Usoloko unxaniwe, usoloko uchama? Ingaba le yiCentral Diabetes Insipidus (CDI)? Masithethe!

Ngaba nawe unesi sifo sorhudo esinamanzi imini yonke? Nokuba usela amanzi angakanani na, akwenzeki? Ngaba kufuneka uvuke rhoqo, ngamanye amaxesha ebusuku, ukuze uchame? Nokuba sele usela, ngaba uphuma umchamo omninzi okhanyayo nonamanzi? Oku kunokuba yinto ebalulekileyo kuwe. Le meko siyibiza ngokuba yiCentral Diabetes Insipidus, okanye yi-'Central Diabetes Insipidus (CDI)'. Nangona ine-"diabetes" egameni, le ayisiyo i-diabetes mellitus esiyaziyo sonke. Makhe sithethe ngayo ngokweenkcukacha.

Yintoni iCentral Diabetes Insipidus (CDI)?

Ngamafutshane, i-`Central Diabetes Insipidus (CDI)` yimeko engaqhelekanga kakhulu. Okwenzekayo kukuba umzimba wakho awunayo i-Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) eyaneleyo, ngamanye amaxesha ebizwa ngokuba yiVasopressin . Le hormone ye-ADH inceda ukulawula ubungakanani bamanzi emizimbeni yethu. Xa le hormone iphantsi, izintso ziqala ukukhupha amanzi amaninzi njengomchamo. Ngoko ke, uchama kakhulu kwaye uzive uvuvukile kakhulu.

Le hormone ye-ADH iveliswa yi -hypothalamus esebuchotsheni bethu. Nangona kunjalo, igcinwa kwaye ikhutshwe xa ifuneka yenye i-gland encinci esebuchotsheni , i-pituitary gland . Ngoko ke, ukuba kukho nawuphi na umonakalo kwi-hypothalamus okanye kwi-pituitary gland, i-CDI inokukhula.

Ukuba une-CDI, ukuba awuseli manzi aneleyo ukubuyisela ubungakanani bamanzi owalahlekelayo ngomchamo, ungaphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni . Oku kuyingozi kakhulu.

Abanye abantu banokuba nohlobo olubi kakhulu lwe-CDI, nto leyo ethetha ukuba i-hormone ye-ADH ayisebenzi kakuhle. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-'CDI epheleleyo'. Abanye banokuba nohlobo olungenamandla, nto leyo ethetha ukuba i-hormone ye-ADH isebenza ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-'CDI engaphelelanga'.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba, xa usiva igama elithi `Diabetes Insipidus`, ungalibhidanisi nelithi `Diabetes Mellitus`. Zombini ezi meko zinegama elithi `diabetes` kuba zombini ezi meko zineempawu ezifanayo zokunxanwa kakhulu kunye nokuchama rhoqo. Igama elithi `diabetes` livela kwigama lesiGrike elithi `diabainein`. Lithetha `ukudlula`. Kanye njengokuba amanzi edlula emzimbeni ngokukhawuleza aze akhutshwe njengomchamo.

Kukho iintlobo ezine eziphambili ze-'Diabetes Insipidus':

• `Isifo seswekile esiphakathi i-Insipidus (CDI)` - Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo esithetha ngalo.
• Isifo seswekile i-Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus - Izintso aziphenduli kwi-ADH.
• `Isifo seswekile i-Dipsogenic Insipidus` - Ngenxa yomnqweno wengqondo wokusela amanzi amaninzi.
• `Isifo seswekile sokukhulelwa i-Insipidus` - Imeko yexeshana eyenzeka ngexesha lokukhulelwa.

Yintoni le ADH (i-antidiuretic hormone)?

I-ADH, okanye i-vasopressin, njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngaphambili, yi-hormone eyenziwa yi-hypothalamus yakho kwaye igcinwe kwaye ikhutshwe yi - pituitary gland yakho.Zifana nezithunywa zeekhemikhali ezilawula imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yemizimba yethu. Ezi zihamba ngegazi kwaye zithwala imiyalezo kwizitho zethu zomzimba, kwimisipha nakwezinye izicwili. Ezi zimpawu zixelela umzimba into omawuyenze kunye nexesha omawuyenze ngalo.

