Yintoni le choroid ingaphakathi kweliso? Masifumanise ngokuchanekileyo!

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba amehlo ethu asebenza ngendlela emangalisayo kangakanani? Iliso sisitho esintsonkothileyo nesixabisekileyo. Ngoko ke namhlanje siza kuthetha ngenxalenye yeliso engaziwayo kangako, kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu. Leyo yi-choroid. Usenokuba awukaze ulive eli gama ngaphambili. Kodwa kulungile, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngalo ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni i-choroid? Inceda njani iliso?

Ngamafutshane, i-choroid lulwaleko oluphakathi lwe-eyeball yakho, udonga lwangaphandle lwe-eyeball yakho. Yeyase-uvea. Ngokuchanekileyo, i-choroid ngomnye wemithambo yegazi ephambili ebonelela amehlo ethu. Ikwanceda ekulawuleni ubungakanani bokukhanya okungena elisweni. Ngoko ke, i-choroid ibaluleke kakhulu kwindlela esibona ngayo ihlabathi.

I-choroid inemisebenzi emibini ephambili:

1. Ukunika iliso igazi elifunekayo.

2. Ukufunxwa kokukhanya okungena elisweni.

Ngoku masithethe ngezi zimbini ngokweenkcukacha ezithe vetshe.

1. Ukunikezelwa kwegazi elisweni

Lo ngumsebenzi ophambili we-choroid. Ngokukodwa, yile inika igazi kwi-retina nakwi-optic nerve esemehlweni ethu. Khawuthelekelele, le retina kunye ne-optic nerve zihlala zithumela imiqondiso engqondweni. Ifana noomatshini ababini abasebenza ngokungayekiyo. Ngoko ke, la malungu mabini afuna igazi elininzi kunye nezondlo kunezinye izicwili zeliso. I-choroid inemithambo yegazi emininzi, njenge-tangle. Yiyo loo nto inokubonelela ngegazi elifunekayo kanye.

2. Ukufunxwa kokukhanya

Omnye umsebenzi obalulekileyo we-choroid kukufunxa ukukhanya. Oku akusiyonto icacileyo, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ubusazi na ukuba i-choroid ine-pigment ebizwa ngokuba yi-melanin ngobuninzi ngaphezu kwayo nayiphi na enye i-tissue emehlweni ethu? Le melanin ikwafumaneka eluswini lwethu. Yile melanin efunxa imisebe ye-ultraviolet eyingozi evela elangeni kwaye ikhusela ulusu lwethu kwizinto ezifana nomhlaza wolusu. I-Melanin ayinakufunxa imisebe ye-ultraviolet kuphela, kodwa phantse yonke into iyakwazi ukufunxa ukukhanya okubonakalayo.

I-Melanin esweni isebenza njenge-acoustic foam, esetyenziselwa ukufunxa isandi. Usenokuba ukhe walubona olu hlobo lwe-foam eludongeni lwee-studio zokurekhoda. Iyayithintela isandi ukuba singatshoni sijikeleze kwaye siphindaphinde. Ngendlela efanayo, i-melanin esweni iyayithintela ukukhanya ukuba kungasasazeki ngaphakathi kweliso. Oku kuthintela iiseli ze-photoreceptor kwi-retina yethu ukuba zonakaliswe kukukhanya okungafunekiyo. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze ubone ngokucacileyo.

Iphi i-choroid? Ijongeka njani?

I-choroid ikwindawo engasemva kwesibini kwisithathu sebhola yeliso lethu. Ngokuchanekileyo, ikwindawo engaphantsi kodonga olumhlophe lwangaphandle lweliso (esilubiza ngokuba yi-sclera) nangaphezulu kwe-retina, eyile ndawo ibona ukukhanya ngasemva kweliso. Ubukhulu be-choroid bungahluka ukusuka kwi-0.1 millimeters (mm) ukuya kwi-0.22 mm. Oko kukuthi, malunga nobukhulu bephepha leprinta eliqhelekileyo.

Ngokuphathelele ukubonakala kwe-choroid, yindawo egcwele imithambo yegazi . Kwakhona, imnyama ngombala ngenxa ye-melanin equlethe kuyo. Into emangalisayo kukuba, njengolusu lwethu, i-choroid inokuba neempawu zokuzalwa okanye amabala aqhelekileyo (abizwa ngokuba yi-nevi). Ezi azibonakali kuthi ngaphandle. Uninzi lwabantu lufumanisa kuphela ukuba zinazo xa ugqirha wamehlo ehlola amehlo abo.

