Ngaba ungumntu obukela iidrama zolwaphulo-mthetho kwiTV? Okanye ungumntu ocinga ukuba, "Kwenzeke ntoni ngokwenene kule nto yokufa?" xa ubona ibali leendaba malunga nokufa okungaqondakaliyo kwiphephandaba? Ngamaxesha anje, igama elinye esiliva rhoqo lithi "Ingcali yezifo zengqondo." Kodwa uninzi lwethu alwazi ukuba ngubani lo ngcali wezifo zengqondo kunye nendima yakhe. Ke namhlanje, masithethe ngale ndawo ibaluleke kakhulu yezonyango.
Ngubani lo 'gqirha ochwephesha kwezonyango'?
Ngamafutshane, ingcali yezifo zengqondo ngugqirha oqhuba uphando lwezonyango ngokufa okungalindelekanga, okurhanelekayo, okungaqhelekanga, okanye okunobundlobongela. Ngabo bafuna unobangela wokufa, indlela yokufa, kunye nabo nabuphi na ubungqina bezonyango obunxulumene nako.
Lo msebenzi bawenza ngokuyintloko ngokwenza uvavanyo emva kokufa, okanye utyando lwesidumbu . Oko kukuthi, uvavanyo lwezonyango lwesidumbu somntu oswelekileyo. Umsebenzi wabo unxulumene kakhulu nonyango kunye nomthetho.
"I-Pathology" lisebe lezonyango elihlola iisampulu zezicubu zomzimba kwilebhu ukuze kufunyanwe izifo okanye ngeenjongo zophando. Igama elithi "forensic" lithetha "ukuhambelana nendlela yesayensi yokusombulula ulwaphulo-mthetho." Kodwa nangona eli gama linjalo, ayikuko konke ukufa okuhlolwayo ngoogqirha bezonyango oluyimfuneko njengolwaphulo-mthetho. Ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba yingozi okanye imeko yezonyango engafunyaniswanga.
Ziziphi iindawo zobuchwephesha abagqirha abanazo?
Ingcali yezifo zengqondo ngumntu ofumene uqeqesho olukhethekileyo oludlula kakhulu ologqirha oqhelekileyo. Ulwazi lwakhe lubandakanya iinkalo ezahlukeneyo. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi ezo zinto.
| Intsimi ekhethekileyo | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| I-Toxicology | Le yisayensi efunda iityhefu, indlela ezichaphazela ngayo umzimba, kunye nendlela yokuzibona. Umzekelo, ukufa okubangelwa zizinto ezifana netyhefu ye-carbon monoxide, ukulunywa yinyoka okanye zizinambuzane, kunye nokugqithisa ii-opioids okanye utywala kuyaphandwa ngale ndlela. ESri Lanka, ukufa okubangelwa zizinto ezifana neekhemikhali zezolimo nako kuphantsi kolu didi. Ukuba umntu urhanela ukuba kukho ityhefu, fumana ulwazi ngayo.Ungatsalela umnxeba iZiko loLwazi lweTyhefu leSizwe kwiSibhedlele sikaZwelonke. |
| Isayensi yezixhobo zomlilo kunye neembumbulu (iiBallistics) | Oku kuquka ukufunda intshukumo yeembumbulu ezifana neembumbulu kunye nemiphumo ezibangelayo. Kwimeko yokufa ngenxa yenxeba lokudutyulwa, olu lwazi lubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba imbumbulu ingene njani emzimbeni kwaye yenze umonakalo ongakanani. |
| Ubungqina bokulandelela | Ezi zizinto ezincinci kakhulu ezishiyekayo xa abantu ababini okanye izinto zingqubana. Umzekelo, izinto ezifana nengubo, ulwelo lomzimba, umgubo wesibhamu, iinwele, iminwe. Nangona ezi zinto zingabonakali ngamehlo enyama, zinokuba bubungqina obubalulekileyo bokufumanisa unobangela wokufa. |
| I-Serology | Oku kuquka ukufunda igazi kunye nolunye ulwelo lomzimba. Izazinzulu zezophando zihlola ezi sampuli phantsi kwemakroskopu okanye zisebenzisa oomatshini abahlukeneyo ukuzivavanya. Oku kunokubonisa izinto ezininzi, njengohlobo lwegazi lomntu oswelekileyo kunye nokuba wayenazo naziphi na iingxaki zempilo. |
| Itekhnoloji ye-DNA | I-DNA lulwazi lwethu lwemfuza. Izazinzulu ze-forensic zisebenzisa obu buchwepheshe. Umzekelo, zibusebenzisa ukuthelekisa isampulu ye-DNA efunyenwe kwindawo yolwaphulo-mthetho ne-DNA yomrhanelwa, okanye ukuqinisekisa ubuwena bomzimba ongaziwayo. |
Yintoni kanye kanye eyenziwa yingcali yezifo zengqondo?
Umsebenzi oyintloko womhloli wezifo kukufumanisa indlela, ixesha, kunye nendlela yokufa xa kuthe kwenzeka ukufa okungalindelekanga okanye okunobundlobongela. Indlela yokufa kukuba ingaba ukufa bekukubulala, ukuzibulala, ngengozi, ngokwendalo, okanye akukacaci.
