Umphimbo obuhlungu yinto esihlala siyibona. Ukususela kumkhuhlane omncinci ukuya kumphimbo obuhlungu ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo, unokuba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo nexakekileyo yomzimba wethu. Kodwa ngaba wakha wacinga ukuba lo mphimbo ubaluleke kwaye uxakekile kangakanani? Xa sithetha, siphefumla, sisitya, sisela amanzi... sikhonza le nxalenye buthule kuzo zonke ezi zinto, kwaye kwezonyango siyibiza ngokuba yi "Pharynx". Ngamafutshane, oku kufana nokudibana okumangalisayo emzimbeni wethu. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masifunde okungakumbi ngayo.
Yintoni kanye kanye umsebenzi womphimbo (pharynx)?
Ngamafutshane, ipharynx yakho yinxalenye yomqala wakho efana ne-funnel enceda kwiinkqubo zakho zokuphefumla nezokwetyisa. Isebenza njengepolisa lendlela elilawula iimoto kwindawo ezidibana kuyo iimoto.
Unemisebenzi emibini ephambili:
1. Ukwenza ukuphefumla kube lula: Umqala yindawo apho umoya owuthathayo ngempumlo yakho nangomlomo uqondiswa khona ngengqula yakho uye kwi-trachea nasemaphaphu. Kufana nokubonisa umoya kanye apho kufuneka uye khona.
2. Ilawula indlela yokugaya ukutya: Ukutya neziselo ozityayo zithunyelwa ngqo kwi-esophagus, apho zifikelela khona esiswini. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, zithintela nokuba sisiqwenga esincinci sokutya okanye ithontsi lamanzi ukuba lingangeni ngengozi kwi-trachea nasemiphungeni. Lo ngumsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu.
Iphi i-pharynx?
Umqala wakho uphakathi entanyeni yakho. Ungaphantsi kwesiseko sentloko yakho nangaphezulu nje komqala wakho kunye nelarynx. Ngumbhobho ohlala ubude obuziisentimitha ezi-1.5. Wenziwe kakhulu zizihlunu.
Zeziphi iindawo eziphambili zomqala (pharynx)?
Lo mqala uxakekileyo wahlulwe waba ziinxalenye ezintathu eziphambili. Ezi nxalenye zintathu zisebenza kunye ukwenza wonke umsebenzi womqala. Kulula kakhulu ukukhumbula oku.
| Inxalenye yomphimbo | Indawo kunye nomsebenzi |
|---|---|
| I-Nasopharynx | Oku kukwindawo ephezulu yomqala wakho. Njengoko igama lisitsho, kudibanisa impumlo yakho nenkqubo yakho yokuphefumla. Xa uphefumla ngempumlo yakho, umoya uqala ungena apha. |
| I-Oropharynx | Oku kuphakathi emqaleni wakho. Njengoko igama lisitsho, kuqhagamshela emlonyeni wakho (umlomo) . Iitoni zakho nazo zikweli candelo. Umoya, ukutya, isiselo... konke oku kudlula kweli candelo. |
| I-Hypopharynx | Oku kufumaneka ezantsi komqala. Kulawula indlela ukutya neziselo ezingena ngayo emqaleni kunye nendlela umoya ongena ngayo emiphungeni. |
Ziziphi izifo neemeko eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazela umqala?
Iimeko ezahlukeneyo zinokuchaphazela umqala, ukusuka kumkhuhlane oqhelekileyo ukuya kumhlaza womqala. Ezinye zezona meko zixhaphakileyo ziquka:
- Umphimbo obuhlungu (Pharyngitis): Le meko inokubangelwa zizinto ezifana ne-tonsillitis, usulelo olwahlukeneyo, i-allergies, okanye ukuphefumla ngomlomo.
- Iintsholongwane: Iintsholongwane ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane, ezifana ne-strep throat, kunye neentsholongwane ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane, ezifana ne-flu okanye i-mononucleosis, nazo zinokuchaphazela umqala.
- Umhlaza: Umhlaza owenzeka emqaleni, njengomhlaza wempumlo, umhlaza wempumlo, kunye nomhlaza wempumlo ongaphantsi komlomo.
- Ubunzima bokuginya (iDysphagia): Izifo ezichaphazela inkqubo yemithambo-luvo ephakathi, ezifana nestroke kunye ne-multiple sclerosis (MS), zinokubangela ubunzima bokuginya ukutya.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba, ungoyiki ukuba kuba nje unesilonda somqala, ngumhlaza womqala. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba iimpawu ziyaqhubeka okanye ziyabuya, kungcono ukuba ubonane nogqirha ukuze akunike ingcebiso.
