Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba amehlo ethu asebenza njani njengekhamera enkulu? Yonke into esiyibonayo, oko kukuthi, imibala, ukukhanya, iimilo, konke oku kuthunyelwa engqondweni kwimizuzwana embalwa, okusivumela ukuba sibone eli hlabathi. Ngaphakathi kweli liso lincinci, kukho iqhawe elingaziwayo elibalulekileyo embonweni wethu, kodwa asithethi ngalo kakhulu. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-'Choroid'. Nangona eli gama lingaqhelekanga, umsebenzi walo ubaluleke kakhulu. Ngoko masithethe ngale nto ngokulula nangobubele namhlanje.
Kalula nje, yintoni le choroid?
Khawuthelekelele ukuba iliso lethu liyibhola eyenziwe ziileya ezintathu. Uleya ophakathi ubizwa ngokuba yi-uvea. I-choroid yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu yoleya ophakathi. Umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukubonelela ngegazi, elilulondlo olufunekayo kwezinye iindawo ezibalulekileyo zeliso ezibalulekileyo ekuboneni kwethu. Ukongeza, ikwanceda ukulawula ubungakanani bokukhanya okungena kweliso kwaye isinike umbono ocacileyo.
Zithini imisebenzi emibini ephambili ye-choroid?
Inkonzo enikezelwa yi-choroid emehlweni ethu inokwahlulwahlulwa ibe ziinxalenye ezimbini eziphambili.
1. Ubonelelo ngeGazi
Lo ngumsebenzi obalulekileyo nophambili we-choroid. Ifana nesikhululo samandla esibonelela ngamanzi nombane kwisixeko. I -retina kunye ne -optic nerve engaphakathi kweliso lethu zifana neefektri ezimbini ezisebenza ngokungayekiyo. Ngenxa yokuba zihlala zithumela imiqondiso engqondweni, zifuna igazi elininzi kunye nesondlo kunezinye izicwili.
Ngoko ke, ngaphakathi kweli choroid kukho inethiwekhi yemithambo yegazi emincinci, ebekwe phezu komnye nomnye. Kukule nkqubo yemithambo yegazi apho i-retina kunye ne-optic nerve zifumana khona unikezelo oluqhubekayo lweoksijini kunye nezondlo. Ukuba olu nikezelo lunciphile kancinci, umbono wethu unokonakala kakhulu.
2. Ukufunxwa kokukhanya
Lo ngumsebenzi ongaziwa kangako, kodwa obaluleke kakhulu. Ngaba wakha wayibona igwebu elimnyama, elinemingxuma elinamathele eludongeni lweestudio zokurekhoda ukuze kuthintelwe isandi ukuba singavakali? Yiloo nto kanye eyenziwa yi-choroid ngaphakathi kweliso.
Usenokuba ukhe weva nge- melanin , umbala onika ulusu lwethu umbala walo omdaka. Le melanin ikwafumaneka ngobuninzi kwi-choroid. I-melanin isetyenziswa eluswini ukukhusela kwimisebe ye-ultraviolet eyingozi evela elangeni.Ikhusela ulusu ngokufunxa imisebe ye-UV. Ngaphakathi kweliso, le melanin ithintela ukukhanya okungenayo ukuba kungasasazeki ngokungeyomfuneko ngaphakathi kweliso.
Ukuze ndithethe ngqo, njengokuba ingaphakathi lekhamera limnyama, le melanin kwi-choroid inceda ekugxileni ekukhanyeni, inceda iiseli ze-photoreceptor kwi-retina ukuba zenze umfanekiso ocacileyo. Ngaphandle koko, ukukhanya ngaphakathi kweliso kunokusasazeka kuyo yonke indawo, okwenza oko sikubonayo kungabonakali.
Iphi le choroid?
I-choroid ikwicala elingasemva kwesibini kwisithathu sebhola yeliso lethu. Ngamafutshane, iphakathi kodonga olumhlophe olungaphandle lweliso lethu (i-sclera) kunye nomaleko ongaphakathi weliso, i-retina . Ifana nomaleko ophakathi wesandwich.
Olu lulwelo oluncinci kakhulu. Oko kukuthi, lunobukhulu obufana nephepha le-A4 esiliprintayo rhoqo. Kodwa ngaphakathi kolo bukhulu buncinci kukho inethiwekhi enkulu yemithambo yegazi endikhankanyileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, njengokuba sineempawu zokuzalwa eluswini lwethu, le choroid inokuba nazo iimpawu zokuzalwa (nevi). Asinakuzibona ngaphandle. Ezi zibonakala kuphela xa ugqirha wamehlo ehlola amehlo.
