Ngaba uvavanyo lwakho lwegazi lubonisa "iiBlast Cells"? Masithethe ngale nto!

Ngamanye amaxesha ungabona into ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Blast Cells" kwingxelo yakho yegazi. Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive unexhala xa uyibona. Kwanokuliva igama elithi "blast" kunokuba yinto eyoyikisayo. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba ube nexhala, masithethe ngokufutshane malunga nokuba zeziphi kanye kanye ezi blast cells, kutheni zibalulekile emizimbeni yethu, kwaye kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ziyanda ngenani?

Zithini ii-blast cells? Ngaba yiloo nto kuphela ekufuneka uyazi?

Ewe, kubalulekile ukwazi oku. Ngamafutshane, ii-blast cells luhlobo lweeseli eziselula ezingavuthwanga, okanye ezingaphuhliswanga ngokupheleleyo, emzimbeni wethu. Ezi ziiseli ezivelisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli emzimbeni wethu. Kodwa ukuba ufumana ingxelo yelabhoratri ethi "blasts," kudla ngokuthetha iiseli zegazi ezingavuthwanga. Kuba iingcali zegazi kunye neengcali ze-oncology zisebenzisa izinto ezifana nenani leeseli ezivuthwayo egazini lakho ukufumanisa izifo ezithile ezinxulumene negazi, ezifana ne-acute leukemia.

Ukuba uneeseli ezingaqhelekanga ezimile okwesitho okanye inani eliphezulu lazo egazini lakho, oko kungaba luphawu lomhlaza wegazi. Yiyo loo nto kufuneka ukhathazeke ngale nto.

Ngoko ke, yintoni umahluko phakathi kweeseli ze-blood stem kunye neeseli ze-blast?

Oku kungabonakala kuyinkimbinkimbi kancinci, kodwa eneneni kulula kakhulu. Cinga ngako, la manqanaba omabini abalulekileyo ekuphuhlisweni kweeseli zethu.

Iiseli ze-Blood stem zifana neeseli zomama ezivelisa zonke ezinye iintlobo zeeseli.

Iiseli ze-Blost zikhula kwezi seli ze-stem. Zikwabizwa ngokuba ziiseli "zomnombo" okanye "ezingaphambi kwe-precursor". Oko kukuthi, zisigaba "sangaphambi" ngaphambi kokuba iseli ekhule ngokupheleleyo ikhule. Ngokungafaniyo neseli ye-stem, iseli ye-blast sele izimisele ukuba luhlobo oluthile lweseli. Kufana nokuya eyunivesithi ufunde izifundo eziqhelekileyo kuqala, uze ugxile kwicandelo elithile.

Zithini iingenelo zee-blast cells emizimbeni yethu?

Iseli yokuqhumisa linqanaba nje lokuqala lokwakheka kweeseli zegazi. Umzimba wakho uhlala usenza iiseli zegazi ezintsha (kunye neeseli zokuqhumisa) ukuze zithathe indawo yeeseli ezindala. Le nkqubo yokwakheka kwegazi ibizwa ngokuba yi-hematopoiesis . Oku kwenzeka uninzi lwexesha kumongo wakho wethambo .

Ngaphakathi kwi-bone marrow yakho, kukho i-stem cell eqhelekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-"hematopoietic stem cell" (HSC). Oku kubangela iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zee-blast cells:

• I-Myeloblast: Olu hlobo lweseli yokuqhuma luvela kwiIiseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi (umzekelo, iigranulocytes, iimonocytes, ii-neutrophils, ii-basophils, kunye nee-eosinophils), kunye neeplatelets ziyaveliswa.
• I-Lymphoblast: Olu hlobo lweseli yokuqhuma luvelisa ii-lymphocytes, uhlobo lweseli emhlophe yegazi.

Iiseli zegazi ezikhule ngokupheleleyo nezivuthiweyo ziyaphuma kumongo wethambo zize zihambe ngegazi lakho. Nangona kunjalo, iiseli zokuqhuma ezisakhulayo zifanele umongo wethambo lakho, kungekhona egazini lakho. Yiyo loo nto ingxelo yelabhoratri ebonisa iiseli zokuqhuma egazini lakho inokuba yingxaki.

Kutheni ezi seli zokuqhuma zisanda? Ngaba kukho into engalunganga?

Ukuba ingxelo yelabhoratri ibonisa ukuba unenani elikhulu leeseli eziqhumayo kumongo wakho wethambo okanye egazini, oko kungaba luphawu lomhlaza wegazi, njenge-leukemia. Ingakumbi ukuba iiseli zibonakala zingaqhelekanga xa zijongwa ngemakroskopu. Ngokwesiqhelo, yi-5% kuphela yeeseli zegazi ezipheleleyo kumongo wakho wethambo ekufuneka zibe ziiseli eziqhumayo. Akulunganga ukuba neeseli eziqhumayo egazini lakho konke konke.

