Ngaba ukhathazekile ngentlungu engapheliyo okanye ukudumba kwethambo kwindawo ethile emzimbeni wakho, mhlawumbi engalweni, emlenzeni, okanye kwenye indawo? Usenokoyika. Sonke siyathuthumela kancinci xa sisiva igama elithi "umhlaza wamathambo." Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba soyike, masithethe ngale meko ngokulula. Ukwazi yonke into ngokuchanekileyo kuya kusinceda sisuse uloyiko olungeyomfuneko.
Yintoni kanye kanye umhlaza wamathambo?
Ngamafutshane, umhlaza wamathambo kuxa iiseli emathanjeni akho ziqala ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye zingalawuleki. Le yindlela umhlaza okhula ngayo naphi na emizimbeni yethu.
Kodwa kufuneka siqonde into ebalulekileyo apha: Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zomhlaza wamathambo.
1. Umhlaza weThambo oPhambili: Oku kuthetha ukuba umhlaza uqala kwiiseli zamathambo . Esi sisifo esingaqhelekanga. Simalunga ne-1% yazo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza ezixeliweyo kwihlabathi liphela.
2. Umhlaza weBone weSibini okanye iMetastatic: Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo . Oku kuxa umhlaza oqala kwenye indawo emzimbeni (njengebele, imiphunga, okanye iprostate) kamva usasazeka uye emathanjeni.
Ngoko ke uyabona, xa usithi umhlaza wamathambo, akufuneki ukuba uqale emathanjeni. Kwiimeko ezininzi, unokuvela kwenye indawo.
Iintlobo eziphambili zomhlaza eziqala emathanjeni
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza wamathambo oyintloko. Ezi zahlukile enye kwenye kwaye zichaphazela amaqela ahlukeneyo eminyaka. Makhe sijonge iintlobo eziphambili.
| Uhlobo lomhlaza | Ngoobani abachaphazeleka kakhulu? | Amanqaku abalulekileyo |
|---|---|---|
| I-Osteosarcoma | Ixhaphake kakhulu ebantwaneni nakubantu abancinci abaphakathi kweminyaka eli-10-19 ubudala. | Ingakhula ize isasazeke ngokukhawuleza. Idla ngokuvela emathanjeni amade edolweni okanye egxalabeni. |
| I-Chondrosarcoma | Ixhaphakile kubantu abadala abaneminyaka engaphezu kwama-40 ubudala. | Iqala kwiiseli ze-cartilage. Ikhula kancinci. Umngcipheko wokusasazeka uphantsi. |
| I-Ewing's Sarcoma | Ixhaphakile kubantwana nakubantu abancinci abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-19 ubudala. | Oku kunokukhula ngokukhawuleza. Kuqheleke kakhulu kwi-pelvis, emilenzeni, okanye kwiimbambo. |
| I-Chordoma | Ixhaphakile kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwama-50 ubudala. | Olu hlobo lungaqhelekanga kakhulu. Luvela kumqolo okanye kwisiseko sentloko. Kunzima ukunyanga kuba lunokusasazeka lula ukuya engqondweni nakwithambo lomqolo. |
Masifunde nangee-Benign Bone Tumors
Ukuba nje "unethumba" ethanjeni akuthethi ukuba ngumhlaza. Kukwakho neethumba ezingenamhlaza, ezingenabungozi. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba ziiBenign Bone Tumors . Ezi zihlala zibonakala kubantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-30 ubudala, ingakumbi abantwana kunye nabantu abadala abancinci abanamathambo asakhula. Nangona ezi thumba zinokuba buhlungu ngamanye amaxesha, azisasazeki kwezinye iindawo zomzimba. Ke ngoko, azithathwa njengomhlaza.
Zithini iimpawu zomhlaza wamathambo?
Ngamanye amaxesha umhlaza wamathambo unokubakho ngaphandle kweempawu. Ngamanye amaxesha ufunyanwa ngengozi xa kuthathwa i-X-ray ngesizathu esithile. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba iimpawu ziyenzeka, ezi zezona ziphambili zibonwayo.
