Ngaba unepateni "yeliso lenkunzi" ngaphakathi kwamehlo akho? Masifunde ngale (iBull's Eye Maculopathy)!

Unjani? Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngemeko yamehlo engaziwayo kangako, kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu. Ngamanye amaxesha amehlo ethu anokutshintsha indlela esibona ngayo ngaphandle kokuba siqaphele. Ngaba wakha weva ngepateni ebonakala ngathi yithagethi ebhodini ekujoliswe kuyo? Yiloo nto eyenzekayo kule meko ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Bull's Eye Maculopathy". Eli gama livakala lingaqhelekanga, akunjalo? Kodwa ungakhathazeki, masithethe ngalo ngokweenkcukacha nangokulula.

Yintoni "iBull's Eye Maculopathy"? Ngamafutshane nje...

I-Bull's Eye Maculopathy yimeko engaqhelekanga kakhulu ebangela ukuba iiseli kwi -macula, eyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo ye -retina, zibe buthathaka kancinci kancinci, kwaye, ukuba sithetha ngokuchanekileyo, ziwohloke.

Khawucinge nje, ukuba iliso lakho lifana nekhamera, i-retina ifana nefilimu okanye isenzi esingasemva kwekhamera. Imifanekiso esiyibonayo irekhodwa apho. Phakathi kwe-retina, kukho indawo encinci kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu esinceda sibone izinto ngokucacileyo nangokucacileyo. Yiloo nto ibizwa ngokuba yi-macula. Le macula isinceda sibone iinkcukacha ezincinci ngokucacileyo, njengaxa sifunda incwadi, sijonga ubuso bomntu, okanye xa sincamathisela umsonto omncinci.

Ngoko ke, kwi-"Bull's Eye Maculopathy", xa iiseli ezikule "macula" zonakele, xa ugqirha ehlola ingaphakathi leliso, babona ipateni yeendandatho eziguqulwe umbala kuloo "macula". Ifumana igama layo kuba ifana neendandatho ezikwithagethi yokudubula (ipateni yeliso lenkunzi). Le meko inokukhokelela ekulahlekelweni kombono ngokusisigxina.

Esi sifo sinokudluliselwa kwilifa (oko kukuthi, sidluliselwe kubazali bakho ngee-genes). Oogqirha ngamanye amaxesha babiza olu hlobo lwelifa lwe-"Bull's Eye Maculopathy" ngokuthi "Benign Concentric Annular Macular Dystrophy (BCAMD)". Sisenokuvela ngenxa yezinye izifo zamehlo okanye njengesiphumo esibi sokusetyenziswa ixesha elide kwamayeza athile .

Nayiphi na ingxaki yokubona inokuba yinto eyoyikisayo. Kodwa ugqirha wakho unokukunceda ufumane unobangela aze akunike unyango kunye nenkxaso oyifunayo ukuze ukwazi ukumelana nale meko.

I-Bull's Eye Maculopathy ingaba naliphi ifuthe ekuboneni?

I-Bull's Eye Maculopathy ibangelwa kukonakala kweeseli ezisinceda sibone izinto. Ngoko ke, oku kunokuchaphazela umbono wakho ophakathi ngokwamanqanaba ahlukeneyo.

• Abanye abantu banokuba nobunzima bokubona iinkcukacha ezicacileyo ngokucacileyo.
• Usenokungakwazi ukwahlula imibala kakuhle, okanye umbono wakho wombala ungancipha.
• Umbono ungancipha ebusuku.
• Njengoko umbono ophakathi ubuthathaka , kunokuba nzima ukufunda iincwadi, ukuqhuba iimoto, nokubona izinto ngqo phambili.
• Esi sifo sinokuchaphazela iliso elinye okanye omabini amehlo.

Kodwa uninzi lwexesha, abantu abane-Bull's Eye Maculopathy abanazo iingxaki ezinkulu ngokubona kwabo okusecaleni - oko kukuthi, oko banokukubona ngaphandle kwekona yeliso labo. Nangona kunjalo, kuba oku kuhlala kuyimeko eqhubekayo, ukubona kunokuba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha .

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuba ne-"Bull's Eye Maculopathy"?