Ziziphi iimeko ezinokuchaphazela i-choroid?
Izinto ezininzi ezichaphazela ukujikeleza kwegazi emizimbeni yethu, njengezifo zokudumba, zinokuchaphazela ne-choroid. Kuba yenziwe ngemithambo yegazi kuphela. Ezinye zeemeko eziphambili ezinokubonwa zezi:
- I-Albinism: Imeko yemfuza enciphisa umbala we-melanin eluswini nasemahlweni. Oku kungabikho kwe-melanin kubangela ukuba amehlo angakwazi ukumelana nokukhanya (photophobia) kwaye kubangele ukuphazamiseka kokubona.
- Iimeko zokuzalwa: Umzekelo, iimeko ezifana ne-choroideremia zinokubangela umonakalo kwi-retina.
- I-retinopathy enxulumene nesifo seswekile: Isifo seswekile singonakalisa imithambo yegazi esweni, nto leyo enokuchaphazela ne-choroid.
- Ukuwohloka kwe-macular: Ingakumbi kuhlobo 'olumanzi', imithambo yegazi emitsha nebuthathaka ikhula kwi-choroid, nto leyo enokwenzakalisa ukubona.
- Umhlaza wamehlo: Umhlaza, ngakumbi i-melanoma yangaphakathi kweso, unokuvela kwi-choroid.
- I-ischemia yamehlo: Ukuphazamiseka kokuhambisa igazi elisweni, njengakwi-eye stroke.
- I-Glaucoma: Xa uxinzelelo oluphezulu emehlweni lonakalisa umthambo we-optic kunye ne-retina, i-choroid nayo inokuchaphazela ngokungathanga ngqo.
- Ukulimala kwamehlo.
- Iimeko zokudumba: Ukudumba kunye nosulelo lwangaphakathi lweliso, olufana ne-uveitis okanye i-chorioretinitis.
Uyibona njani ingxaki nge-choroid?
Xa kukho ingxaki nge-choroid, ichaphazela ngqo umbono wethu. Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela naluphi na utshintsho embonweni.
| Iimpawu zezifo ezinxulumene ne-choroid | |
|---|---|
| Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo | |
| Amabala amnyama okanye iindawo zokubona ziyanyamalala | Ukuvela kwamabala angaboniyo (i-scotomas). |
| Umbono ofipheleyo | Umbono ofipheleyo. |
| Umbono onamacala amabini | Umbono ophindwe kabini (i-diplopia). |
| Intlungu yamehlo kunye nentloko ebuhlungu | Intlungu yamehlo kunye nentloko ebuhlungu. |
| Ubunzima bokujonga ukukhanya | Uvakalelo lokukhanya (i-photophobia). |
| Iimpawu ezingxamisekileyo ezifuna unyango olukhawulezileyo | |
| Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza okubangelwa yintlungu/uxinzelelo lwamehlo | Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza okubangela iintlungu emehlweni. |
| Ukubona izangqa zomnyama zijikeleze ukukhanya | Ukubona ii-halo ezinombala we-rainbow zijikeleze izibane. |
| Ukulahlekelwa ngequbuliso okanye ukuncipha kombono | Le yimeko engxamisekileyo efuna unyango olukhawulezileyo. |
| Ukukhanya okukhawulezileyo phambi kwamehlo | Ngequbuliso ndabona izibane ezikhanyayo (photopsias). |
Ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu zongxamiseko, yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele ngaphandle kokulibazisa kwaye ubone ugqirha. Ixesha libaluleke kakhulu kwiimeko zongxamiseko zamehlo.
Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo ukuze kufunyaniswe ezo meko?
Xa ubona ingcali yamehlo, iya kukubuza ngeempawu zakho ize ihlole amehlo akho. Ukuba ikrokrela ukuba kukho ingxaki nge-choroid, ingenza olu vavanyo lulandelayo:
- Uvavanyo lokubona kakuhle: Uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo olulinganisa ubukhali bokubona kwakho.
- Uvavanyo lwentsimi yokubona: Uvavanyo lokujonga ukuba kukho na ukuphazamiseka kwicandelo lakho lokubona (ukuba ungabona kude kangakanani ngaphandle kokushukumisa intloko yakho).
- Uvavanyo lwesibane esiqhekekileyo: Kule meko, ugqirha uhlola ngononophelo ingaphakathi lelihlo lakho ngesixhobo esikhethekileyo esifana ne-microscope.
- Uvavanyo lwemifanekiso ye-retinal: Ngenxa yonxibelelwano phakathi kwe-choroid kunye ne-retina, ukuhlola i-retina kunokubonelela ngolwazi malunga ne-choroid.
