Ngaba umntwana wakho unazo iindawo zokusela ikofu okanye ikhofi? Makhe sithethe ngezi ndawo zokusela ikofu okanye ikhofi okanye ikhofi okanye ikhofi!

Ngaba wakha waphawula amabala amdaka akhanyayo eluswini lomntwana wakho, okanye mhlawumbi eluswini lwakho, abonakala ngathi ngumbala wekofu enobisi? Abanye oomama bayakhathazeka kancinci xa bebona la mabala. Kodwa ayingawo onke amabala ayingozi. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngala mabala abizwa ngokuba yiCafé-au-Lait. Masifumanise ukuba zeziphi kanye kanye, kutheni esenzeka, kwaye nokuba ayingozi okanye akunjalo.

Zeziphi ezi ndawo zeCafé-au-Lait?

Ngamafutshane, amabala eCafé-au-Lait luhlobo lophawu lokuzalwa olunombala oluvela eluswini. Igama elithi "Café-au-Lait" ligama lesiFrentshi elithetha "ikofu enobisi." Ngoko ke, umbala wala mabala unokwahluka ukusuka kumdaka okhanyayo ukuya kumdaka omnyama, njengekofu enobisi. Lo mbala ubonakala wahlukile kolusu lwakho lonke.

La mabala anokwahluka ngobukhulu ukusuka kwiimilimitha ezimbalwa ukuya kwiisentimitha ezingaphezu kwama-20. Ahlala ekho eluswini lomntwana xa ezalwa okanye avele ebuntwaneni. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha la mabala anokuvela nakubantu abadala. Azizo iziqwenga eziphakanyisiweyo eluswini, kodwa zigutyungelwe lusu.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo zezi ndawo?

Ewe, la mabala eCafé-au-Lait ahlulwe kakhulu abe ziintlobo ezimbini ngokusekwe kwimilo yawo kunye nepateni yawo. La magama asenokuvakala engaqhelekanga, kodwa kukho isizathu sawo.

1. Uhlobo "loLwandle lwaseCalifornia": Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo. Njengonxweme olukwimephu yelizwe laseCalifornia eMelika, la mabala anemiphetho ecacileyo negudileyo. Kunokubakho indawo enye okanye iindawo ezininzi ezinemiphetho ecacileyo.

2. Uhlobo "loLwandle lwaseMaine": Olu luhlobo olungaqhelekanga kangako. Njengonxweme lwaseMaine eMelika, la mabala anemiphetho erhabaxa, egobile kancinci.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ukuba umntwana wakho unamabala angaphezu kwamathandathu "ooNxweme lwaseCalifornia" eluswini lwakhe, kubalulekile ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha. Kuba ukuba namabala amaninzi ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba luphawu lwesifo esithile esifihlakeleyo, njengemeko yemfuza efana ne -Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) . Ezi ziimeko ezichaphazela ulusu kunye nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo.

Ngubani ofumana la mabala rhoqo? Kuxhaphake kangakanani?

Iindawo zeCafé-au-Lait zinokwenzeka nakubani na. Zihlala zizalwa, oko kuthetha ukuba zikhona xa zizalwa. Nangona kunjalo, zisenokungabonakali kangako eluswini losana olusandul’ ukuzalwa. Njengoko zikhula, ingakumbi emva kweminyaka emibini, ziya zibonakala ngakumbi.

Nangona la mabala exhaphake kakhulu kubantu abanesikhumba esimnyama, anokuvela nakubani na onombala wesikhumba.

Ezinye iindawo ze-café-au-lait zinxulunyaniswa neemeko zemfuza. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onayo le meko, isenokuba luphawu oluvela kwimfuza. Ukuba uceba ukuba nabantwana, kubalulekile ukufumanisa ukuba kukho na imeko yemfuza kusapho lwakho. Ungathetha nogqirha ukuze ufunde okungakumbi ngale nto kwaye ubuze malunga novavanyo lwemfuza .

Ezi ndawo zixhaphake kakhulu kangangokuba kuqikelelwa ukuba malunga ne-10% yabantu ngokubanzi banendawo enye ubuncinane yeCafé-au-Lait.