Ukuze afumane ezi zinto, isazinzulu sezobugqirha silandela la manyathelo:
- Ukuqinisekisa ubuwena bomfi: Inyathelo lokuqala kukuqinisekisa ubuwena bomfi. Ulwazi olufunekayo luyaqokelelwa.
- Ukufunda imbali yezonyango zomfi: Sijonga izifo zakhe zangaphambili kunye namayeza akhe, njengoko oku kunokubonelela ngezikhokelo zesizathu sokufa.
- Uvavanyo lobungqina bendawo yolwaphulo-mthetho: Ukuba kurhanelwa ukuba ukufa kulwaphulo-mthetho, sisebenzisana namapolisa ukuphanda unxibelelwano phakathi kobungqina kwindawo yolwaphulo-mthetho kunye nokufa.
- Ukuqhuba uhlolo lwesidumbu: Lo ngumsebenzi wabo ophambili. Bahlola umzimba ngononophelo, ngaphandle nangaphakathi, ukuze babone ukuba kukho ukwenzakala okanye izifo. Babhala phantsi yonke into abayifumanayo, njengoko oku kunokuba bubungqina obubalulekileyo enkundleni yomthetho.
- Ukuqokelela nokuhlalutya ubungqina bezobungcali: Ubungqina obuphambili, obufana neenwele, iziqwenga zentambo, kunye nezinto ezincinci ezifunyenwe phantsi kwesikhumba, buyaqokelelwa buhlolwe kwilebhu.
Nje ukuba zonke ezi phando zigqityiwe, ingcali yezonyango iza kulungiselela ingxelo epheleleyo ebhaliweyo echaza unobangela, ixesha, kunye nendlela yokufa. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, banokufuneka banike ubungqina njengengqina eliyingcali enkundleni malunga nezi nyaniso.
Ukongeza ekuhlolweni kwezidumbu, iingcali zezifo zengqondo ngamanye amaxesha zibandakanyeka ekuhloleni abantu abaphilayo abaye baxhatshazwa ngokwesondo okanye baxhatshazwa ngokwasemzimbeni.
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwengcali yezifo zengqondo, ingcali yezifo zengqondo kunye nengcali yovavanyo lwezonyango?
Nangona siwavile onke la magama amathathu, kukho umahluko omncinci. Ekusetyenzisweni kwaseSri Lanka, la magama angasetyenziswa ngokwahlukileyo.
- Ingcali yezonyango: Le yingcali yezonyango ebesithetha ngayo. Le yidigri yezonyango kunye noqeqesho olufunyanwa ngugqirha.
- Umhloli wezonyango: Eli ligama lomsebenzi wengcali yezifo zengqondo esebenza kwi-arhente karhulumente (umz., iOfisi yeGosa lezoNyango lezoBulungisa - iofisi ye-JMO). Oku kuthetha ukuba umntu unokuba yingcali yezifo zengqondo kunye nomhloli wezonyango ngaxeshanye.
- Umhloli wezifo: Lo ligosa likarhulumente elimiselweyo okanye elinyuliweyo. Umsebenzi ophambili kukuqinisekisa unobangela wokufa. Kumazwe amaninzi, umhloli wezifo akangogqirha. Ngenxa yoko, basebenza kunye nengcali yezifo ezinobungozi. ESri Lanka, abahloli bezifo benza lo msebenzi.
Uba njani yingcali yezomthetho?
Olu luhambo olude kakhulu noluzinikeleyo. Ukuze ube yingcali yezobugqirha, kufuneka udlule kwezi zigaba zemfundo zilandelayo:
1. Inqanaba Eliphezulu: Okokuqala, kufuneka ufaneleke ukungena kwicandelo lezonyango leyunivesithi.
2. Isidanga sezonyango: Kufuneka ufunde kwisikolo sezonyango iminyaka emi-5-6 kwaye ufumane isidanga sezonyango esifana ne-MBBS.
3. Uqeqesho:Emva kokugqiba izifundo, kufuneka ugqibezele uqeqesho lonyaka omnye.
4. Uqeqesho lwe-postgraduate: Emva koko, kufuneka ulandele uqeqesho lwe-postgraduate ukuze ufumane ulwazi kwicandelo le-Pathology.
5. Uqeqesho lweengcali: Emva kolo qeqesho, kufuneka ufumane uqeqesho olukhethekileyo olungaphezulu phantsi kwecandelo elingaphantsi kwengcali yeForensic Pathology.
Ngenxa yako konke oku, kudla ngokuthatha iminyaka eli-12-14 ukuba yingcali yezomthetho enobuchule. Oku kubonisa ukuzinikela okufunekayo ukwenza oku.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ingcali yezifo zengqondo ngugqirha oqhuba uvavanyo lwezonyango lokufa okukrokrelwayo, okungalindelekanga, okanye okunobundlobongela.
- Umsebenzi wabo ophambili kukwenza uhlolo lwesidumbu ukuze kuchongwe ngokuchanekileyo unobangela, indlela, kunye nexesha lokufa.
- Akufuneki ukuba yonke into abaphanda ngayo ibe lulwaphulo-mthetho; isenokuba ibangelwa ziingozi okanye zizizathu zemvelo.
- Ukuba yingcali kweli candelo kufuna iminyaka emininzi yoqeqesho olukhethekileyo ukongeza kwisidanga sezonyango.
- Iziphumo zabo zibaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukuthotyelwa komthetho kunye nokuphunyezwa kobulungisa.
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