- Intlungu yamathambo engapheliyo: Olu lolona phawu luqhelekileyo. Ekuqaleni, intlungu isenokufika iphele, kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha, inokuba yinto eqhubekayo nenzima. Kwezinye iintlobo zomhlaza (ezifana ne-Ewing sarcoma), intlungu iba mandundu ebusuku.
- Ukudumba okanye iqhuma: Indawo yentlungu ingaqala ukudumba, okanye isenokuvakala ngathi yiqhuma elinokubanjwa esandleni.
- Ukuqhwalela: Ukuba unomhlaza ethanjeni emlenzeni wakho, kusenokufuneka uhambe uqhwalela.
- Ukuphuka kwethambo okungalindelekanga: Ukuba ithambo liyaphuka ngaphandle kwengozi enkulu, njengokuwa okuncinci, kusenokwenzeka ukuba kungenxa yokuba amathambo abuthathaka ngenxa yomhlaza.
- Ukuqina kwamalungu:Ukuba umhlaza ukufutshane nelungu, kunokuba nzima ukugoba okanye ukolula elo lungu.
- Umkhuhlane ongachazwanga: Umkhuhlane ongapheliyo.
- Ezinye iimpawu: Ukudinwa kunye nokwehla kobunzima kunokubonwa ukuba umhlaza usasazekile.
Iithumba zomqolo ezifana ne-chordoma zinokuchaphazela inkqubo yemithambo-luvo. Umzekelo, iimpawu ezinjengokubona kabini, ukungavisisani kobuso, okanye ubunzima bokulawula ukuchama/ukuphuma kwesisu zinokubakho.
Ugqirha usifumanisa njani esi sifo?
Xa usiya kugqirha oneempawu ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, uza kulandela amanyathelo aliqela ukuze afumanise ukuba unesifo.
1. Uvavanyo lwezonyango: Okokuqala, uza kubuzwa ngeempawu zakho kwaye umzimba wakho uza kuhlolwa.
2. I-X-reyi: Olu luvavanyo lokuqala oluqhutywayo. I-X-reyi inokujonga naziphi na iingxaki okanye iithumba emathanjeni.
3. Ezinye iiskeni: Ukuba kukho into ekrokrisayo kwi-X-ray, olu hlobo lweeskeni lusetyenziselwa ukufumana iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe.
- I-CT Scan: Ii-X-ray zisetyenziselwa ukuthatha imifanekiso yomzimba enqamlezileyo.
- I-MRI Scan: Isebenzisa intsimi yemagnethi ukuvelisa imifanekiso ecacileyo neneenkcukacha.
- I-Bone Scan: Kufakwa inani elincinci lezinto ezine-radioactive emzimbeni ukuze kukhangelwe iingxaki emathanjeni.
- I-PET Scan: Oku kunceda ekufumaneni ukuba kukho na iiseli zomhlaza emzimbeni.
4. I-Biopsy: Olu luvavanyo olwenziwa ukuqinisekisa isifo nge-100% . Okwenziwayo apha kukuthatha iqhekeza elincinci kakhulu lesicubu kwithumba uze ulihlole phantsi kwe-microscope. Oku kunokukuxelela ngqo ukuba ithumba linomhlaza okanye akunjalo, ukuba lingumhlaza, loluphi uhlobo, kwaye likhula ngokukhawuleza kangakanani. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba olu vavanyo lwenziwe yingcali yomhlaza wamathambo egxile kumhlaza wamathambo.
5. Uvavanyo lwegazi: Amanqanaba ee-enzyme ezithile (i-ALP, i-LDH) anokunyuka kumhlaza wamathambo. Oku kusetyenziswa njengesikhokelo sokuxilongwa.
Zithini iindlela zonyango?
