Masifunde nge-'Central Pontine Myelinolysis (CPM), imeko enzima apho umzimba ulahlekelwa yi-sodium uze uzame ukuyibuyisela!

Ukuncipha komthamo wetyuwa, okanye i-sodium, emzimbeni wethu ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba yingozi. Kodwa ubusazi na ukuba ukuba ngequbuliso sinyusa lo mthamo unciphileyo we-sodium, singonakalisa ubuchopho bethu? Imeko enye enzulu enokwenzeka ngexesha elinjalo ibizwa ngokuba yi-'Central Pontine Myelinolysis (CPM).' Ngamanye amaxesha ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-'Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome (ODS).` Makhe sithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha, kuba le yinto sonke ekufuneka siyiqaphele.

Yintoni i-'Central Pontine Myelinolysis (CPM)`? Ngamafutshane...

Ngamafutshane, i-'Central Pontine Myelinolysis (CPM)' kukonakalisa iiseli zemithambo-luvo kwindawo ye-'Pons' embindini wesiqu sethu sobuchopho kunye nesigqubuthelo esikhuselayo esizijikelezileyo, esibizwa ngokuba yi-'myelin sheath.' Cinga ngayo njengeplastiki egqume ucingo. Le sheath ye-myelin inceda iiseli zemithambo-luvo ukuba zihambe ngokukhawuleza.

Isiqu sobuchopho bethu yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu yomzimba wethu. Kulapho ulwazi luhamba khona lusiya phambili nangasemva phakathi komqolo wethu kunye nenxalenye enkulu "yokucinga" yengqondo. Ikwanceda ukulawula imisebenzi ebalulekileyo efana nokuphefumla, ukugaya ukutya, kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo.

Ngoko ke, kwimeko ye-'CPM', esi sheath se-myelin sonakele, kwaye ekugqibeleni iiseli zemithambo-luvo zinokutshatyalaliswa. Oku kwenzeka rhoqo ukuba inqanaba le-sodium emzimbeni wethu linyuka ngequbuliso, ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Le ngozi ifika ngakumbi xa sinyanga i-sodium ephantsi emzimbeni (oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-'hyponatremia').

I-CPM inokubangela iimpawu ezahlukeneyo. Ezi ziquka ubuthathaka bemisipha, ukukhubazeka, ubunzima bokuthetha, kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha. Uninzi lwabantu luyaphila ngokupheleleyo, kodwa abanye banokuba nokukhubazeka okungapheliyo. Kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga, ukufa kunokwenzeka.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa yile meko 'ye-CPM'?

Enyanisweni, nasiphi na isifo okanye imeko enciphisa amanqanaba esodium emzimbeni inyusa umngcipheko we-CPM. Abantu ababenamanqanaba esodium aphantsi kangangeeyure ezingaphezu kwama-48 basengozini enkulu.

Iimeko ezinxulumene kakhulu ne-`CPM` zezi:

• Ukusetyenziswa kotywala ngokugqithisileyo (`Ingxaki yokusebenzisa utywala`) : Le yeyona nto iphambili.
• Ukufakelwa kwesibindi : Iingxaki zesodiyam zinokwenzeka nokuba isibindi asisebenzi kakuhle.
• Ukutsha Okukhulu : Ukutsha Okukhulu kunokubangela ukungalingani kolwelo kunye neetyuwa zomzimba.
• I-Hyperemesis gravidarum (ukuhlanza kakhulu ngexesha lokukhulelwa) : Abanye oomama bafumana ukuhlanza okukhulu ngexesha lokukhulelwa, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba amanqanaba e-sodium aphantsi.
• Ukungondleki kakuhle : Ezi ngxaki zivela nokuba akukho kutya nasiselo sifanelekileyo.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-'Central Pontine Myelinolysis'?

Inyaniso kukuba, oogqirha abanakukwazi ukuchaza ukuba le meko ixhaphake kangakanani. Esinye isizathu kukuba abantu abaninzi abane-CPM encinci ababonisi zimpawu. Oko kuthetha ukuba abazi nokuba banale meko.

Nangona kunjalo, iimeko ezinzima ze-CPM zibonakala kakhulu kubantu abasebenzisa utywala kakhulu, abantu abafumana utyando lwesibindi, kunye nabo banezinye izifo ezinzulu.

Kutheni le nto i-'Central Pontine Myelinolysis' isenzeka? Zithini izizathu?

Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, imbangela ephambili ye-'Central Pontine Myelinolysis' kukunyuka ngokukhawuleza kwamanqanaba e-sodium. Oku kudla ngokuvela xa kunyangwa amanqanaba aphantsi e-sodium emzimbeni ('hyponatremia').

Ngoku, khangela, i-sodium yi- electrolyte ebalulekileyo emizimbeni yethu. Ngamafutshane, i-sodium inceda ukulinganisela ubungakanani bolwelo ngaphakathi nangaphandle kweeseli zethu. Ukusela utywala kakhulu, isifo sesibindi, kunye nezinye iimeko zempilo ezininzi kunokubangela amanqanaba aphantsi e-sodium emzimbeni. Ukuba le meko, ebizwa ngokuba yi-hyponatremia, ayinyangwa ngokufanelekileyo, inokukhokelela ekuguleni kakhulu kwanokulaliswa esibhedlele.