``Into enobungozi`` yinto eyonyusa amathuba okufumana isifo. Kukho izinto ezininzi ezinobungozi ze``Bull's Eye Maculopathy``:

• Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho one-"Bull's Eye Maculopathy" (imbali yelifa).
• Ukuba nezinye izifo zamehlo ezifana nokubola kwe-macular .
• Ezinye izifo zemfuza , umzekelo, isifo sikaBatten okanye isifo sikaStargardt.
• Ukusetyenziswa ixesha elide kwamayeza athile, ingakumbi lawo asetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo ezihlasela amasosha omzimba (izifo ezihlasela amasosha omzimba, ngamafutshane, ziimeko apho inkqubo yomzimba wakho yokuzikhusela ihlasela iiseli zakho eziphilileyo).

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?

I-Bull's Eye Maculopathy yimeko engaqhelekanga kakhulu. Umzekelo, naseMelika, bambalwa kakhulu abantu abanale sifo. Ngoko ke, musa ukoyika ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho ekuboneni kwakho.

Zithini izizathu ze-"Bull's Eye Maculopathy"?

Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zokuba oku kungenzeka:

1. I-genetics:

I-Bull's Eye Maculopathy, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-BCAMD, yimeko elawulayo ye-autosomal. Ngamafutshane, ukuba omnye wabazali une-gene eguquliweyo yesifo, kukho amathuba angama-50% okuba umntwana wabo afumane esi sifo njengelifa. Ezi gene ziyinxalenye ye-DNA yethu egcina ulwazi emizimbeni yethu.

2. Ezinye izifo:

Ezinye izifo zamehlo, ezifana ne-cone-rod dystrophy okanye i-retinitis pigmentosa, nazo zinokubangela i-Bull's Eye Maculopathy. Kwakhona, njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, abantu abanezifo zemfuza ezifana nesifo sikaBatten okanye isifo sikaStargardt nabo basengozini yokuhlaselwa yile meko.

3. Ubuthi:

Ezinye izinto, ingakumbi amayeza, zingonakalisa iiseli ezisembindini wombono wakho (i-macula). Umzekelo, ukusetyenziswa ixesha elide kweziyobisi ezifana ne-chloroquine okanye i-hydroxychloroquine, ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo ezifana ne-rheumatoid arthritis okanye i-lupus, kunokubangela i-Bull's Eye Maculopathy.

Kwakhona, abantu ekufuneka banikwe igazi rhoqo banokuba nesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-hemochromatosis (ukugqithisa isinyithi). Oku kungonakalisa i-macula yakho.

Iyeza `(Hydroxychloroquine)` libangela njani `(Bull's Eye Maculopathy)`?

Iingcali azikayazi kakuhle indlela oku okwenzeka ngayo. Kodwa uphando lubonisa ukuba eli yeza linokubophelela kwiiseli ezikwi-retina yakho kwaye lichaphazele indlela ezisebenza ngayo ezo seli. Oku kwenzeka rhoqo xa uthatha iidosi eziphezulu zeli yeza ixesha elide. Yiyo loo nto oogqirha becebisa ukuba abantu abasebenzisa la mayeza bahlolwe amehlo rhoqo.

Zithini iimpawu ze-"Bull's Eye Maculopathy"?

Le meko ichaphazela kakhulu umbono. Iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Umbono ofipheleyo okanye onenkungu.
• Ukubona amabala amnyama okanye izithunzi ezimnyama kwindawo yakho yokubona.
• Ubunzima bokubona imibala okanye ukungaboni ngokupheleleyo kombala.
• Ukubona izinto ezifana nemisonto idada phambi kwamehlo (ii-eye floaters) okanye ukubona ukukhanya okukhanyayo.
• Umbono ophantsi kakhulu .

Khumbula, musa ukucinga ukuba une-Bull's Eye Maculopathy kuba nje unenye okanye ezimbini zezi mpawu. Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zezinye iingxaki zamehlo. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha.

I-"Bull's Eye Maculopathy" ibonakala njani ngaphakathi kweliso?

Oku akuyonto onokuyibona ngokujonga esipilini. Ingcali yamehlo iza kuhlola i-macula kunye ne-retina yakho isebenzisa isixhobo esikhethekileyo esibizwa ngokuba yi-ophthalmoscope ukuze ibone ukuba unayo okanye awunayo.

Ngokwesiqhelo, le pateni "yeliso lenkunzi" ibonakala njengembindi ongqukuva, omnyama onezangqa ezininzi ezinemibala ekhanyayo ezijikelezileyo. Iziko elimnyama limele i-retina eqhelekileyo. Izangqa ezijikelezileyo aziqhelekanga. Ezi zangqa zinokuba yiorenji ekhanyayo, pinki, okanye mfusa. Le mibala yahlukeneyo ibangelwa kukonakala okanye ukuwohloka embindini wombono (i-macula).