Kwakhona, ama-95% abantu abane -neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) banee-café-au-lait spots ezingaphezu kwezintandathu.

Ngaba iindawo zeCafé-au-Lait ziyamchaphazela umntwana nangayiphi na indlela?

Ixesha elininzi, amabala eCafé-au-Lait ngamabala nje. Awanawo umhlaza (angenabungozi), oko kuthetha ukuba awayongozi, kwaye awabangeli monakalo emzimbeni womntwana. Ngoko ke, nokuba unelinye okanye amabini kula mabala, akukho nto inokubangela ukukhathazeka ngawo.

Nangona kunjalo, njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, ukuba umntwana wakho unamabala angaphezu kwamathandathu (06) eluswini lwakhe, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubonane nogqirha wabantwana okanye ugqirha wesikhumba. Njengoko inani lamabala lisanda, oko kungaba luphawu lwesinye isifo esingabonakaliyo semfuza.

Zibonakala njani kanye kanye ezi ndawo?

Kukho iimpawu ezininzi ezinokukunceda ukwahlula amabala e-café-au-lait kwezinye iimpawu zokuzalwa. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi:

• Amabala athe tyaba: La awaphakamanga njengamaqhuma. Ahlala efumaneka esiqwini, ezingalweni, emilenzeni, nasezimpundu.
• Umbala oqala kumbala omdaka okhanyayo ukuya kumbala omdaka obumnyama: njengombala wekofu enobisi.
• Imilo engqukuva okanye ende: Ubungakanani bunokuba phakathi kweemilimitha ezi-2 (mm) ukuya ngaphezulu kweesentimitha ezingama-20 (cm).
• Umphetho ogudileyo okanye orhabaxa ojikeleze le ndawo: njengo "ulwandle lwaseCalifornia" okanye "ulwandle lwaseMaine" esithethe ngalo.
• Ubukhulu kunye nenani lamabala linokunyuswa ngokukhula.
• La mabala awabangeli ntlungu, ukurhawuzelelwa, okanye ezinye iimpawu.

Kutheni kuvela ezi ndawo zeCafé-au-Lait? Yintoni unobangela?

Isizathu esiphambili sokwakheka kwala mabala kukwanda kwenani lee-melanocytes, uhlobo lweseli enika umbala kulusu, kumaleko ongaphandle obhityileyo wolusu lwethu, inxalenye ebizwa ngokuba yi-epidermis. Ezi melanocytes zivelisa i-pigment melanin . Le melanin inika umbala kulusu lwethu, amehlo, kunye neenwele, kwaye ikhusela ulusu ekukhanyeni kwelanga. Ngoko ke, ukuba inani elikhulu lala maseli e-melanocyte liqokelelana ngequbuliso kwindawo ethile, imveliso ye-melanin nayo iyanda, kwaye umbala wolusu kuloo ndawo uba mdaka omnyama. Leyo yindawo yeCafé-au-Lait.

Nangona kunjalo, isizathu esicacileyo asikafunyanwa sokuba kutheni la maseli e-melanocyte edla ngokuqokelelana ngamanani amakhulu kangaka kwindawo enye.

Nangona kunjalo, uhlobo 1 lwe-neurofibromatosis (NF1)Amabala eCafé-au-Lait abangelwa kukuguquka kwejini ekuthiwa yi-NF1 gene . Ijini ye-NF1 ilawula ukukhula kweeseli ngokukhawuleza. Ngoko ke xa le jini iguquguquka, iiseli ze-melanocyte zikhula ngokungalawulekiyo kwaye zivelise i-melanin eninzi kakhulu eluswini.

Ngamanye amaxesha, utshintsho lwe-NF1 gene lunokwenzeka ngokungacwangciswanga, kungekho mntu wumbi kusapho onalo. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba omnye wabazali une-NF1 gene eguquliweyo, umntwana angayifumana le meko. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -autosomal dominant inheritance . Nangona kunjalo, ngokungafaniyo nezinye iimeko ze-autosomal dominant, ukuze i-NF1 ikhule ngokupheleleyo, utshintsho kwikopi yesibini ye-NF1 gene kufuneka lwenzeke ngexesha lobomi bomntu. Oku kunzima kancinci, ngoko ke kungcono ubuze ugqirha ngolwazi oluthe kratya.