Ngoko ke, xa ulaliswe esibhedlele, oogqirha bayalungisa eli nqanaba liphantsi le-sodium ngokukunika isisombululo se-saline esifakwa kwimithambo yegazi (IV) . Nangona kunjalo, ukuba inqanaba lakho le-sodium linyuka ngokukhawuleza apha, kulapho i-CPM inokwenzeka khona.

Cinga ngento eyenzekayo xa ngequbuliso ugalela amanzi amaninzi kwisityalo esomileyo. Yinto ekufuneka yenziwe ngononophelo. Kunjalo nangokulungisa amanqanaba esodium emzimbeni.

Kwenzeka njani oku `Central Pontine Myelinolysis`? Yintoni eyenzekayo ngaphakathi emzimbeni?

Xa amanqanaba esodium egazini lakho enyuka ngequbuliso ngokukhawuleza, amanzi ngaphakathi kwiiseli zemithambo-luvo ayaphuma kwiiseli. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -'osmotic shift' . Oku kubangela ukuba iiseli zemithambo-luvo ziphelelwe ngamanzi emzimbeni , ngokungathi zomile. Oku kuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni konakalisa iiseli zemithambo-luvo kunye ne-myelin sheath ezijikelezileyo. Lo monakalo kwi-myelin sheath ubizwa ngokuba yi -'myelinolysis' .

Iiseli zemithambo-luvo kwi-'Pons', eyinxalenye ye-brainstem, zichaphazeleka kakhulu lolu hlobo lwe-'myelinolysis.' Yiyo loo nto ibizwa ngokuba yi-'Central Pontine Myelinolysis.'

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-`Central Pontine Myelinolysis (CPM)` kunye ne-`Extrapontine Myelinolysis (EPM)`?

Lo monakalo we-myelin awusoloko usenzeka kwii-pons kuphela. Ngamanye amaxesha, i-myelinolysis inokwenzeka nakwezinye iindawo zobuchopho. Olu hlobo lomonakalo we-myelin ngaphandle kwee-pons lubizwa ngokuba yi-extrapontine myelinolysis (EPM) .

Nangona kunjalo, i-EPM ayiqhelekanga kakhulu. Malunga nomntu omnye kwabane abane-CPM (malunga nama-25%) banokuba ne-EPM.

Zithini iimpawu ze-'Central Pontine Myelinolysis'?

Iimpawu ze-CPM zihlala ziqala kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva kokulungiswa ngokukhawuleza kwamanqanaba e-sodium. Ezi mpawu zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni kwenzeke phi engqondweni umonakalo we-myelin kunye nokuba umonakalo ungakanani. Iimpawu eziphambili ezinokubonwa zezi:

• Utshintsho kwindlela oziphatha ngayo: njengokucaphuka ngequbuliso okanye ukucaphuka.
• Ukudideka: Ukuziva ngathi ingqondo yakho ayicacanga, ngokungathi uyalibala ukuba ukuphi kwaye lixesha lini.
• Ubunzima bokuthetha (dysarthria): Amagama ayaphela kwaye intetho ayicaci.
• Ubunzima bokuginya (dysphagia): Ubunzima bokuginya ukutya nokusela, uzive ngathi uyakrwitshwa.
• Ukukhubazeka kobuso: Icala elinye lobuso liyaphelelwa ngamandla lize liyeke ukusebenza kakuhle.
• Ubuthathaka bemisipha: Amalungu omzimba aziva ngathi ayaphelelwa ngamandla.
• Ukulahlekelwa kukulinganisela kunye nokulungelelanisa: Ukuxakeka xa uhamba, ukungakwazi ukubamba izinto kakuhle.
• Iintshukumo zemisipha ezingafunekiyo kunye nokungcangcazela (`Ukungcangcazela`): Ukungcangcazela okungalawulekiyo kwamalungu omzimba.
• Iintshukumo zamehlo ezingaqhelekanga (`Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-Oculomotor`).
• I-Parkinsonism: Ukungcangcazela, ubunzima bokuthetha, kunye nobunzima bokuhamba kunokwenzeka, okufana nesifo sikaParkinson.
• I-Quadriparesis: Ubuthathaka kuzo zonke iingalo, imilenze, kunye neenyawo ezine .

Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, i-CPM inokubangela imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-'locked-in syndrome', apho zonke izihlunu ngaphandle kwamehlo zingasebenzi kakuhle. Oku kuthetha ukuba isigulana sinokucinga kwaye sishukumise amehlo aso, kodwa asinakuthetha okanye sishukumise umzimba waso. Sisenokuwela kwi-coma okanye sife.

