezi zibaluleke kakhulu ekufumaneni isifo kwangethuba, ingakumbi umhlaza, ukujonga inkqubela yaso, nokukhetha unyango olukufaneleyo.
- Ukuba ugqirha wakho ucebisa uvavanyo lwe-biomarker, ungoyiki ukubuza ukuba kutheni. Soloko uxoxa ngeziphumo nogqirha wakho.
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