Ugqirha uwabona njani la mabala?

Emva kokuba umntwana wakho ezelwe, ugqirha uza kwenza uvavanyo olupheleleyo kumntwana wakho, akunjalo? Ngelo xesha, ugqirha uza kuphawula naziphi na iimpawu zokuzalwa eluswini lomntwana wakho, kuquka neendawo zeCafé-au-Lait. Uza kukwacebisa ukuba ujonge ukuba zingaphi kwezi ndawo umntwana wakho anazo njengoko ekhula.

La mabala asenokungabonakali ngokupheleleyo eluswini losana olusandul’ ukuzalwa, kodwa xa umntwana eneminyaka emibini ubudala, okanye emva kokuba ebekwe elangeni, la mabala abonakala ngakumbi.

Ukuba kukho amabala angaphezu kwamathandathu, ngaba oko kungaba luphawu lwesifo esinye?

Ewe, yinto esifanele siyixhalabele ngakumbi. Ukuba neendawo zeCafé-au-Lait ezingaphezu kwesithandathu (06) kunokuba luphawu lwezinye zeemeko zemfuza ezifihlakeleyo. Ezinye zezi meko ziquka:

• Uhlobo lwe-Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1)
• Isifo sikaMcCune-Albright
• Isifo sikaNoonan
• Isifo sikaWatson

Ngoko ke, ukuba ubona amabala angaphezu kwamathandathu eCafé-au-Lait eluswini lomntwana wakho, musa ukuchitha ixesha kwaye ubone ugqirha womntwana wakho ngoko nangoko. Angawahlola la mabala aze akuthumelele uvavanyo olongezelelweyo ukuba kuyimfuneko.

Ngaba ikho indlela yokunyanga ezi ndawo zeCafé-au-Lait?

Amabala eCafé-au-Lait awangomhlaza (angabi yingozi), oko kuthetha ukuba awayongozi, ngoko ke adla ngokungadingi nyango. Azibangeli zimpawu.

Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu banokufuna ukususa la mabala ngenxa yezizathu zobuhle, oko kukuthi, ukuze babonakale bebhetele. Kwimeko enjalo, ungathetha nogqirha wakho malunga nonyango lwelaser . Nangona kunjalo, kukho iingozi ezithile xa kususwa amabala ngonyango lwelaser. Umzekelo, umbala wolusu unokuba mnyama kwindawo enyangiweyo (hyperpigmentation)., amanxeba angase avele, umbala webala usenokunganyamalali ngokupheleleyo, okanye ibala lingase livele kwakhona emva kokususwa.

Ngaba ikho indlela yokunciphisa ukuvela kwala mabala ebantwaneni?

Enyanisweni, akukho ndlela yokuthintela ukwakheka kwamabala eCafé-au-Lait, kuba asinakukwazi ukuthintela ukwakheka kwamabala okuzalwa.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho unesifo semfuza esifana ne -neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) , ukuthetha nogqirha malunga novavanyo lwemfuza ngaphambi kokuba ucebe ukukhulelwa kunokukunceda uqonde umngcipheko wokuba nomntwana onesifo eso.

Ukuba umntwana wam unala mabala, ndimele ndilindele ntoni?

Iindawo zeCafé-au-Lait zikhona ukususela ekuzalweni. Zinokuhlala ubomi bomntwana bonke. Ubungakanani kunye nokuma kwezi ndawo kunokutshintsha kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha. Kwakhona, ezi ndawo zinokubonakala ngakumbi xa zibekwe elangeni.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ukuba ubona amabala angaphezu kwamathandathu eluswini lomntwana wakho ukuze ubone ukuba luphawu lwenye imeko yezonyango engabonakaliyo.

Udinga nini ukubona ugqirha?

Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho kwiindawo zeCafé-au-Lait zomntwana wakho, umzekelo , ukuba iindawo ziyadumba, ziyaphakama, zivakala ngathi ziqhuma xa zichukunyiswa, okanye ukuba ubungakanani okanye inani lamabala liyakhula ngequbuliso, bona ugqirha ngoko nangoko.

