Ngaba unyango lomhlaza lungayichaphazela intliziyo yakho? Masithethe ngetyhefu yentliziyo!

Ngaba ufumana unyango lomhlaza? Okanye ngaba kukho umntu omaziyo ofumana unyango olunjalo? Ngamanye amaxesha unyango lomhlaza lunokuba nefuthe elincinci entliziyweni yethu. Yiloo nto siza kuthetha ngayo namhlanje. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-cardiotoxicity . Ungakhathazeki, masiqonde oku ngokulula.

Ngoko ke yintoni i-cardiotoxicity?

Ngamafutshane, ubuthi bentliziyo kukulimala kwentliziyo yethu okubangelwa ziindlela ezithile zonyango lomhlaza okanye amayeza omhlaza. Khumbula, ngamanye amaxesha esi siphumo sinokwenzeka nasemva kweminyaka emininzi unyango lomhlaza lukhona. Lo mngcipheko uphezulu kakhulu kubantu abadala abanyangelwa umhlaza besebancinci, oko kukuthi, besebancinci. Ayizizo zonke iindlela zonyango lomhlaza ezibangela oku, kodwa kukho ezinye iindlela zonyango ezinomngcipheko omkhulu wokubangela ubuthi bentliziyo.

Le meko ingenza kube nzima ukuba intliziyo yakho ipompe igazi ngokufanelekileyo emzimbeni wakho wonke. Kwezinye iimeko ezinzima, oku kunokukhokelela kwisifo semisipha yentliziyo esibizwa ngokuba yi-cardiomyopathy , esenza kube nzima nangakumbi ukuba intliziyo yakho ipompe igazi.

Ngubani onokuthi achatshazelwe kakhulu yi-cardiotoxicity?

Enyanisweni, nabani na oye wafumana unyango lomhlaza usengozini yokuba nesifo sentliziyo. Nangona kunjalo, umngcipheko uphezulu kwabo basebenzise amayeza athile okanye abaye bafumana unyango lwemitha esifubeni.

Kwakhona, njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, le meko ixhaphakile kubantu abaye banyangwa umhlaza besebancinci, oko kukuthi, xa bebadala. Kunzima ukutsho ukuba oku kuxhaphake kangakanani kubantu abaye banyangwa umhlaza xa bebadala. Nangona kunjalo, ngokweengxelo ezithile, malunga nama-20% aba bantu banokujamelana nesifo sentliziyo, kwaye phakathi kwe-7% kunye ne-10% banokuba ne-cardiomyopathy okanye ukusilela kwentliziyo. Ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela oku.

Le ngxaki yentliziyo ichaphazela njani umzimba wakho?

Ukutshaya kwentliziyo kunokubangela iingxaki ezahlukeneyo zentliziyo. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi:

• I-Cardiomyopathy: Oku kwenzeka xa izihlunu zentliziyo ziba buthathaka kwaye intliziyo ingakwazi ukupompa igazi ngokufanelekileyo.
• Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo okanye ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo: Mhlawumbi ukhe weva ngale nto. Ingabangelwa kukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi entliziyweni.
• Isifo semithambo yentliziyo: Ukuncitshiswa okanye ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi ethwala igazi ukuya entliziyweni.
• Ukusilela kwentliziyo: Intliziyo ayikwazi ukupompa igazi ukuze ihlangabezane neemfuno zomzimba.
• Isifo seValve yentliziyo: Iivalve zentliziyo azisebenzi kakuhle.
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga (i-Arrhythmia):Ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga, nokuba kubetha kancinci, ngokukhawuleza, okanye ngaphandle kwesingqisho.
• Ukwanda kolwelo olujikeleze intliziyo.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi okanye oluphezulu.
• Isantya sentliziyo esicothayo.
• I-Constrictive Pericarditis: Kule meko, ulwelwesi olungaphandle lwentliziyo luyaqina, nto leyo enciphisa indawo yokuba intliziyo ikhule ngokukhululekileyo.

Zithini iimpawu zesifo sentliziyo?

Kukho iimpawu ezininzi zesifo sentliziyo ezinxulumene nokutsha kwentliziyo. Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi, kubalulekile ukuba uxhalabe:

• Ukuvuvukala kwesisu: Isisu sivuthuluka phambili, njengokuvuthuluka.
• Intlungu Yesifuba: Isifuba sinokuvakala siqinile okanye sixinene.
• Isiyezi.
• Ukubetha Kwentliziyo: Khawuthelekelele uziva ngathi intliziyo yakho ibetha ngamandla esifubeni sakho, okanye ibetha kakhulu.
• Ukuphelelwa ngamandla okanye ukuPhefumla: Uziva uphelelwa ngamandla kwaye uphefumla kancinci emva kokwenza umsebenzi omncinci.
• Ukudumba kwemilenze kunye nokugcinwa kolwelo (i-edema): Ukudumba kwenzeka, ingakumbi emilenzeni nasemaqatheni.