Kukho izizathu ezininzi eziphambili zokuba kutheni iiseli zokuqhuma zanda:

• I-Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
• Isifo seMyelodysplastic (MDS)
• I-leukemia ye-myeloid engapheliyo (CML)
• I-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (YONKE)
• Ezinye izifo ezingezizo zomhlaza kunye nonyango

Makhe sijonge nganye kwezi nkcukacha zincinci.

Masifunde nge-Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

Amaxesha amaninzi, xa oogqirha bethetha ngee-blast cells, bathetha nge- acute myeloid leukemia (AML) . I-AML luhlobo lomhlaza oluhlaselayo kakhulu olusasazeka ngokukhawuleza. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufumanisa isifo kwaye uqale unyango ngokukhawuleza. Ukuvavanya ezi blast cells yindlela ebalulekileyo yokufumanisa isifo kwangethuba.

Kwi-AML, iiseli ezingaqhelekanga zokuqhuma ziqokelelana kumongo wakho wethambo zize ziphume ziye egazini lakho. Uninzi lwazo luhlobo lweeseli ezibizwa ngokuba yi-myeloblasts. Ezi zilungele ukuba ziiseli ezimhlophe zegazi (iigranulocytes) ngaphambi kokuba zibe ziiseli zomhlaza.

Ngenxa yokuba ezi seli ziqhumayo azikavuthwa kwaye aziqhelekanga, azenzi msebenzi uluncedo emzimbeni. Endaweni yoko, zithatha indawo eninzi kumongo wamathambo kangangokuba zithintela umzimba wakho ekwenzeni iiseli zegazi ezintsha nezisempilweni ozifunayo. Ngaphandle kweeseli zegazi ezivuthiweyo nezisebenza kakuhle, umzimba wakho awunakusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo.

Ukuba une-20% okanye ngaphezulu kwee-blast cells kwi-bone marrow okanye egazini lakho, luphawu lwe-AML.

Yintoni iMyelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS)?

I-Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) ikwaluhlobo lomhlaza wegazi. Okwenzekayo apha kukuba ii-blast cells azikhuli zibe ziiseli zegazi eziqhelekileyo. Amaxesha amaninzi, ezi blast cells ziyafa ngaphambi kokuba zikhule ngokufanelekileyo. Nangona zininzi kakhulu ii-blast cells, xa zimbalwa kakhulu iiseli ezivuthiweyo ezinokwenza umsebenzi wazo, iingxaki ezifana ne-anemia zinokubakho. Kwakhona, unokufumana usulelo rhoqo (ngenxa yokuba iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe ziphantsi) kwaye wophe okanye ukrazuke lula (ngenxa yokuba iiplatelets ziphantsi).

Ukuba uneeseli zokuqhuma eziphakathi kwe-5% kunye ne-20% kwi-bone marrow yakho, luphawu lwemeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-'MDS.' Malunga nama-30% abantu abane-'MDS' ekugqibeleni baya kuba ne-'AML.`

Masijonge neChronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML).

I-Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) ngumhlaza wegazi ohlala ixesha elide (ongapheliyo). Ikwabangela ukwanda kwenani leeseli zokuqhuma kwithambo okanye egazini. Oogqirha bahlula ubukhali bemeko ngokusekwe kwinqanaba leeseli zakho zokuqhuma:

• I-CML yeSigaba esingapheliyo: Ngaphantsi kwe-10% yeeseli ezisegazini lakho okanye kumongo wakho wethambo ziiseli eziqhumayo.
• I-CML yeSigaba esiKhawulezayo: Phakathi kwe-10% kunye ne-19% yeeseli egazini lakho ziiseli eziqhumayo.
• Isigaba se-Blast Phase CML (ingxaki yokuqhuma): Ngaphezulu kwe-20% yeeseli egazini lakho ziiseli zokuqhuma. Oku kufana ne-AML.

Yintoni i-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (YONKE)?

I-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza ebantwaneni. Kwi-ALL, umongo wethambo uvelisa iiseli ezingaqhelekanga (ezinomhlaza) ezibizwa ngokuba yi-lymphoblasts. Ezi seli ezingaqhelekanga zahlukana ngokukhawuleza kwaye zenze iikopi ezininzi zazo. Oku kwenza kube nzima ukuba umongo wethambo wenze iiseli eziqhelekileyo ezifunekayo emzimbeni wakho.