Ziziphi iimeko ezinokuchaphazela i-choroid?

Ngelishwa, kukho inani lezifo ezinokuchaphazela i-choroid. Oku kunokubangelwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwizifo zenkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi ukuya kwizifo zokudumba. Nazi imizekelo embalwa:

• I-Albinism : Ukungabikho kwe-melanin pigment kunokubangela iingxaki zokubona kunye novakalelo ekukhanyeni.
• Iimeko zokuzalwa (ezizalwe ngexesha lokuzalwa) : Umzekelo, izifo ezifana ne-choroideremia zingonakalisa i-retina.
• I-retinopathy enxulumene nesifo seswekile .
• Ukwanda kwemithambo yegazi kwi-Choroidal kunye nokuwohloka kwe-macular (ingakumbi uhlobo lwayo olumanzi).
• Umhlaza wamehlo : ingakumbi i-melanoma yangaphakathi kweso.
• I-ischemia yamehlo : Oku kukuncipha kokuhamba kwegazi eliya elisweni. Umzekelo, i-eye stroke.
• I-glaucoma ibangela umonakalo kwi-optic nerve kunye ne-retina .
• Ukulimala kwamehlo .
• Izifo zokudumba : Iimeko ezifana ne-uveitis okanye i-chorioretinitis.

Ukuba kukho ingxaki nge-choroid, zeziphi iimpawu ezinokubakho?

Ukuba unesifo esichaphazela i-choroid, unokufumana iimpawu ezithile. Ezi ziquka:

• Amabala amnyama embonweni (iiScotomas) okanye iziphene zentsimi yokubona.
• Umbono ofipheleyo .
• Umbono ophindwe kabini (iDiplopia).
• Intlungu yamehlo.
• Intloko ebuhlungu.
• Uvakalelo ekukhanyeni (amehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) (i-Photophobia)
• Umbono ophantsi.

Ukuba ufumana ezi mpawu, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza!

Kukho iimpawu ezithile ezibonisa imeko embi kakhulu okanye engxamisekileyo . Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kubalulekile ukufuna iingcebiso zonyango ngokukhawuleza.

Ezi ziimpawu ezifuna ingqalelo ekhawulezileyo:

* Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza okubangelwa yintlungu/uxinzelelo lwamehlo.

* Ukubona izangqa ezinemibala yomnyama zijikeleze ukukhanya.

* Ukulahlekelwa ngumbono ngequbuliso nangayiphi na indlela .

* Ukukhanya okukhawulezileyo phambi kwamehlo (Photopsias).

Ukuba uziva into efana nale, nceda ubone ugqirha ngokukhawuleza .

Ziziphi iimvavanyo ezikhoyo zokufumanisa iingxaki nge-choroid?

Xa usiya kuvavanyo lwamehlo oluqhelekileyo, ugqirha wamehlo unokubona utshintsho kwi-choroid ngokusebenzisa iileya ezincinci ze-retina, okanye aqonde imeko ye-choroid ngotshintsho kwi-retina ngokwayo. Ukongeza, kukho iimvavanyo ezikhethekileyo ezininzi ezinokunceda ekuhloleni i-choroid kunye nokuxilonga izifo ezinxulumene nayo. Nazi:

• Uvavanyo lokubona kakuhle : Olu luvavanyo lokujonga ukuba ubona ngokucacileyo kangakanani.
• Uvavanyo lwentsimi yokubona kunye nobunzulu bokuqonda.
• Uvavanyo lwesibane esiqhekekileyo : Uvavanyo lweliso ngemayikroskopu ekhethekileyo.

Ngenxa yonxibelelwano lokujikeleza kwegazi phakathi kwe-choroid kunye ne-retina, ezinye iimvavanyo ezihlola i-retina zinokunceda ekufumaneni imeko ye-choroid. Umzekelo:

• I-angiography ye-Fluorescein
• I-angiography eluhlaza ye-Indocyanine
• I-Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)

Olu vavanyo lunokunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba aqonde ngcono imeko yamehlo akho.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango zezifo ezichaphazela i-choroid?