Ifunyanwa njani le meko `iCentral Pontine Myelinolysis`? (Ukuxilongwa)

Ugqirha wakho uya kwenza oku kulandelayo ukuze axilonge i-CPM:

• Buza ngeempawu zakho: uziva njani, ixesha elide kangakanani unezi ngxaki, njl.
• Bakhangela izizathu ezinokubakho: izinto ezifana nokuba amanqanaba akho esodium ayenjani xa wawunyangwa, kunye nokuba unezinye izifo na.
• I-MRI scan: I-MRI inokunceda ugqirha wakho abone iindawo zomonakalo (izilonda) engqondweni yakho ezibangelwa yi-myelinolysis. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha ezi ndawo zomonakalo zisenokungabonakali kwi-MRI de kube malunga neeveki ezimbini emva kokuba iimpawu ziqalile.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-'Central Pontine Myelinolysis'?

Akukho unyango oluchanekileyo noluqhelekileyo lwe-CPM. Injongo ephambili yonyango kukulawula iimpawu. Umzekelo, amayeza e-dopaminergic (amayeza anyusa amanqanaba e-dopamine) ngamanye amaxesha anokuba luncedo kubantu abaneempawu zikaParkinson (ukungcangcazela, ubunzima bokuthetha).

Abanye oogqirha baye banyanga imeko ye-'CPM' ngokunciphisa amanqanaba e-sodium kwakhona, baze bawanyuse kwakhona kancinci kancinci. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela yonyango ayisebenzi kuwo wonke umntu.

Ungazikhusela njani kwi-'Central Pontine Myelinolysis'? (Ukuthintela)

Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo.

• Ukuba unesifo esinokubangela ukuba amanqanaba e-sodium aphantsi emzimbeni wakho, yazi loo nto.
• Ukuba unengxaki yokusebenzisa utywala, nceda ucele uncedo kugqirha wakho. Ukusetyenziswa kotywala kunokubangela i-hyponatremia (amanqanaba aphantsi esodium). Kunokubangela nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwesibindi, nto leyo enokubangela ukufakelwa kwesibindi. Ezi zezona zinto ziphambili ezibangela i-CPM.

Oogqirha bathintela iCentral Pontine Myelinolysis (CPM) ngokulandela izikhokelo zonyango zangoku zokunyusa ngokukhuselekileyo nangokuthe ngcembe amanqanaba e-sodium kwizigulane ezine-hyponatremia.

Ngaba iCentral Pontine Myelinolysis inganyangeka? Ngaba ingaguqulwa?

Le yingxaki abantu abaninzi abanayo. Ngokwezifundo zakutshanje, malunga nama-94% abantu abane-CPM bayasinda. Kwakhona, phakathi kwama-25% nama-40% bayachacha ngokupheleleyo.

Nangona kunjalo, malunga nama-25% abantu abane-CPM abaphili ngokupheleleyo. Aba bantu banokufuna inkxaso ebomini babo bonke. Unyango olufana nonyango lokuthetha, unyango lomsebenzi, kunye nonyango lomzimba lunokubanceda benze imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla.

Ungaphila njani nemeko ye-'CPM'?

Ugqirha wakho uza kukunika icebiso olifunayo. Ngokulandela loo nkqubo yonyango ngokuchanekileyo, unokulawula iimpawu eziphazamisana nobomi bakho bemihla ngemihla.

Wena nosapho lwakho ningazuza kakhulu kwiinkonzo ezixhasayo. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokhathalelo lwasekhaya, amaqela enkxaso, kunye nezinye izibonelelo.

Ungalufumana njani uncedo ngengxaki yokusebenzisa utywala?

Oogqirha banyanga ingxaki yokusebenzisa utywala ngonyango lokuziphatha kunye namayeza. Kukwakho namaqela amaninzi enkxaso anika inkxaso kunye nokunceda ngoxanduva.

Abantu abanengxaki yokusebenzisa utywala banokufumana unyango kwizibhedlele, kwiindawo zokuhlala ezilungisa imeko yabo, okanye ngeenkonzo zonyango lwangaphandle.

Inyathelo lokuqala lokuchacha kwingxaki yokusebenzisa utywala kukuvuma ukuba unengxaki. Xa ufuna uncedo kugqirha, unyusa kakhulu amathuba akho okuchacha.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo - khumbula! (Umyalezo oya nawo ekhaya)

I-Central Pontine Myelinolysis (CPM) yimeko enokuthintelwa ngokwenene. Oogqirha balandela izikhokelo zangoku zokunyusa ngononophelo nangononophelo amanqanaba e-sodium kwizigulane ezine-hyponatremia (i-sodium ephantsi).

Ungawunciphisa umngcipheko wakho, ingakumbi ukuba unengxaki yokusebenzisa utywala, ngokuthatha amanyathelo okuyeka. Ukuba ufuna uncedo, thetha nogqirha wakho. Banokukunika inkxaso kunye nezixhobo ozidingayo ukuze wenze utshintsho kwindlela ophila ngayo kwaye uphuhlise imikhwa enempilo.

Khumbula, ukuqonda yeyona ndlela ikhuselekileyo!

I- Myelinolysis yePontine eseMbindini, uBuchongo, iMithambo, iSodium, iMyelin, uTywala, iCPM