- I-Fluorescein angiography: Idayi ekhethekileyo ifakwa emthanjeni osengalweni, kwaye kuthathwa imifanekiso yemithambo yegazi engaphakathi kweliso.
- I-Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): Oku kufana nokuskena ngaphakathi kweliso. Kunokujonga ubukhulu beengqimba zeliso kunye nokuba kukho ukudumba na.
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango zezifo ezinxulumene ne-choroid?
Amaxesha amaninzi, endaweni yokunyanga i-choroid ngokuthe ngqo, imeko eyichaphazelayo iyanyangwa. Oku kuthetha ukuba xa unobangela unyangwa, imeko ye-choroid nayo iyaphucuka. Iindlela zonyango zinokuhluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kwisifo.
| Indlela yonyango | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Amayeza eGlaucoma | Amayeza anciphisa uxinzelelo lwamehlo kwaye athintele okanye anciphise umonakalo kwi-optic nerve. |
| Amayeza okulwa nokuvuvukala | Amayeza alawula ukudumba kunye nosulelo ngaphakathi kweliso. |
| Amayeza okulwa ne-VEGF | Iyeza (elihlala lifakwa elisweni) elithintela ukukhula kwemithambo yegazi emitsha nebuthathaka ngaphakathi kweliso. |
| Unyango lomhlaza | Unyango lomhlaza wamehlo luquka utyando kunye nemitha. |
| Amayeza anceda ukujikeleza kwegazi | Amayeza athintela ukujiya kwegazi (i-anticoagulants), njengamayeza alawula uxinzelelo lwegazi. |
| Utyando lwamehlo | Kwenziwe utyando lokulungisa ezinye iimeko ezonakalisayo emehlweni. |
Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho, ungadinga unyango olongezelelweyo, oluya kucaciswa ngugqirha wakho ngokweenkcukacha.
Ungayigcina njani impilo ye-choroid kunye namehlo?
Amehlo ethu ayinto exabisekileyo kakhulu. Ngoko ke sonke sifanele sizame ukuwakhusela. Kukho izinto ezininzi onokuzenza ukuze ugcine impilo yeliso lonke, kuquka ne-choroid.
- Fumana uhlolo lwamehlo rhoqo: Nokuba unxiba iiglasi okanye awuzinxibi, kubalulekile ukuba amehlo akho ahlolwe ngugqirha wamehlo ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka. Ngale ndlela, naziphi na iingxaki zinokuchongwa ngaphambi kokuba kuvele iimpawu.
- Khusela amehlo akho: Ukuba ushida, usebenza ngeekhemikhali, okanye usebenza kwiindawo ezinothuli, qiniseka ukuba unxibe iiglasi/iiglasi zokhuseleko.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya nokusebenzisa icuba: Ukutshaya nokuhlafuna icuba kuyayonakalisa ngokuthe ngqo inkqubo yethu yokujikeleza kwegazi. Ekubeni i-choroid ingumaleko wemithambo yegazi, ukutshaya kunokuyonakalisa ngokuthe ngqo.
- Lawula izifo ezingapheliyo: Ukuba unezifo ezifana neDiabetes Mellitus kunye neHypertension , zilawule kakuhle ngokwemiyalelo kagqirha wakho. Ukuba ezi zifo azilawulwa, umonakalo emehlweni unokuba mkhulu kakhulu.
- Lumka impilo yakho iyonke: Ukutya ukutya okunesondlo, ukugcina ubunzima obusempilweni, kunye nokuzilolonga rhoqo akulunganga emehlweni akho kuphela, kodwa nakumzimba wakho wonke.
I-choroid yinxalenye ethuleyo, kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu yeliso lethu. Inika ubomi ekuboneni kwethu kwaye isinceda sibone ihlabathi ngokucacileyo. Ngoko ke, luxanduva lwethu ukuliqaphela nokulinyamekela amehlo ethu.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-choroid yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yomaleko ophakathi ngaphakathi kweliso lethu onika igazi elisweni kwaye ulawula ukukhanya.
- Ukulahlekelwa ngumbono ngequbuliso, ukubona ukukhanya phambi kwamehlo, kunye nokuhlanza okubangela iintlungu zamehlo ziimpawu ezinzulu ezifuna unyango olungxamisekileyo.
- Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokugcina impilo ye-choroid kukulawula izifo ezifana nesifo seswekile kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye nokuhlolwa kwamehlo rhoqo ngugqirha wamehlo.
- Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho okanye ukungakhululeki ekuboneni kwakho, musa ukuzama ukuzenzela isigqibo ngokwakho kwaye uthethe nogqirha ngokukhawuleza.
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