KUZO ZONKE, ubuncinane i-20% yeeseli zegazi ezikumongo wakho wethambo ziiseli eziqhumayo. Uninzi lwabantu abafunyaniswe benesifo (malunga ne-90%) nabo baneeseli eziqhumayo egazini labo.

Ngaba iiseli zokuqhuma zinganda ngenxa yezinye izizathu ezingezizo zomhlaza?

Ewe, oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Musa ukucinga ukuba umhlaza ngumphumo wengxelo yelabhoratri ebonisa iiseli zokuqhuma eziphezulu. Ezinye iimeko kunye nezizathu ezingezizo zomhlaza nazo zinokubangela ukwanda okwethutyana kweeseli zokuqhuma. Imizekelo ibandakanya:

• Usulelo olunzima: Ukuba umzimba wakho unesifo esinzima, njengosulelo olunzima (sepsis), iiseli eziqhumayo zingangena egazini.
• Unyango lwe-Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF): Ii-Blast cells zisenokubonakala egazini emva kokufumana uhlobo lwe-injection ebizwa ngokuba yi-G-CSF. Ezi injections zivuselela umongo wakho wethambo ukuba uvelise iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezininzi ukukukhusela kwiintsholongwane. Ezi zinokufuneka ukuba ufumana i-chemotherapy okanye ukuba une-white blood cell count ephantsi (neutropenia).
• Ukufakelwa kweeseli ze-stem: Ukuba ukhe wafakelwa iiseli ze-stem njengonyango lwengxaki yempilo, usenokuba nokwanda kweeseli eziqhumayo. Ukufakelwa kweeseli ze-stem kunokufuneka kwiimeko ezifana neengxaki zegazi, umhlaza, okanye izifo zokuzikhusela komzimba apho umzimba wakho ungakwazi ukwenza iiseli zegazi eziqhelekileyo.

Kodwa into ebalulekileyo kukuba, ngokungafaniyo neeseli zokuqhuma ezinxulumene nomhlaza, iiseli zokuqhuma ezibonwa kwezi meko zihlala zibonakala ziphilile phantsi kwemakroskopu. Zinokukhula zibe ziiseli zegazi eziqhelekileyo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, eli nani liyancipha.

Ulijonga njani ngokuchanekileyo inqanaba leeseli zokuqhuma? Ziziphi ezo zilingo?

Kukho iimvavanyo ezininzi ezibonisa amanqanaba eeseli zokuqhuma:

• I-Peripheral blood smear (PBS): Olu vavanyo lubonisa ukuba kukho ii-blast cells egazini lakho. Kwi-PBS, ingcali yezifo ijonga isampuli yegazi lakho phantsi kwe-microscope ukuze ibone ukuba kukho ii-blast cells ezininzi kakhulu okanye ukuba azibonakali zingaqhelekanga.
• Uvavanyo lwe-bone marrow: Uvavanyo lwelabhoratri olwenziwe emva kwe-bone marrow biopsy okanye i-aspiration lunokuchonga iiseli ze-blast kwi-bone marrow. Ezi zinokubandakanya uvavanyo olufana ne-flow cytometry, i-immunohistochemistry, okanye i-fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) ukujonga utshintsho lwe-genetic kwiiseli .
• Kusenokufuneka ukuba ube ne-complete blood count (CBC) enomahluko ukuze ujonge ukubala kweeseli zakho ezibomvu nezimhlophe zegazi kunye neeplatelet, njengoko inani leeseli zegazi eziphilileyo linokuncipha njengoko inani leeseli eziqhumayo lisanda.

Oogqirha bajonga iziphumo ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo kunye nezinto ngaphambi kokuba bafumanise imeko efana ne-leukemia. Abenzi zigqibo zinkulu ngokusekelwe kuvavanyo olunye kuphela.

Okokugqibela, izinto ezimbalwa ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukungaphakuzeli xa ubona igama elithi "blasts" kwingxelo yakho yelebhu.Liyinyaniso elokuba ukuba neeseli eziqhumayo egazini lakho kunokuba luphawu lwesifo esinzima. Kodwa kuxhomekeke kwimpilo yakho. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukwanda kweeseli eziqhumayo kuba yinto yexeshana. Inani liyehla ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ngamanye amaxesha, kunokuba luphawu lwento enzulu ngakumbi, njenge-acute leukemia. Ngugqirha wakho kuphela onokuchaza ngokuthe ngqo ukuba iziphumo zakho zithetha ukuthini kwimpilo yakho. Ngoko ke, ukuba unemibuzo, ungathandabuzi ukubuza ugqirha wakho.

Iiseli eziqhumayo , i-leukemia, umhlaza wegazi, umongo wamathambo, uvavanyo lwegazi, iiseli, impilo