Ngaba wakha wambona umntu omaziyo ngequbuliso elahlekelwa zingqondo? Okanye wakha weva ngomntu ophilileyo efa ebuthongweni? Unobangela wezinto ezinjalo usenokuba yimeko yentliziyo efihlakeleyo abantu abaninzi abangazange beve ngayo. Namhlanje sithetha ngesifo esibi nesibalulekileyo ekufuneka siqatshelwe, iBrugada Syndrome.
Yintoni iBrugada Syndrome?
Ngamafutshane, le yingxaki kwinkqubo yombane yentliziyo yethu. Iintliziyo zethu zibetha njengenkqubo yesignali yombane. Kwesi sifo, kukho ukungalungelelani kwemiqondiso yombane eya kumagumbi asezantsi entliziyo (ii-ventricles).
Oku kubangela ukuba intliziyo ibethe ngesantya esiyingozi, ngokungathi iyangcangcazela. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-'Ventricular fibrillation (v-fib)' ngokwezonyango. Xa oku kusenzeka, intliziyo ayikwazi ukupompa igazi ngokufanelekileyo emzimbeni. Ingakumbi xa ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya ebuchotsheni kuphazamiseka, umntu unokuquleka.
Eyona nto iyingozi kakhulu ngale meko kukuba inokubangela ukufa ngesiquphe kwentliziyo. Oku kwenzeka rhoqo xa isigulana siphumle, ingakumbi xa silele. Uphando lufumanise ukuba i-Brugada syndrome yimbangela yokufa ngesiquphe kwentliziyo okumalunga ne-4% kwihlabathi liphela.
Kodwa le yimeko engaqhelekanga kakhulu. Ngokomyinge, phakathi kwabantu aba-3 naba-5 kwabayi-10,000 banale sifo.
Zithini iimpawu zesi sifo?
Nangona iimpawu zeBrugada syndrome zinokubonakala nakweyiphi na iminyaka, zixhaphake kakhulu xa uneminyaka engama-40 ubudala. Okumangalisayo kukuba, abantu abangaphezu kwama-70% abanale meko ababonisi zimpawu . Umntu ofumana iimpawu unokufumana oku kulandelayo:
| Uphawu | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Ukuquleka/Ukuqhawuka | Ukungahambelani kakuhle kwentliziyo kunokubangela ukuba ukuhanjiswa kwegazi engqondweni kuphazamiseke, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba umntu alahlekelwe yingqondo ngequbuliso aze awe. |
| Isiyezi | Ndiziva ndinesizungu. |
| Ukubetha kwentliziyo | Ukuziva intliziyo ibetha ngamandla, ukuziva ngathi intliziyo ijikeleza ngaphakathi esifubeni. |
| Ubunzima bokuphefumla | Ubunzima bokuphefumla, ingakumbi ebusuku. |
| Ukubanjwa kwe-cardiac | Oku kusenokuba luphawu lokuqala . Yingakho abanye abantu besifa belele. |
Yintoni ebangela ukuba le meko iqhubeke ngakumbi?
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela izinto ezithile ezinokubangela okanye zibenze mandundu iimpawu kumntu one-Brugada syndrome.
- Umkhuhlane: Umkhuhlane yenye yezona ntshaba ziphambili zesi sifo. Ukuba une-Brugada syndrome, kubalulekile ukuthatha amayeza afana ne-paracetamol kwangoko emva kokuba uqalise umkhuhlane, njengoko ugqirha wakho eyalele.
- Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni: Xa kungekho manzi aneleyo emzimbeni.
- Ukusela kakhulu: Ukusela utywala obuninzi ngaxeshanye.
- Amayeza athile: Amayeza afana ne-'Sodium channel blockers' asetyenziselwa ezinye izifo zentliziyo, kunye namayeza ezigulo zengqondo ezifana ne-'Lithium' kunye ne-'Tricyclic antidepressants'.
- Iziyobisi: Iziyobisi ezifana ne-cocaine kunye ne-marijuana.
Ukuba ugqirha uqinisekisa ukuba unale meko, qiniseka ukuba ucela ugqirha wakho uluhlu lwamayeza ongafanele uwasebenzise. Xa usebenzisa amayeza alo naluphi na olunye uhlobo, yazisa ugqirha ukuba une-Brugada syndrome.
Kutheni esi sifo senzeka?
Kwiimeko ezininzi, malunga ne-70% yamatyala, akukho sizathu sithile sifumanekayo sesi sifo. Nangona kunjalo, kwabanye abantu, sibangelwa yimfuza. Ngamafutshane, sidluliselwa kwilifa.
- Izizathu zemfuza: Utshintsho kwiijini ezingaphezu kwe-18 emzimbeni wethu lunokubangela oku. Phakathi kwezi, ezona zixhaphakileyo kukuguquka kwejini `SCN5A`. Utshintsho kwezi jini lubangela ukuphazamiseka ekudlulisweni kwemiqondiso yombane entliziyweni.
- Ufuzo: Ukuba omnye umzali une-gene mutation enxulumene nesi sifo, kukho amathuba angama-50% okuba umntwana ayifumane njengelifa.
Ngubani osengozini enkulu?
- Kumadoda: Esi sifo sixhaphake ngokuphindwe kasibhozo ukuya kwishumi kumadoda kunakwabasetyhini.