Ifunyanwa njani iBull's Eye Maculopathy?

Ugqirha wakho unokwenza uvavanyo lwamehlo oluninzi ukuze abone ukuba unayo na iBull's Eye Maculopathy. Ezinye zazo ziquka:

• Uvavanyo lokubona kakuhle: Olu luvavanyo lokujonga ukuba ubona kakuhle kangakanani na. Uza kucelwa ukuba ufunde itshati yoonobumba abamiselweyo ("itshati yeSnellen") okanye imonitha enoonobumba abahlukeneyo ngobukhulu. Ukubona kwakho kuza kuvavanywa ngamehlo omabini kunye neliso elinye livaliwe ngokwahlukeneyo.
• Uvavanyo lwentsimi ebonakalayo:Oku kuya kujonga umbono wakho ophakathi kunye nombono ongaphandle. Kungakuxelela nokuba unazo na iindawo ezingabonakaliyo. Ungacelwa ukuba ujonge igridi yemigca, okanye ungacelwa ukuba ukhanyise izibane okanye uhambise izandla zakho ukuze ubone ukuba ungabona kude kangakanani phambi kwakho nasemacaleni.
• Uvavanyo lokujonga imibala: Uboniswa umfanekiso owenziwe ngamachaphaza anemibala kunye nenombolo embindini (uvavanyo lwepleyiti yombala). Ukuba awukwazi ukubona inani, usenokuba nombala ongaboniyo. Ungasebenzisa isixhobo esibizwa ngokuba yi-anomaloscope ukuze ubone indlela obona ngayo ukukhanya kunye nokukhanya kwemibala.
• I-Ophthalmoscopy: Oku kuquka ukwandisa amehlo ngee-pupil ngamaconsi. Emva koko, i-ophthalmoscope isetyenziswa ukuhlola i-cornea yakho, ilensi, i-retina, i-macula, i-optic nerve, kunye nemithambo yegazi ejikelezileyo. Olu vavanyo lukwabizwa ngokuba yi-fundoscopy.
• Uvavanyo lwe-Optical coherence tomography (OCT): Olu luvavanyo olungenabuhlungu. Lusebenzisa amaza okukhanya ukuthatha imifanekiso eneenkcukacha ezininzi, enobukhulu obuthathu (3D) yeengqimba ze-retina yakho, ingakumbi i-macula, embindini wombono wakho. Olu vavanyo lunokubona umonakalo kunye nokuwohloka kwe-macula kwangethuba nangokucacileyo kunezinye iimvavanyo.
• Uvavanyo lwe-Fundus autofluorescence imaging (FAF): Le yindlela entsha yokufota. Isebenzisa ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ukuhlola iiseli ezinombala kwi-retina yakho. Ezinye iiseli zifunxa okanye zibonakalise oku kukhanya ngokwahlukileyo kunezinye. Oku kunceda ugqirha abone ukuba kukho umonakalo okanye ukutshatyalaliswa kwi-retina.

Ngaba iBull's Eye Maculopathy inganyangeka ngokupheleleyo?

Okubuhlungu kukuba, akukho nyango lupheleleyo olufunyenweyo lwe-"Bull's Eye Maculopathy".

Iphathwa njani iBull's Eye Maculopathy?

Okwangoku akukho nyango lunokubuyisela umbono olahlekileyo ngenxa ye-"Bull's Eye Maculopathy." Nangona kunjalo, ukuba imeko ibangelwa liyeza okanye i-iron eninzi emzimbeni (ityhefu), ukuyeka amayeza okanye ukulawula amanqanaba e-iron kunokukwazi ukuthintela okanye ukulawula isifo ekubeni sibi kakhulu.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, injongo ephambili yonyango kukunceda izigulana ziphile neemeko ezifana nokulahlekelwa yimbono kunye nokungaboni kakuhle. Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa oku kulandelayo:

• Iteknoloji yokuncedisa: Umzekelo, izikhulisi zevidiyo, iiprojektha, okanye izifundi zesikrini.
• Iiglasi okanye iilensi zoqhagamshelwano.
• Unyango lokulungisa umbono ophantsi okanye unyango lomsebenzi: Oku kukufundisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye neendlela zokwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla ngembono enciphileyo.
• Izinto ezinceda ekuboneni: Izinto ezifana nezikhulisi eziphathwa ngesandla, iiteleskopu, okanye iilensi zokucoca ukukhanya.

