Sonke sinegazi emizimbeni yethu, kodwa ubusazi na ukuba igazi lomntu wonke alifani? Njengeminwe yeminwe, iintlobo zethu zegazi zahlukile kwenye. Nokuba ufuna ukunikela ngegazi okanye ukufumana igazi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwegazi lakho. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngezi ntlobo zegazi, umahluko wazo, kunye nendlela ezichaphazela ngayo impilo yethu.
Ziziphi ezi ntlobo zegazi?
Ngamafutshane, uhlobo lwegazi lakho lumiselwa ziijini ozizuze kumama wakho nakutata wakho. Sonke sinezakhi ezifanayo ezisisiseko zegazi lethu. Oko kukuthi, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, iiplatelets, kunye nolwelo olubizwa ngokuba yiplasma olujikeleza kuzo.
Nangona kunjalo, kukho isizathu esiphambili sokuba iintlobo zegazi zahluke kumntu nomntu. Ezo ziintlobo ezikhethekileyo zeeproteni kumphezulu weeseli zethu ezibomvu zegazi. Kwizonyango, sizibiza ezi antigens . Kwakhona, kwinxalenye yolwelo yegazi, oko kukuthi, iplasma, kukho olunye uhlobo olukhethekileyo lweproteni, olubizwa ngokuba zii-antibodies .
Ngoko ke, uhlobo lwegazi lakho lumiselwa luhlobo lwee-antigens ezikumphezulu weeseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi kunye nohlobo lwee-antibodies ezikwigazi lakho.
Iindidi eziphambili zegazi kunye nomahluko wazo
Kukho iintlobo zegazi ezisi-8 eziqhelekileyo emhlabeni. Ezi zahlulwe zangamaqela ama-4 aphambili. Ziyi-A, B, AB kunye ne-O. Olu hlu lubizwa ngokuba yi-ABO system . Ukongeza, kukho enye into ebalulekileyo, eyi -Rh factor . Masijonge naleyo.
Inkqubo yeqela legazi le-ABO
Oku kugqitywa kukuba kukho na ii-antigens ezibizwa ngokuba yi-A kunye ne-B kumphezulu weeseli ezibomvu zegazi okanye hayi.
| Iqela leGazi | I-Antigen kwiiseli zegazi ezibomvu | I-Antibody kwiPlasma |
|---|---|---|
| Udidi A | Kukho i-antigen ye-A. | Kukho i-antibody B. |
| Udidi B | Ine-antigen ye-B | Kukho i-antibody A. |
| Udidi lwe-AB | Kukho zombini ii-antigens ze-A kunye ne-B. | Akukho zi-antibodies ze-A okanye ze-B |
| Udidi O | Akukho ma-antigens e-A okanye e-B | Kukho zombini ii-antibodies ze-A kunye ne-B. |
Yintoni i-Rh Factor?
Olu lolunye uhlobo lwe-antigen olufumaneka kumphezulu weeseli ezibomvu zegazi.
- Ukuba une -Rh factor egazini lakho, uhlobo lwegazi lakho "lulungile / +" . (Umzekelo: A+, B+, O+)
- Ukuba awunayo i-Rh factor egazini lakho, uhlobo lwegazi lakho "lubi / -" . (Umzekelo: A-, AB-, O-)
La maqela e-ABO kunye ne-Rh factor ziyadibana zenze iintlobo zegazi ezisi-8 eziphambili esizaziyo.
Ukunikela Nokwamkela Igazi - Kutheni Kubalulekile Ukufanisana?
Ngaphambi kowe-1901, oogqirha babecinga ukuba wonke umntu unohlobo olufanayo lwegazi. Ngenxa yoko, abantu abaninzi bafa ngenxa yokunikela ngegazi ngelo xesha. Kusemva koko apho isazinzulu esigama linguKarl Landsteiner safumanisa olu hlobo lwegazi.
Ukuba kuxutywe iintlobo ezimbini zegazi ezingahambelaniyo, ii-antibodies emzimbeni womntu ofumana igazi ziqala ukulwa negazi langaphandle. Oku kubangela ukuba iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zinamathele kwaye zijijeke. Oku kunokukhokelela kwimiphumo emibi kakhulu, enokuba yingozi, njengokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso. Ke ngoko, ukulinganisa uhlobo lwegazi kuyimfuneko xa kunikelwa naxa kufunyanwa igazi.
Igazi le-Type O negative (O-) libizwa ngokuba yi- "Universal Donor . " Oku kungenxa yokuba igazi le-type O alinazo ii-antigens ze-A, B, okanye ze-Rh, ngoko ke linokunikwa nabani na onesifo sohlobo lwegazi. Kwimeko engxamisekileyo, efana nengozi, xa kungekho xesha lokuvavanya uhlobo lwegazi lomguli, igazi le-type O lidla ngokunikezelwa.