Kuqhelekile ukuba neendawo ezimbalwa ze-café-au-lait. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba neendawo ezingaphezu kwesithandathu kunokuba luphawu lwengxaki yempilo engabonakaliyo. Nazi ezinye iimpawu ezongezelelweyo ezinxulumene neemeko eziqhelekileyo ezibangela iindawo ze-café-au-lait:

• Iingxaki zokuthetha nolwimi.
• Amaqhuma angengomhlaza phantsi kolusu (i-neurofibromas) .
• Amabala angaphantsi kwamakhwapha.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu) .
• Iingxaki zokukhula kwamathambo, umzekelo , i-scoliosis .
• Ingxaki yokungakwazi ukunikela ingqalelo/yokungasebenzi kakuhle (ADHD) .

Ukuba umntwana wakho unezinye iimpawu ezifana nezi kunye neendawo ezininzi zeCafé-au-Lait, yazisa ugqirha ngaloo nto.

Yeyiphi imibuzo ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyibuze ugqirha?

Xa usiya kugqirha, ungabuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Ngaba iindawo zomntwana wam ezithengisa i-café-au-lait ziluphawu lwesifo semfuza?
• Ndingafumana uvavanyo lwemfuza ukuze ndivavanye umngcipheko wokuba nomntwana onesifo semfuza?
• Ndingenza ntoni xa ndibona amabala eCafé-au-Lait angaphezu kwamathandathu eluswini lomntwana wam?

Ngaba iindawo zeCafé-au-Lait zingavela ngequbuliso nasemva kokuba abantu abadala bekhulile?

Ewe, inokwenzeka. Nangona amabala e-café-au-lait edla ngokubakho eluswini lweentsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa, kuqhelekile ukuba la mabala avele eluswini lomntu kamva ebomini. Kuqhelekile ukuba umntu abe namabala ambalwa e-café-au-lait. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unamabala angaphezu kwamathandathu, inokuba luphawu lwengxaki yempilo engabonakaliyo. Ngoko ke, nokuba uneminyaka emingaphi, ukuba ubona amabala angaphezu kwamathandathu e-café-au-lait eluswini lwakho, bonana nogqirha ukuze ahlolwe.

Ngaba la mabala anokubakho ngaphandle kwe-neurofibromatosis?

Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo. Kuqhelekile ukuba abantu babe namabala amaninzi e-café-au-lait emizimbeni yabo ngaphandle kwengxaki efihlakeleyo, efana ne -neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) . Abantu abane-NF1 badla ngokuba namabala angaphezu kwamathandathu e-café-au-lait, kwaye babonisa nezinye iimpawu ezihambelana nokuxilongwa.

Ingaba la mabala afana nerhashalala yesikhumba?

Hayi. Nangona la mabala esenokubonakala ngathi yirhashalala, amabala eCafé-au-Lait awabangelwa yi-allergy reaction. Irhashalala idla ngokuba pinki okanye ibomvu, akunjalo? Kodwa amabala eCafé-au-Lait anemibala eyahlukeneyo ukusuka kumdaka okhanyayo ukuya kumdaka omnyama. Kwakhona, nangona irhashalala inokubangela iimpawu ezifana nokurhashalala, amabala eCafé-au-Lait awabangeli nakuphi na ukurhashalala okanye ezinye iingxaki.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Amabala eCafé-au-Lait luhlobo lwebala lokuzalwa elinokuvela eluswini lomntwana wakho, kwaye adla ngokuba yingozi. Nangona engengobungozi, kubalulekile ukugcina umkhondo wokuba mangaphi kula mabala umntwana wakho anawo. Amabala angaphezu kwamathandathu anokuba luphawu lwesifo esithile. Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho kwiimpawu zokuzalwa zomntwana wakho, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko. Musa ukoyika, ukwazi kubalulekile!

"Amabala eCafé-au-Lait, amabala esikhumba, iimpawu zokuzalwa, amabala amdaka, impilo yabantwana, izifo zemfuza, i-neurofibromatosis, i-Neurofibromatosis