Sonke siyayoyika kancinci igama elithi "cholesterol," akunjalo? Sihlala sisiva ukuba i-cholesterol ephezulu inokukhokelela ekuhlaselweni yintliziyo kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo. Enyanisweni kukho inyaniso eninzi kweli bali. Xa i-cholesterol iqokelelana kwimithambo yegazi yethu ize iqale ukuyivala, kulapho ezi zifo ziyingozi ziba yingxaki. Ke namhlanje, masithethe malunga nokuba zezi depositi ze-cholesterol ziyintoni, zivela njani, kwaye singaziphepha njani kwaye sihlale sisempilweni.
Yintoni i-cholesterol kunye ne-atherosclerosis?
Ngamafutshane, kufana nothuli oluqokelelana ngaphakathi kwimibhobho yethu yamanzi luze luyivale ngokuhamba kwexesha. I-cholesterol, amafutha, nezinye izinto zakhana kwimithambo yegazi, ezibizwa ngokuba yimithambo yegazi, kwaye zenze "iiplaque." Kwizonyango , le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-atherosclerosis .
Eyona nto ibangela oku yi -LDL cholesterol . Njengoko sonke sisazi, oku kubizwa ngokuba yi- "cholesterol embi" . Le cholesterol ye-LDL yiyo eyonakalisa udonga lwemithambo yegazi ize iqale ukugcwala apho. Eyona nto iyingozi kukuba le meko ikhula buthule ngaphakathi emzimbeni iminyaka emininzi ngaphandle kweempawu.
Le meko, ebizwa ngokuba yi-atherosclerosis, yeyona nto ibangela izifo ezinzulu ezifana nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, kunye nesifo semithambo yegazi.
Zenzeka njani ezi depositi ze-cholesterol?
Oku akwenzeki ngobusuku obunye. Le yinkqubo enzima kakhulu ethatha iminyaka. Khawuthelekelele ukuba imithambo yethu ifana neetyhubhu ezinomphezulu ogudileyo nothambileyo ngaphakathi. Le nkqubo yenzeka ngolu hlobo.
- Inyathelo 1: Ukonakala kodonga lwemithambo: Izinto ezifana ne-cholesterol ephezulu, ukutshaya, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, kunye nesifo seswekile zinokukrwela, okanye zonakalise, ulwelo olungaphakathi oluthambileyo lwemithambo (i-endothelium). Kufana nokukrwela udonga oluhle.
- Inyathelo lesi-2: Ukungena kweCholesterol: Ukusuka kwezi ndawo zonakeleyo, i-cholesterol "embi" ye-LDL edada egazini ingena kancinci kancinci eludongeni lwemithambo yegazi. Emva koko iqala ukuqokelelana apho.
- Inyathelo Lesithathu: Ukwakheka kwePlaque: Iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi zomzimba wethu ziza apho ukuze "zitye" le cholesterol ingene eludongeni lwemithambo yegazi. Kodwa oku kufana nemfazwe. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, zonke ezi seli zifileyo kunye necholesterol ziyaqokelelana kwaye zenze ubunzima obukhulu njengeporridge. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-cholesterol plaque.
Le meko ixhaphake kakhulu kangangokuba ngamanye amaxesha amanqanaba okuqala ezi zinto zifakwayo (imiqolo yamafutha) anokubonwa nakwimithambo yegazi yabantu abaselula.
Zeziphi iingozi ezinokubangela ezi nkunkuma emizimbeni yethu?
Xa sele zenziwe ngaphakathi eludongeni lwemithambo yegazi, ezi ntsalela zinokuziphatha ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ezinye zazo zisenokungakhuli zibe nkulu kwaye zihlale zinjalo. Ezinye zazo zisenokukhula zibe nkulu kwaye zivale ukuhamba kwegazi kancinci kancinci. Kodwa eyona nto iyingozi kakhulu enokwenzeka kukuba le ntsalela iqhuma ngequbuliso (ukuqhekeka) .
Xa oko kusenzeka, umzimba wethu ngoko nangoko wenza ihlwili legazi ukuze livale inxeba. Khawucinge ukuba bekuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ihlwili legazi livele ngequbuliso ngaphakathi kumthambo osele unciphile kwaye ulivale ngokupheleleyo? Leyo yeyona nto iphambili ebangela ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo okanye istroke.
| Imeko yezonyango | Indlela eyenzeka ngayo kwaye ithetha ukuthini |
|---|---|
| Isifo seMitha yeCoronary | Xa ezi ntsalela zisenzeka kwimithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi entliziyweni, zinokubangela iintlungu zesifuba (i-angina). Ukuba intsalela iyaqhawuka ize ivale ngokupheleleyo imithambo yegazi, izihlunu zentliziyo ziyafa ngaphandle kokunikezelwa kwegazi. Oku sikubiza ngokuba kukuhlaselwa yintliziyo . |
| Isifo seCerebrovascular | Ukuba ihlwili kumthambo ohambisa igazi engqondweni liyaqhuma, lingonakalisa ingqondo lize libangele isifo sohlangothi . Ngamanye amaxesha umthambo uvalekile okwethutyana kwaye iimpawu ziyavela ziphele. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack). Olu luphawu olubalulekileyo lwesilumkiso sokuba isifo sohlangothi esikhulu siyeza. |
| Isifo semithambo esijikeleze udonga (i-PAD) | Ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi emilenzeni. Oku kunokubangela iintlungu emilenzeni xa uhamba, kunye nokuphiliswa kancinci kwamanxeba. Ukuba isifo siyaqhubeka, sisenokufuna ukunqunyulwa kwemilenze. |
Singasinda njani kule meko iyingozi?
Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba i-atherosclerosis yimeko enokuthintelwa. Kukho izinto ezi-9 eziphambili ezibangela i-90% yokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo. Makhe sijonge ukuba ziyintoni na.
| Into enobungozi | Oko kufuneka sikwazi |
|---|---|
| Ukutshaya | Yonakalisa ngokuthe ngqo iindonga zemithambo yegazi. |
| I-cholesterol ephezulu | Ibonelela ngezinto ezifunekayo ukuze kwenziwe iidiphozithi. |
| Igazi elonyukayo | Yonakalisa udonga lwemithambo yegazi ngokufaka uxinzelelo kuzo. |
| Isifo seswekile | Ukwanda kwamanqanaba eswekile egazini kuyingozi kwimithambo yegazi. |
| Ukutyeba esiswini (amafutha esiswini) | Uphawu olunyusa umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo. |
| Uxinzelelo | Uxinzelelo oluhlala ixesha elide luyingozi emzimbeni. |
| Ukutya iziqhamo nemifuno embalwa | Umzimba awufumani ii-antioxidants ozifunayo. |
| Ukusela utywala ngokugqithisileyo | Ichaphazela i-cholesterol kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi. |
| Ukungazilolongi umzimba | Yehlisa amanqanaba e-cholesterol elungileyo kwaye yonyusa i-cholesterol embi. |
Njengoko ubona, uninzi lwezi zinto zinobungozi zizinto esinokuzilawula . Oko kuthetha ukuba sinethuba elikhulu lokuphepha esi sifo siyingozi ngokutshintsha indlela esiphila ngayo.
Indlela yokunyanga nokulawula?
I-atherosclerosis kunzima ukuyiguqula ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngonyango olufanelekileyo kunye notshintsho lwendlela yokuphila, ezi zidipozithi zinokumiswa okanye zincitshiswe . Kukwakho nobungqina bokuba ezinye iindlela zonyango ezinamandla zinokunciphisa okanye zisuse iidipozithi.
Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila
Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo neyokuqala ukuyenza.
- Ukuzilolonga: Nokuba unciphisa umzimba okanye akunjalo, ukuzilolonga imihla ngemihla kunyusa i-cholesterol "elungileyo" ye-HDL.
- Ukutya okunempilo: Yitya ukutya okune-fiber eninzi kunye namafutha aphantsi. Yitya iziqhamo, imifuno kunye nemifuno emininzi.
- I-Omega-3: Ukutya okutyebileyo kwi-omega-3, njengeentlanzi ezinamafutha (i-salmon, i-mackerel, i-herring), kunokunyusa i-cholesterol "elungileyo" ye-HDL.
- Yeka ukutshaya: Yeka ukutshaya namhlanje. Sesinye sezipho ezilungileyo onokuzinika intliziyo yakho.
Amayeza
Ukongeza kwiinguqu zendlela yokuphila, abanye abantu banokunikwa amayeza ngugqirha wabo.
- Iistatini: Ezi zezona ziyobisi zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekunciphiseni i-cholesterol. Zinokunciphisa kakhulu i-cholesterol "embi" ye-LDL. (Umzekelo: i-Atorvastatin, i-Rosuvastatin, i-Simvastatin). Zizinzisa ii-plaque kwaye zinciphise umngcipheko wokuqhekeka.
- IiFibrates: Ezi zinceda ekunciphiseni olunye uhlobo lwamafutha olubizwa ngokuba yi-triglycerides (umz. iGemfibrozil, iFenofibrate).
- Amayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi: Ukuba unexinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, kufuneka uthathe amayeza amiselweyo ukuze uwalawule kanye njengoko uyalelwe.
- Izinto zokunciphisa igazi: Amayeza anjenge-aspirin kunye ne-clopidogrel anokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwegazi. Nangona kunjalo, ungaze uqale ukuwasela la mayeza ngaphandle kokubonisana nogqirha wakho kuqala .
Iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo ezinokwenziwa ngamanye amaxesha
Ukuba imithambo yegazi ivalekile kakhulu kwaye iimpawu zinzima, oogqirha banokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo.
- I-Angioplasty kunye ne-Stenting:Kule meko, ityhubhu encinci kakhulu (i-catheter) idluliselwa kumthambo osemlenzeni okanye engalweni ukuya entliziyweni, kwaye ibhaluni encinci ivuthelwa kwindawo evalekileyo. Emva koko, ityhubhu encinci efana ne-mesh (i-stent) ifakwa kumthambo ukuze ithintelwe ukuba ingaphinde inciphe.
- Utyando Lokudlula Kwindlela Ehamba Ngayo: Kule meko, oogqirha bathatha umthambo wegazi ophilileyo kwenye indawo yomzimba (umlenze okanye isifuba) baze benze indlela entsha yokuba igazi lihambe kuyo yonke indawo evalekileyo. Kufana nokwenza indlela yokudlula kwindlela ethintela umzila.
Ngenxa yokuba ezi ndlela zinemingcipheko ethile, zicetyiswa kuphela kwiimeko eziqatha.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-atherosclerosis yimeko eyingozi ekhula buthule emzimbeni kangangeminyaka. Musa ukulinda ukuba kuvele iimpawu.
- Indlela ophila ngayo yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kuwe. Ukutya ngendlela enempilo, ukuzilolonga, kunye nokuyeka ukutshaya kunokwenza umahluko omkhulu.
- Hlala uqaphela i-cholesterol yakho, uxinzelelo lwegazi, kunye namanqanaba eswekile. Fumana uhlolo lwezonyango rhoqo.
- Ukuba uneengxaki okanye imbali yosapho lwakho ye-cholesterol okanye isifo sentliziyo, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho ngayo.
- Sela amayeza akho kanye njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuyalele, ngexesha elimiselweyo. Kuphephe ukuqala okanye ukuyeka amayeza ngokwakho.
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