Zithini izizathu eziphambili zokuchaphazeleka yintliziyo?

Kukho unyango lomhlaza olunokubangela ubuthi bentliziyo. Ezona zibalulekileyo zezi:

• IiAnthracyclines: Umzekelo , iDoxorubicin (Adriamycin®) . Ezi luhlobo lweyeza le-chemotherapy elisetyenziswa rhoqo ukunyanga umhlaza ofana ne -leukemia, i-lymphoma, umhlaza webele, i-sarcoma, okanye i-multiple myeloma .
• I-Trastuzumab (iHerceptin®): Eli liyeza lonyango elijoliswe kulo elisetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza webele, umhlaza wesisu, okanye umhlaza we-gastroesophageal junction. Kukho umngcipheko ophezulu we-cardiomyopathy, ingakumbi xa eli liyeza linikwa kunye ne-anthracycline.
• Unyango lweMisebe esifubeni: Olu nyango lukwasetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo ezinje ngomhlaza webele okanye i-leukemia .

Oogqirha bayifumanisa njani le meko yokuba nesifo sentliziyo?

Oogqirha bajonga kakhulu indlela intliziyo yakho epompa ngayo igazi ukuze babone ukuba unesifo sentliziyo na. Oku kulinganiswa ngovavanyo olubizwa ngokuba yiLeft Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) . Bajonga nendlela esebenza ngayo ivalvu zentliziyo yakho. I-LVEF ilinganisa ukuba lingakanani igazi elipompayo liphuma kwigumbi elisezantsi kwicala lasekhohlo lentliziyo yakho (iLeft Ventricle) ngexesha.

Kukho iimvavanyo ezininzi ezisetyenziswa ngoogqirha ukulinganisa ezi zinto:

• I-Echocardiogram: Olu lolona vavanyo luphambili lokujonga imifanekiso olusetyenziswa rhoqo ukufumanisa ubuthi bentliziyo. Lusebenzisa ii-electrodes kunye namaza e-ultrasound ukujonga izinga lentliziyo yakho kunye nendlela igazi elihamba ngayo entliziyweni yakho. Lufana novavanyo olwenziwa koomama abakhulelweyo, kodwa olu lolwentliziyo.
• I-Cardiac MRI: Ezinye iingcali zithi olu luvavanyo olusemgangathweni oluphezulu lokufumanisa ubuthi bentliziyo. Lusebenzisa iimagnethi, amaza erediyo, kunye nekhompyutha ekhethekileyo ukuthatha imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zezakhiwo zentliziyo yakho kunye nokuvavanya indlela igazi elihamba ngayo kuyo.
• Uvavanyo loxinzelelo lwentliziyo: Olu vavanyo lulinganisa indlela intliziyo yakho esabela ngayo kwimisebenzi enzima. Ucelwa ukuba uhambe nge-treadmill okanye ukhwele ibhayisekile engashukumiyo. Ngeli xesha, uqhagamshelwe kumatshini olinganisa izinga lentliziyo yakho kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi.
• I-Multigated Acquisition Scan (MUGA): Olu vavanyo luvavanya ukusebenza kwamagumbi entliziyo yakho (ii-ventricles). Kusetyenziswa i-radioactive tracer ekhuselekileyo koku. Ibonakala ngokucacileyo kwi-scan. Ugqirha ujonga indlela le tracer ehamba ngayo kwimithambo yegazi yakho, aze emva koko abale i-ejection fraction yakho.
• I-CT Scan yentliziyo: I-CT scan ithatha ii-X-ray kwiikona ezahlukeneyo ukuze idale umfanekiso ocacileyo wentliziyo. Olu vavanyo lunokuba luncedo kakhulu, ingakumbi kubantu abacinga ukuba isifo sentliziyo emva konyango lwe-radiation esifubeni.

Inyangwa njani le meko yokuchaphazeleka yintliziyo?