I-hypothalamus yinxalenye yobuchopho bethu elawula ukusebenza kwenkqubo ye-autonomic nervous kunye ne-pituitary gland. Yenza i-ADH kwaye iyithumele kwi-pituitary gland ukuze igcinwe kwaye ikhululwe xa kuyimfuneko.

I-pituitary gland yi-gland encinci ekwisiseko sobuchopho, ngaphantsi nje kwe-hypothalamus. Iyinxalenye yenkqubo yethu ye-endocrine. Umsebenzi wayo kukwenza, ukugcina, nokukhupha iihomoni ezininzi ezibalulekileyo. I-ADH igcinwa kwaye ikhutshwa yi-posterior pituitary gland.

I-ADH ilawula ikakhulu ukuba zingakanani na iintso zethu eziphinda zifunxe amanzi emzimbeni wethu xa zihluza inkunkuma egazini lethu, ngaloo ndlela zigcina ulungelelwano lwamanzi emzimbeni. Ngokwesiqhelo, xa uphelelwe ngamanzi emzimbeni okanye uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi luphantsi, umzimba wakho uvelisa kwaye ukhuphe i-ADH engaphezulu. Oku kubonisa izintso ukuba "zigcine amanzi emzimbeni wakho, zingawakhuphi emchameni."

Ngoko ke, kwi-CDI, i-hypothalamus ayivelisi i-ADH eyaneleyo, okanye i-pituitary gland ayikhuphi i-ADH eyaneleyo. Yiyo loo nto kukho umchamo omninzi rhoqo.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kweCentral Diabetes Insipidus (CDI) kunye neNephrogen Diabetes Insipidus?

Iimpawu zezi meko zombini ziyafana: ukuchama kakhulu kunye nokusela amanzi amaninzi. Umahluko usekwe kwisizathu kunye nonyango lwazo zombini ezi meko.

Isifo seswekile seNephrogenous I-Insipidus yenzeka xa i-pituitary gland yakho ikhupha i-ADH eyaneleyo, kodwa izintso zakho aziphenduli kakuhle. Oku kuthetha ukuba izintso zakho azikwazi ukugcina amanzi. Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zoku:

• Amanye amayeza, umzekelo i-lithium kunye ne-tetracycline .
• Amanqanaba aphantsi e-potassium egazini (i-Hypokalemia) .
• Ukwanda kwamanqanaba e-calcium egazini (i-Hypercalcemia) .
• Ukuvaleka kwendlela yomchamo.

I-Central Diabetes Insipidus (CDI) ibangelwa kukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-hypothalamus okanye i-pituitary gland, engavelisi i-ADH eyaneleyo. Idla ngokubangelwa kukonakala kwe-hypothalamus okanye i-pituitary gland. Lo monakalo unokubangelwa zizinto ezifana nokwenzakala entloko, utyando, ukudumba, okanye iithumba.

Ngubani ofumana i-CDI? Ixhaphake kangakanani loo nto?

I-Central Diabetes Insipidus (CDI) inokukhula nakweyiphi na iminyaka, kodwa ixhaphake kakhulu ukuqala phakathi kweminyaka eli-10 nengama-20 .

I-CDI yimeko engaqhelekanga kakhulu, ichaphazela umntu omnye kuphela kwabangama-25,000 .

Zithini iimpawu ze-CDI?

Iimpawu eziphambili ze-'Central Diabetes Insipidus (CDI)' zezi:

• Ukuchama rhoqo, nokuba kusebusuku.
• Ukuchama okuninzi okukhanyayo okanye okucacileyo ngalo lonke ixesha.
• Uziva udiniwe kakhulu kwaye unxaniwe , ngoko sela iziselo rhoqo.

Nangona umntu oqhelekileyo ekhupha malunga nelitha enye ukuya kwezimbini zomchamo ngosuku, umntu one-CDI unokukhupha umchamo ofikelela kwiilitha ezili-19 (iilitha ezingama-20) ngosuku ! Khawucinge ukuba ungakanani loo mchamo!

Iimpawu kwiintsana ezincinci

Iintsana ezincinci ezine-CDI nazo zinokubonisa iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Ukungazoli nokucaphuka rhoqo.
• Ukudinwa, ukozela.
• Ukuhlanza.
• Ukuqhinwa.
• Ifiva.