Injani imbono yomntu one-"Bull's Eye Maculopathy"?

Ukulahleka kokubona okubangelwa yiBull's Eye Maculopathy kudla ngokuba yinto ehlala ihleli kwaye inokuthi iqhubeke ngokuhamba kwexesha . Nangona kunjalo, njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, ukuba umonakalo we-macular ubangelwa yinto enobuthi, ukuphepha loo nto inobuthi kunokunceda ukuthintela ukuba isifo singabi mandundu.

Ngaba ikho indlela yokuthintela i-"Bull's Eye Maculopathy"?

Enyanisweni, akukho ndlela ithile yokuthintela uphuhliso lwe-"Bull's Eye Maculopathy".

Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni amanye amayeza (umz., i-hydroxychloroquine) enomngcipheko wokubangela le meko, ukuba loo mayeza athathwa ixesha elide, ukuvavanywa kwamehlo rhoqo njengoko kucetyisiwe ngugqirha kunokunceda ekufumaneni nawuphi na umonakalo kwangethuba kwaye kuthintele ukuba isifo singabi mandundu.

Yeyiphi imibuzo endifanele ndiyibuze ugqirha wam malunga ne-"Bull's Eye Maculopathy"?

Ukuba une-"Bull's Eye Maculopathy", ungabuza ugqirha wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• "Gqirha, ngaba kukho amayeza endiwasebenzisayo ngoku angenza le meko ibe mandundu?"
• "Ngaba kukho izongezo zesondlo ezinokunceda ukuphucula ukubona kwam?"
• "Ndingayenza njani imisebenzi yam yemihla ngemihla ngale ngxaki yokubona? Ziziphi ezinye iindlela endinokunceda ngazo?"
• "Ndingazi njani ukuba kusakhuselekile ukuba ndiqhube?"
• "Ingaba oku kuphulukana nokubona kwam kuhlala kuhleli?"
• "Kunokwenzeka kangakanani ukuba umbono wam ube mbi ngakumbi?"

I-Bull's Eye Maculopathy yimeko engaqhelekanga. Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho embonweni wakho, akunakwenzeka ukuba lubangelwa yile meko. Nangona kunjalo, ungayityesheli nayiphi na ingxaki yombono. Nangona ukulahlekelwa ngumbono wakho kunokuba yinto eyoyikisayo nebangela uxinzelelo, kukho iindlela zokujongana nayo. Ugqirha wakho unokukuthumela kwiinkonzo zoncedo lokubona, iinkonzo zenkxaso, kunye nonyango olufunekayo.

Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho ekuboneni kwakho, ukubona okufipheleyo, okanye ezinye iimpawu ezintsha, bona ugqirha ngoko nangoko. Nokuba yintoni imbangela yokulahlekelwa kwakho kukubona, unyango lwasekuqaleni lunokucothisa, luyekise, kwaye mhlawumbi lubuyisele iingxaki zokubona kwimeko yangaphambili.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, masishwankathele ezinye zezinto esithethe ngazo namhlanje onokuzifumana zibalulekile:

• I-Bull's Eye Maculopathy sisifo samehlo esingaqhelekanga apho iziko lombono (i-macula) elisesweni lonakele, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho ipateni efana "neliso lenkunzi".
• Oku kunokubangela ukuba umbono ophakathi ube buthathaka. Oku kunokuchaphazela izinto ezifana nokufunda iincwadi kunye nokubona ubuso.
• Oku kunokubangelwa zizinto ezibangela ufuzo, ezinye izifo, kunye nokusetyenziswa ixesha elide kwamayeza athile .
• Akukho nyango luqinisekileyo lwale meko okwangoku. Nangona kunjalo, zikho iindlela zokunceda ukulawula iimpawu nokwenza ubomi bube lula.
• Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho ekuboneni kwakho, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha wamehlo ngokukhawuleza. Ukuxilongwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nonyango kunokunceda ukuthintela imeko ukuba ingabi mandundu.

Luxanduva lwakho ukunyamekela amehlo akho. Amehlo aphilileyo lukhanyiselo olukhulu ebomini.

I- Bull's Eye Maculopathy, isifo samehlo, iziko lokubona, i-macula, ukulahleka kokubona, uvavanyo lwamehlo, i-hydroxychloroquine