Ngokuxhomekeke kumayeza owasebenzisayo ngoku, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba uyeke amanye awo okanye unciphise umthamo wawo. Ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza anokunceda intliziyo yakho isebenze kakuhle. Umzekelo:

• Izithinteli ze-ACE: Umzekelo , iLisinopril (Zestril®) okanye iFosinopril Sodium (Monopril®)Kulungile. Oku kwenziwa zezi zinto kukuvula imithambo yegazi yakho nokwenza kube lula ukuba igazi lihambe.
• Ii-Beta-blockers: Umzekelo , i-metoprolol (Lopressor®) okanye i-atenolol (Tenormin®) . Ezi zinyusa ukuhamba kwegazi kwaye zinciphise isantya sentliziyo.
• I-Digoxin, ekwaziwa ngokuba yiDigitalis (iLanoxin®): Oku kuyayicothisa isantya sentliziyo kwaye kunceda intliziyo ukuba ibethe kakuhle.
• I-Diuretics (ekwabizwa ngokuba ziipilisi zamanzi): Umzekelo , i-Furosemide (Lasix®) . Ezi zisebenza ngokukhupha ulwelo olugqithisileyo (amanzi) emzimbeni ngomchamo.
• IiVasodilators: Umzekelo , i-Isosorbide Dinitrate (Isordil®) . Ezi zisebenza ngokwandisa (ukuvula) imithambo yegazi, zivumela igazi ukuba lihambe ngokulula.

Ngaba kukho into esinokuyenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko we-cardiotoxicity?

Enyanisweni, akukho ndlela yokuthintela ngokupheleleyo ubuthi bentliziyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufunyenwe unomhlaza, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxoxa ngezinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga zonyango, oko kukuthi, iingozi zempilo kunye neenzuzo, nogqirha wakho.

Kwakhona, uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo lwemifanekiso yentliziyo ngexesha lonyango lomhlaza lunokunceda ekufumaneni ubuthi bentliziyo kwasekuqaleni. Cinga nje, ukuba kukho ingxaki, okukhona ichongwa kwangethuba, kokukhona kunokwenzeka ukuba inyangwe ngempumelelo.

Ngaba le meko yokudakumba kwentliziyo ingabuyiselwa kwimeko yayo yangaphambili, oko kukuthi, inganyangeka?

Ngamanye amaxesha, ewe. Kukho iimeko apho ubuthi bentliziyo bunokuguqulwa. Uphando lubonise ukuba ubuthi bentliziyo emva kokusebenzisa iyeza elibizwa ngokuba yiTrastuzumab bunokuguqulwa.

Nangona kunjalo, ubuthi bentliziyo obubangelwa kukusetyenziswa kwe-anthracyclines kudla ngokuba nzima ukubuguqula. Bufuna unyango lwexesha elide. Ngokufanayo, ubuthi bentliziyo obunxulunyaniswa nemitha yesifuba nako kunzima kakhulu ukubuguqula. Ngamanye amaxesha unyango lwexesha elide, kwanotyando, lunokufuneka.

Ndifanele ndifune nini ingcebiso yezonyango ngoko nangoko? Ndingenza ntoni xa kukho imeko engxamisekileyo?

Ukuba uneempawu zesifo sentliziyo esibi kakhulu, fowunela u-911 ngoko nangoko ukuze ufumane i-ambulensi, okanye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka elikufutshane. Qaphela ngakumbi ezi mpawu:

• Ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza okanye ukuziva ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza okungapheliyo.
• Ukuba nesiyezi, ukuziva ngathi unomsindo, okanye uphelelwa ngamandla.
• Ukwanda ngequbuliso kokuphefumla okanye iintlungu zesifuba.
• Ukudumba komqala okanye imilebe.
• Ukudumba okungaqhelekanga kwemilenze okanye iinyawo.
• Ukunyuka kobunzima obungaphezulu kwe-1.5 kg (iikhilogram ezi-3) ngeveki.

Ukuba unale mpawu , kubalulekile ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokuchitha ixesha, kuba ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zesifo esinzulu, esifana nesifo sentliziyo.

Okokugqibela, umyalezo obalulekileyo omele uthathwe ekhaya!

Kulungile, sithethe kakhulu nge-cardiotoxicity. Ngamafutshane, i-cardiotoxicity kukulimala kwentliziyo okubangelwa lunyango lomhlaza. Ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abaye bafumana amayeza athile e-chemotherapy, amayeza onyango ajoliswe kubo, okanye unyango lwe-radiation esifubeni.

Nangona ezinye iintlobo zesifo sentliziyo zinokuguqulwa, ezinye zifuna unyango lwexesha elide. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho malunga neenzuzo kunye neengozi ezinokubakho zonyango lwakho ukuba unyangwa umhlaza. Kwakhona, ukuba novavanyo lwentliziyo rhoqo ngexesha lonyango lwakho kunokunceda ekuchongeni naziphi na iingxaki kwangethuba kwaye uqale unyango kwangethuba.

Musa ukoyika, kodwa lumka. Lumka intliziyo yakho. Ukuba ufumana naziphi na iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga, musa ukuzityeshela. Funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko.

Ubuthi bentliziyo , Unyango lomhlaza, Isifo sentliziyo, Unyango lweKhemotherapy, Unyango lweMisebe, Impilo yentliziyo, Ubuthi bentliziyo