Iimpawu zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni

Ukuba i-CDI ayinyangwa, okanye ukuba umntu one-CDI akaseli manzi aneleyo, ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kunokuvela ngokukhawuleza. Iimpawu zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni ziquka:

• Ukuba nesiyezi, ukuziva ukhaphukhaphu.
• Ndidiniwe.
• Umlomo owomileyo, imilebe, amehlo.
• Ubunzima bokwenza imisebenzi elula yengqondo.
• Isicaphucaphu.
• Ukuquleka.

Ukuba unxaniwe kakhulu kwaye uchama rhoqo kunye/okanye iimpawu zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuya esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza. Nangona i-CDI ingaqhelekanga, ayisiyonto yodwa enokubangela ezi mpawu. Unxaniwe kakhulu kunye nokuchama rhoqo ziimpawu ezinamandla zokuba kukho into engasebenzi kakuhle emzimbeni wakho kwaye udinga uncedo lwezonyango.

Zithini izizathu zeCentral Diabetes Insipidus (CDI)?

Eyona nto ibangela iCentral Diabetes Insipidus (CDI) kukunqongophala okupheleleyo okanye okungaphelelanga kwehomoni i-ADH. Oku kunqongophala kudla ngokubangelwa kukonakala kwe-hypothalamus yakho, i-pituitary gland, okanye izicubu ezidibanisa ezi zimbini (isiqu se-pituitary). Ezinye zezizathu ezithile ziquka:

• Ukonakala kwi-hypothalamus okanye kwi-pituitary gland ngenxa yotyando.
• Ukonakala kwi-hypothalamus okanye kwi-pituitary gland ngenxa yokwenzakala entloko, ingakumbi ukwaphuka kwe-basal skull.
• Ukudumba (iigranuloma) okubangelwa zizifo ezifana ne -sarcoidosis okanye isifo sephepha .
• Iithumba ezifana ne -craniopharyngioma okanye i-germinoma .
• I-Langerhans cell histiocytosis (esi sisifo esingaqhelekanga esinokubangela umonakalo kwizicwili okanye amanxeba kwindawo enye okanye ezingaphezulu zomzimba).
• Utshintsho lwemfuza oluzuzwe njengelifa kwi-chromosome 20 (oku kunqabile kakhulu - amatyala angaphantsi kwe-100 axelwe kwiincwadi zonyango).

Kwisithuba sesithathu seemeko ze-CDI, oogqirha abakwazi ukufumana unobangela ochanekileyo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -idiopathic central diabetes insipidus (CDI).Abaphandi bacinga ukuba ezinye iimeko ze-idiopathic CDI zinokubangelwa zizinto ezibangela ukuzikhusela komzimba. Kwiimeko zokuzikhusela komzimba, inkqubo yomzimba wakho yokuzikhusela iqala ukuhlasela izicubu eziphilileyo. Kwimeko enjalo, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela inokwenza ii-antibodies, okanye ii-lymphocytes, ezihlasela iiseli ezivelisa i-ADH.

I-CDI inokwenzeka njengenxalenye yesifo okanye imeko enkulu, njenge- Wolfram syndrome ( imeko yelifa) kunye ne-septo-optic dysplasia (isifo esingaqhelekanga sophuhliso lobuchopho kwangethuba).

Uyazi njani ukuba une-CDI? (Ukuxilongwa)

Ngenxa yokuba ukoma rhoqo kunye nokuchama kunokubangelwa zezinye iimeko, ezifana nesifo seswekile, kubalulekile ukuthintela ezinye iimeko xa uxilonga i-central diabetes insipidus (CDI). Ke ngoko, ukuba unale mpawu, ugqirha wakho unokwenza uvavanyo oluninzi.

Ukuchonga i-CDI kuquka nokufumanisa ukuba yintoni ebangela oko.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezisetyenziselwa ukuxilonga i-CDI?

Uvavanyo lokunqongophala kwamanzi yeyona ndlela ilula nethembekileyo yokuxilonga i-CDI. Ukuba ugqirha wakho uyalela olu vavanyo, uya kuqinisekisa ukuba ujongwa ngokusondeleyo ngexesha lovavanyo, kuba lunokubangela ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.