Unyango lomhlaza wamathambo luxhomekeke kwizinto ezahlukeneyo, kuquka uhlobo lomhlaza, indawo okuyo, umlinganiselo osasazeke ngawo (inqanaba), ubudala bomguli, kunye nempilo iyonke. Ngokwesiqhelo, kusetyenziswa indibaniselwano yonyango olunye okanye ngaphezulu.
Utyando
Unyango oluphambili kuninzi lomhlaza wamathambo lutyando . Injongo kukususa ngokupheleleyo ithumba elinomhlaza. Ugqirha ususa ithumba kunye nezinye izicwili eziphilileyo ezijikeleze lona.
- Utyando Lokusindisa Amalungu: Nanini na xa kunokwenzeka, oogqirha bazama ukusindisa ilungu/umlenze ngokususa kuphela inxalenye yethambo enomhlaza baze bayitshintshe nge-prosthesis yesinyithi okanye iqhekeza lethambo elithathwe kwenye indawo.
- Ukunqunyulwa kwelungu: Ukuba umhlaza mkhulu kakhulu, okanye usasazeke kwimithambo yegazi ebalulekileyo kunye nemithambo-luvo, ilungu lisenokungakwazi ukusindiswa. Kwimeko ezinjalo, inxalenye yelungu ingafuneka isuswe.
Unyango ngamakhemikhali
Oku kuquka ukunika umzimba amayeza abulala iiseli zomhlaza. I-chemotherapy ibaluleke kakhulu kwiimhlaza ezifana ne-osteosarcoma kunye ne-Ewing's Sarcoma. Ngamanye amaxesha olu nyango lunikwa ngaphambi kotyando ukuze kuncitshiswe ithumba kwaye kubulawe naziphi na iiseli ezinokushiyeka emva kotyando.
Unyango lweMisebe
Oku kuquka ukusebenzisa imitha enamandla aphezulu ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Olu nyango lusetyenziselwa ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza, ingakumbi i-Ewing's Sarcoma. Lukwasetyenziselwa nomhlaza ongasebenziyo.
Unyango olujoliswe kulo
Ezi zezona ntlobo zintsha zamayeza. La mayeza ajolise kwiijini ezithile okanye iiproteni ezichaphazela ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza, ngaphandle kokulimaza iiseli ezisempilweni eziqhelekileyo. Asetyenziselwa umhlaza ongaphenduli kakuhle kwi-chemotherapy, njenge-chordoma.
Ubomi kunye nokuvuselelwa emva konyango
Ukuvuselelwa komzimba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze uqhele ubomi obuqhelekileyo emva konyango. Ingakumbi ukuba ukhe watyandwa engalweni okanye emlenzeni, kufuneka uzilolonge ngoncedo lwengcali ye-physiotherapist kwaye ubuyisele ukusebenza kwaloo malungu. Nangona le yinkqubo enzima kwaye ithatha ixesha, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyenza ngaphandle kokuyitsiba.
Kwakhona, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha wakho rhoqo emva kokuba unyango lugqityiwe (iintlanganiso zokulandelelana) . Kuya kufuneka uhlolwe ubuncinci rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezi-3-6 kwiminyaka embalwa yokuqala. Oku kuya kukunceda uqonde ngokukhawuleza ukuba isifo siyabuya na.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Umhlaza wamathambo oyintloko yimeko engaqhelekanga kakhulu.
- Ukuba unentlungu engapheliyo, engachazekiyo okanye ukudumba kwithambo, musa ukuyityeshela kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo bonana nogqirha .
- Ayizizo zonke iithumba ezikhula ethanjeni ezibangela umhlaza. Kukwakho neethumba ezingenobungozi.
- Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza wamathambo, kwaye iindlela zonyango zixhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nenqanaba lesifo.
- Uninzi lomhlaza wamathambo lunokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo ukuba lufunyenwe kwangethuba kwaye lunyangwa ngokufanelekileyo. Ke ngoko, kungcono ungoyiki ngokungeyomfuneko kwaye ufune iingcebiso zonyango ukuba uneempawu.
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