Iimpawu zokuba kufuneka ubone ugqirha
Ngenxa yokuba kukho iimeko ezininzi ezinokuchaphazela umqala, iimpawu zingahluka. Ezinye iimeko zinzima kakhulu kunezinye. Ukuba unempawu enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi zilandelayo, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha.
| Uphawu | Yintoni ekufuneka iqwalaselwe ngokukodwa |
|---|---|
| Umphimbo obuhlungu ohlala iintsuku ezingaphezu kwembalwa | Umphimbo obuhlungu oqhelekileyo uya kuphela kwiintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu. Ukuba uhlala ixesha elide ngaphezu koko, kubalulekile ukuya kuhlolwa. |
| Ubunzima bokuginya ukutya okanye isiselo | Ukuba uziva iintlungu xa uginya okanye ukuba kukho into evakala ngathi ibambekile emqaleni wakho. |
| Intlungu yendlebe | Usulelo lomphimbo ngamanye amaxesha lunokuchaphazela iindlebe. |
| Umkhuhlane ongaphezulu kwama-39 Celsius (103 Fahrenheit) | Oku kungaba luphawu losulelo olukhulu emzimbeni. |
| Amaqhuma ngasemva kwentamo | Ukuba udibana nento efana nekhakhayi, kubalulekile ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko. |
| Ubuthathaka okanye ukuqina entanyeni | Ubunzima okanye intlungu ekujikeni kwentamo. |
Uvavanyo lokufumanisa ingxaki yomphimbo
Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zakho, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo ukuze abone ingxaki.
- I-Biopsy: Ukuthatha iqhekeza elincinci lethishu ukuze lihlolwe.
- I-Laryngoscopy: Uvavanyo lwangaphakathi lomphimbo kusetyenziswa ityhubhu encinci enekhamera.
- Ukukhula komphimbo: Ukuthatha isampuli yencindi yomphimbo ukujonga ukuba ayinaso na isifo.
- Uvavanyo lokufota: Uvavanyo olufana ne-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography scan) okanye i-MRI scan (i-Magnetic Resonance Imaging scan).
Uwugcina njani umqala wakho uphilile?
Kukho izinto ezimbalwa ezilula onokuzenza ukuze unyamekele umphimbo wakho oxabisekileyo. Ukuba uzenza umkhwa, unokuphepha izifo ezininzi.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya: Ukutshaya kuyandisa kakhulu umngcipheko womhlaza womqala. Ukuba ungumntu otshayayo, ukuzama ukuyeka kuluncedo kakhulu emqaleni wakho nakumzimba wakho wonke.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya umsi wecuba labanye abantu: Ukuphefumla umsi wecuba labanye abantu nako kuyingozi emqaleni wakho. Kunokubangela ukurhawuzelelwa ngumphimbo.
- Zikhusele kwiintsholongwane: Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo kwaye uhlale kude nabantu abagulayo. Le mikhwa ilula inokukunceda ekukhuseleni kwizifo ezosulelayo ezifana ne-strep throat kunye ne-flu.
- Sela amanzi amaninzi: Ukusela amanzi aneleyo imini yonke kuya kunceda ukugcina umqala wakho umanzi, kuthintele ukuba wome kwaye ukrweleke.
I-pharynx esempilweni ibalulekile kwimpilo yeenkqubo zakho zokuphefumla nezokwetyisa. Yi-pharynx enceda ukuqondisa umoya emiphungeni kunye nokutya esiswini. Ngoko ke luxanduva lwethu ukukhusela eli lungu lixabisekileyo ngokuphepha ukutshaya nokuzikhusela kwiintsholongwane.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Umqala wakho, okanye ipharynx, yinxalenye exakekileyo yomzimba wakho ebalulekileyo ekuphefumleni nasekutyeni.
- Iqulathe iinxalenye ezintathu eziphambili (iNasopharynx, iOropharynx, iHypopharynx).
- Ukuba uneempawu ezifana nomphimbo obuhlungu, ubunzima bokuginya, umkhuhlane ophezulu, okanye iqhubu entanyeni yakho elihlala iintsuku ezingaphezu kwezimbalwa, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha.
- Ungayigcina imphimbo yakho iphilile ngokuphepha ngokupheleleyo ukutshaya nokuzikhusela kwiintsholongwane ngokuhlamba izandla zakho rhoqo.
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