Olu vavanyo lubandakanya ukuhlala ungenazo naziphi na izinto ezilulwelo iiyure ezininzi kwaye ubone indlela umzimba wakho osabela ngayo. Ukuba une-CDI, uya kuqhubeka ukhupha umchamo omninzi omanzi (oxutyiweyo), onombala okhanyayo, nokuba uhlala ukhupha umchamo omncinci otyheli omnyama, oxineneyo.

Ugqirha wakho unokuyalela ezi mvavanyo ukunceda ekuxilongeni i-CDI kunye nokuthintela ezinye iimeko:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi ukujonga inqanaba le-ADH (i-antidiuretic hormone) egazini.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi ukujonga amanqanaba eglucose ukuze kuthintelwe isifo seswekile.
• Uvavanyo lomchamo ukujonga ubungakanani bomchamo (osmolality) kunye/okanye ukujonga ii-ketones, ezinokuthi zibonise isifo seswekile.
• Ukuze ubone indlela ezisabela ngayo izintso zakho, uza kunikwa inaliti ye-synthetic ADH. Abantu abane-Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus abaphenduli kwi-synthetic ADH kuba izintso zabo azikwazi ukumelana nemiphumo ye-ADH. Kwelinye icala, abantu abane-CDI bayasabela kwi-synthetic ADH.
• Uvavanyo lwemifanekiso olufana ne -MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) lunokusetyenziswa ukufumanisa ukuba i-pituitary gland okanye i-hypothalamus yakho yonakele na, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, yintoni unobangela.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ze-CDI?

Unyango lwe-CDI luxhomekeke kubukhali bokunqongophala kwehomoni ye-ADH.

Unayo i-CDI epheleleyo.Ukuba kunjalo, i-desmopressin lolona nyango lokuqala. Eli liyeza elisebenza njengehomoni i-ADH. Ungathatha i-desmopressin njengenaliti, njengepilisi, okanye njenge-spray yempumlo.

Ukuba une -CDI engaphelelanga , oko kuthetha ukuba i-ADH yendalo isasebenza ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile, ugqirha wakho unokukunika amanye amayeza, anjenge -hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) .

Njengonyango lweentsana ezincinci ezine-CDI, ubisi lwefomyula okanye lwebele oluxutywe ngamanzi luze lunikwe i-hydrochlorothiazide lunokunikwa.

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zeDesmopressin?

I-Desmopressin liyeza elikhuselekileyo kakhulu kwaye alinazo iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezininzi. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ziquka:

• Intloko ebuhlungu.
• Intlungu yesisu.
• Isicaphucaphu.
• Ukuxinana kwempumlo okanye impumlo evuzayo.
• Ukopha empumlweni.

Ukuba usela i-desmopressin eninzi kakhulu, okanye ukuba usela amanzi amaninzi ngelixa usela, umzimba wakho ungagcina amanzi amaninzi kakhulu. Oku kunokubangela iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Intloko ebuhlungu.
• Isiyezi.
• Ukudumba.
• Amanqanaba aphantsi etyuwa (i-sodium) egazini (i-Hyponatremia) .

Iimpawu ze-Hyponatremia:

• Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu okanye ende.
• Ukudideka.
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza.

Ukuba uneempawu ze-hyponatremia, kufuneka utsalele umnxeba ku-911 okanye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka elikufutshane ngokukhawuleza.

Umntu one-CDI angayenza njani le nto?

Ukuba une-CDI, ukongeza kunyango lwezonyango, kubaluleke kakhulu ukusela amanzi rhoqo ukuze uphephe ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.

Kubalulekile nokubona ugqirha wakho rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba unyango lwakho lusebenza kakuhle kwaye idosi yamayeza anikiweyo ichanekile.

Ziziphi izinto ezibangela umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa i-CDI?

Ngelishwa, uninzi lweemeko zeCentral Diabetes Insipidus (CDI) azinakuthintelwa. Izinto ezinokubangela umhlaza ziquka:

• Utyando lobuchopho.
• Ukuba nembali yosapho ene-diabetes insipidus kunye/okanye i-Wolfram syndrome.
• Ukulimala entloko.
• Usulelo lobuchopho.