Kwiimeko ezininzi, akukho nyango luncinci oluchaphazela ngqo i-choroid. Endaweni yoko, imeko engundoqo echaphazela i-choroid iyanyangwa . Ngoko ke, iindlela zonyango zinokuhluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko. Nazi imizekelo embalwa:

• Unyango lwe-Albinism : Ekubeni i-albinism sisifo esibangelwa lufuzo, asinakunyangwa ngokuthe ngqo. Unyango lujolise ekunciphiseni iimpawu.
• Amayeza okulwa neglaucoma : La mayeza anciphisa uxinzelelo olungaphambili kweliso kwaye athintela umonakalo kwizakhiwo ezikwi-choroid nezijikeleze iliso.
• Amayeza okulwa nokuvuvukala : La mayeza anciphisa ukudumba. Anganikwa ngokwenkqubo yomzimba okanye ngokukodwa esweni.
• Amayeza e-Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) : La mayeza e-anti-VEGF athintela ukwakheka kwemithambo yegazi emitsha.
• Unyango lomhlaza: Njengezinye iintlobo zomhlaza, umhlaza wamehlo unokufuna unyango olufana notyando, i-chemotherapy, kunye nonyango lwemitha.
• Amayeza anceda/aphucula ukujikeleza kwegazi : Oku kuquka izinto ezininzi, ezifana nemithi yokunciphisa igazi (i-anticoagulants) kunye namayeza alawula uxinzelelo lwegazi.
• Utyando lwamehlo : Ezinye iimeko ezichaphazela i-choroid zifuna utyando ukuze zilungiswe.

Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho esisiseko, kunokucetyiswa ezinye iindlela zonyango. Ugqirha wakho wamehlo okanye omnye umboneleli wezempilo unokukuxelela okungakumbi malunga nezi ndlela zonyango aze akuncede ukhethe eyona ikulungeleyo.

Yintoni esinokuyenza ukugcina i-choroid yethu iphilile?

Kukho izinto ezininzi onokuzenza ukuze ugcine amehlo akho esempilweni, kuquka nempilo ye-choroid yakho. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kwezi kukufumana uhlolo lwamehlo rhoqo . Oku kusebenza kuye wonke umntu, kungekuphela nje kwabo banxiba iiglasi.

Ukongeza, ezinye izinto onokuzenza zezi:

• Nxiba isikhuselo samehlo . Xa usenza nawuphi na umsebenzi, nxiba iiglasi zokhuseleko okanye iiglasi zeglasi ezenzelwe loo msebenzi ngokukodwa. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu xa usebenza ngothuli okanye ngeekhemikhali.
• Kuphephe ukusebenzisa i-nicotine . Ukutshaya, ukutshaya i-vape, kunye nokuhlafuna icuba konke oku kunokuchaphazela inkqubo yakho yokujikeleza kwegazi, nto leyo enokonakalisa namehlo akho.
• Lawula izifo ezingapheliyo . Ukuba unesifo esinokuchaphazela amehlo akho kunye/okanye inkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi, esifana nesifo seswekile okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, ukulawula loo meko kakuhle kunokunceda ukuthintela okanye ukulibazisa umonakalo ongakumbi emehlweni akho.
• Nyamekela impilo yakho iyonke . Ukugcina ubunzima obusempilweni kunye nokutya okunempilo kubalulekile ukuze ugcine impilo yamehlo ikwimeko entle.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Kulungile, ngoko ke ndiyathemba ukuba ngoku uyiqonda ngcono i-choroid esithethe ngayo namhlanje.

Khumbula, i-retina yakho yiyo ebona ukukhanya ize ikuguqule kube ziimpawu ezibonakalayo ezithunyelwa engqondweni yakho. Ukuze wenze oku, i-retina idinga ukunikezelwa kwegazi rhoqo, okukhulu. Ngoko ke, i-choroid yakho yeyona gazi iphambili kwi-retina yakho nakwi-optic nerve. I-choroid ikwanceda ekulawuleni ukukhanya okungena emehlweni akho. Oku kwenza kube lula kwi-retina ukucubungula ukukhanya ngokufanelekileyo.

I-choroid isenokungaziwa njengezinye iindawo zeliso. Kodwa yinxalenye ebalulekileyo nebaluleke kakhulu yokubona kwethu . Kubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla, zininzi izinto onokuzenza ukuze unyamekele impilo ye-choroid yakho - kunye namehlo akho ngokubanzi. Ngoko ke, kulungile ukucinga ngokunyamekela amehlo akho, akunjalo?

"I-Choroid, impilo yamehlo, i-retina, i-optic nerve, i-melanin, izifo zamehlo, uvavanyo lwamehlo