Uhlobo lwegazi olune-AB positive (AB+) lubizwa ngokuba yi-"Universal Recipient".Okanye "ummkeli oqhelekileyo." Oku kungenxa yokuba igazi le-AB+ alinazo ii-antibodies ezichasene no-A okanye u-B, ngoko ke linokufumana iiseli ezibomvu zegazi kulo naluphi na uhlobo lwegazi.
Kule theyibhile, ungaqonda ngokulula ukuba ngubani onokunikela ngegazi kuye kwaye ngubani onokulifumana kuye.
| Uhlobo lwegazi lakho | Unganikela ngegazi. | Ungafumana igazi. |
|---|---|---|
| A+ | A+, AB+ | A+, A-, O+, O- |
| O+ | O+, A+, B+, AB+ | O+, O- |
| B+ | B+, AB+ | B+, B-, O+, O- |
| AB+ | I-AB+ kuphela | Zonke iintlobo zegazi |
| A- | A+, A-, AB+, AB- | A-, O- |
| O- | Zonke iintlobo zegazi (Umnikeli weLizwe liphela) | O- kuphela |
| B- | B+, B-, AB+, AB- | B-, O- |
| AB- | AB+, AB- | AB-, A-, B-, O- |
Kutheni uhlobo lwegazi lubalulekile ngexesha lokukhulelwa?
Le yingxaki ebalulekileyo kubantu abaninzi. Ingakumbi, ukuba uhlobo lwegazi lukamama aluna-Rh (Rh-) kwaye umntwana osesiswini ufumana uhlobo lwegazi kuyise kwaye une-Rh positive (Rh+), kukho amathuba okuba kubekho iingxaki ezithile.
Oku kwenzeka kuba umzimba kamama uyaziqonda iiseli zegazi ezibomvu ze-Rh+ zomntwana 'njengezasemzini' aze aqalise ukwenza ii-antibodies ezichasene nazo. Oku kunokuchaphazela ukukhulelwa kwesibini nokwesibini ngaphezu kokukhulelwa kokuqala. Ezi antibodies zinokutshabalalisa iiseli zegazi ezibomvu zomntwana.
Kodwa akukho nto yokoyika. Ngoku kukho izisombululo ezilungileyo zoku. Ugqirha wakho uza kujonga uhlobo lwegazi lakho kwangethuba xa ukhulelwe. Ukuba une-Rh-, uza kunikwa isitofu esibizwa ngokuba yi-Rh immunoglobulin (RhIg) ngamaxesha athile ukuthintela ukwenzakala komntwana.
Ngaba kukho unxibelelwano phakathi kohlobo lwegazi nezinye izifo?
Mhlawumbi ukhe weva amabali afana nokuthi “Abantu abanolu hlobo lwegazi banamathuba amaninzi okugula” kunye nokuthi “Abantu abanolo hlobo lwegazi basempilweni.” Olunye uphando lufumanise ukuba abantu abanohlobo lwegazi u-A, u-B, okanye u-AB banamathuba amaninzi okufumana izifo ezifana nesifo sentliziyo, kodwa oku akuyonto ibalulekileyo.
Khumbula, uhlobo lwegazi lakho alukugulisi. Luphenjelelwa zezinye izinto ezininzi, ezifana nendlela ophila ngayo, indlela otya ngayo, umthambo, kunye nembali yesifo kusapho lwakho. Akukho hlobo lwegazi "olungcono" okanye "olubi" kunolunye. Yinto nje esiyizuz’ ilifa, njengombala wamehlo okanye ubude.
Kwakhona, abanye abantu bathetha "ngokutya kohlobo lwegazi." Kodwa akukho siseko sesayensi sale nto okwangoku. Ke ngoko, ukutya ukutya okunesondlo kulungele wonke umntu.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Uhlobo lwegazi lakho lumiselwa ziijini ozizuza njengelifa kubazali bakho. Alunakutshintshwa.
- Xa unikela okanye umkela igazi, ukufanisa iintlobo zegazi yindlela yokusindisa ubomi. Ukufumana igazi elingahambelaniyo kunokubulala.
- Kubalulekile ukufuna iingcebiso zonyango ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ingakumbi ukuba umama une-Rh- kwaye umntwana une-Rh+. Ngoku kukho unyango olusebenzayo loku.
- Igazi le-Type O negative (O-) "ngumnikeli wendalo yonke" onokunikela kuye nabani na. Igazi le-Type AB positive (AB+) "ngummkeli wendalo yonke" onokufumana igazi kuye nabani na.
- Akukho gazi "lisempilweni" okanye "elibi" kunelinye. Ngoko ke musa ukoyika ngokungeyomfuneko uhlobo lwegazi lakho.
- Ukuba awazi uhlobo lwegazi lakho, kufanelekile ukubuza ugqirha wakho ngalo mba xa unikela ngegazi.
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