Injani imeko yempilo yomntu one-CDI? (Ingqikelelo)

Ingqikelelo yokuba umntu one-"Central Diabetes Insipidus (CDI)" ilungile ngokubanzi, kwaye ukuba unyangwa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye kusetyenziswe ulwelo olwaneleyo, oko akubangeli ngxaki inkulu.

Nangona kunjalo, abantwana abancinci, abantu abadala, kunye nabo baneengxaki zempilo yengqondo basengozini enkulu yeengxaki nokufa kuba banokuba nobunzima bokubona unxano lwabo okanye ukuthatha inyathelo.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho zeCentral Diabetes Insipidus (CDI)?

Ingxaki ephambili ye-CDI yileUkuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni . Oku kuthetha ukuba umzimba wakho ulahlekelwa ngamanzi aneleyo kunye nee-electrolytes ukuze usebenze ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuba une-CDI, ungalawula ulwelo oluninzi olulahlekayo kumchamo wakho ngokusela ulwelo oluninzi. Kodwa ukuba awunalo, ungaphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kuyingozi, kude kube yingozi nakubomi. Ukuba uneempawu zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, ezifana nesiyezi, isicaphucaphu, kunye nokudinwa, yiya kwisibhedlele esikufutshane ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuba i-CDI kwiintsana ezincinci ayinyangwa , ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezifana nezi:

• Ukuxhuzula.
• Ukonakala kwengqondo.
• Ukulibaziseka kophuhliso.
• Ukukhula okulibazisekayo.

Ukuba i-CDI ayinyangwa ebantwaneni nakubantu abadala, iingxaki ezifana nezi:

• Ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga (i-Arrhythmia) .
• Ifiva.
• Ukoma kolusu kunye neenwebu ze-mucous (umz. ngaphakathi emlonyeni, impumlo).
• Ukuxhuzula.
• I-Coma.

Abantu abadala abane-CDI banokuba nesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-orthostatic hypotension , esiba kukwehla ngequbuliso koxinzelelo lwegazi xa bemi okanye behleli. Oku kunokubangela isiyezi okanye ukulahleka kwengqondo okwethutyana.

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha?

Ukuba une-Central Diabetes Insipidus (CDI), kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha wakho rhoqo ukuze ujonge imeko yakho kwaye uqinisekise ukuba unyango lwakho luyasebenza. Ukuba uneempawu ezikukhathazayo, qiniseka ukuba wazise ugqirha wakho.

Ukuba uneempawu zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kakhulu, ezinje ngokudideka okanye isicaphucaphu, yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka elikufutshane ngokukhawuleza.

Imibuzo omele uyibuze ugqirha wakho

Ukuba ufunyaniswe une-Central Diabetes Insipidus (CDI), kunokuba luncedo ukubuza ugqirha wakho le mibuzo:

• Kutheni ndiphuhlise i-CDI?
• Ingaba imeko yam ye-CDI ayiguquki okanye yeyexeshana?
• Ziziphi iindlela zonyango endinazo?
• Ziziphi iingenelo kunye neengxaki zeendlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango?
• Ndifanele ndisele amanzi angakanani ngosuku?
• Yintoni enye endinokuyenza ukulawula imeko yam?
• Ngaba amalungu osapho lwam asemngciphekweni wokufumana i-CDI?

Okokugqibela, eyona nto ibalulekileyo (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Isifo seswekile esiphakathi i-insipidus (CDI) sisifo esingaqhelekanga kodwa esinokuba yingozi. Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba sinokunyangwa kwaye silawulwe.Ukuba une-CDI, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha wakho rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba unyango lwakho lusebenza kakuhle. Ukuba unemibuzo malunga nemeko yakho, ungoyiki ukubuza ugqirha wakho. Bakhona ukukunceda ulawule imeko yakho. Ungalibali ukusela amanzi amaninzi, kubaluleke kakhulu!

Isifo seswekile esiphakathi i - insipidus, i-CDI, i-ADH, izintso, iihomoni, ukuchama kakhulu, ukoma kakhulu