- Imbali yosapho: Ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho une-Brugada syndrome, okanye ukuba umntu usweleke ngequbuliso esemncinci, nawe usenokuba sengozini.
- Imvelaphi yaseAsia: Esi sifo sifunyenwe sixhaphake kancinci phakathi kwabantu bamazwe aseAsia kunakumazwe aseNtshona.
Indlela yokuxilonga ngokuchanekileyo isifo?
Emva kokumamela iimpawu zakho kunye nembali yosapho lwakho, ugqirha wakho uya kuyalela iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba unaso na esi sifo.
| Uvavanyo | Wenza ntoni ngayo? |
|---|---|
| I-Electrocardiogram (EKG) | Uvavanyo olubonisa umsebenzi wombane wentliziyo kwigrafu yomgca. Oogqirha bakhangela ipateni ethile kule pateni enxulumene nesi sifo. Ngamanye amaxesha le pateni ayisoloko ibonakala, ngoko ke i-EKG inokufuneka yenziwe amaxesha amaninzi. |
| Uvavanyo lwe-EKG ngamayeza (Uvavanyo lweMingeni yeziyobisi) | Ukuba i-EKG eqhelekileyo ibonisa ipateni ekrokrisayo, iyeza elikhethekileyo lifakwa emthanjeni ukuze kuzanywe ukutyhila ipateni efihliweyo yeBrugada. Oku kwenziwa kwindawo ekhuselekileyo, njengeyunithi yokhathalelo oluphezulu esibhedlele. |
| Uvavanyo lweMfuzo | Isampulu yamathe okanye igazi lakho ingasetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ukuba ngaba une-genetic mutation enxulumene nesi sifo. Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onesifo, nabanye banokufumana olu vavanyo. |
| I-Electrophysiology (Uvavanyo lwe-EP) | Olu vavanyo lwenziwa ukuba ukuxilongwa akukacaci emva kwezinye iimvavanyo. Oku kuquka ukufaka i-cannula (catheter) encinci kakhulu ngemithambo esemlenzeni entliziyweni kunye nokulinganisa umsebenzi wombane ngaphakathi entliziyweni. |
Iphathwa njani?
Isifo seBrugada asinakunyangeka ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, unyango lunokunikwa ukuthintela ukufa kwentliziyo ngequbuliso. Injongo ephambili yonyango kukuthintela ukwenzeka kweengxaki zesingqisho sentliziyo (ventricular arrhythmias) kunye nokuzilawula ukuba ziyenzeka.
Unyango oluphambili nolusebenzayo kukufakelwa kwesixhobo se-ICD .
- I-ICD (Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator): Esi sisixhobo esincinci. Sifana ne-pacemaker. Sifakwa phantsi kolusu, kufutshane nentliziyo, esifubeni ngotyando oluncinci. Sihlala sijonga isingqi sentliziyo. Ukuba isingqi sentliziyo sitshintsha ngendlela eyingozi, esi sixhobo siyasibona size sinike umbane omncinci ukubuyisela isingqi. Esi sisixhobo esisindisa ubomi.
- Amayeza: Amanye amayeza, anjenge-'Quinidine', anokulawula ukungqubana kwentliziyo. Nangona kunjalo, la mayeza awafanelekanga kuye wonke umntu.
- Ukukhupha igazi: Kwezinye iimeko ezikhethekileyo, indlela yonyango efumana indawo yemiqondiso yombane engaqhelekanga entliziyweni ize iyitshabalalise ngamaza erediyo.
Oogqirha bagqiba kwelokuba banyange na izigulane ezingenazo iimpawu ngokusekelwe kwiirekhodi ze-EKG, imbali yosapho, kunye nezinye iziphumo zovavanyo. Ngenxa yokuba ngamanye amaxesha uphawu lokuqala kukufa ngequbuliso , kubalulekile ukuvavanya umngcipheko kunye nokunyanga ngokufanelekileyo.
Ufanele uye nini kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (i-ETU)?
Ukuba unesifo sentliziyo esikhawulezileyo (cardiac arrest), kuya kufuneka ufumane unyango ngokukhawuleza. Ekubeni ungasayi kukwazi ukufowunela uncedo ngelo xesha, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba usapho lwakho kunye nabantu obathandayo baziswe ngale nto.
Ukuba usemngciphekweni wokubanjwa yintliziyo, xelela usapho lwakho kunye nabahlobo abasondeleyo ukuba bafunde indlela yokwenza i-CPR (ukuvuselelwa kwentliziyo). Kwimeko yongxamiseko, fowunela u-1990 kwaye ubize i-ambulensi. Olu lwazi lunokusindisa ubomi bakho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Brugada syndrome yimeko embi kakhulu eyenzeka kwinkqubo yombane yentliziyo kwaye inokukhokelela ekufeni ngequbuliso.
- Umkhuhlane yeyona nto iphambili eyenza esi sifo sibe mandundu. Ukuba unesifo somkhuhlane, sinciphise ngokukhawuleza.
- Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho oye wasweleka ngequbuliso esemncinci okanye uhlala ulahlekelwa ziingqondo, bona ugqirha ngoko nangoko uze wenze uvavanyo lwe-EKG.
- Ukufakelwa isixhobo se-ICD lolona nyango lungcono lokusindisa ubomi kwesi sifo.
- Ukuba unesi sifo, soloko uqaphela uluhlu lwamayeza anikwa ngugqirha wakho angafanelekanga ukuba uwasebenzise.
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