Singathetha nge-Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE), isifo sobuchopho esibangelwa kukwenzakala entloko rhoqo?

Iintloko zethu zixabiseke kakhulu kwaye zinobuthathaka, akunjalo? Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, xa sidlala imidlalo, siwa, okanye sineengozi ezithile, sinokufumana ukwenzakala okuncinci kunye nemivumbo entlokweni zethu. Usenokuba uvile ukuba xa iintloko zethu zichaphazeleka ngolo hlobo, kungekuphela nje kanye okanye kabini, kodwa ngokuqhubekayo, kangangeminyaka, zingonakalisa ubuchopho bethu. Le yenye yezo meko zinzima, zexesha elide esiza kuthetha ngazo namhlanje, i-chronic traumatic encephalopathy, okanye i-CTE ngamafutshane.

Yintoni i-CTE (Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy)?

Ngamafutshane, i-CTE sisifo sengqondo esibangelwa kukubethelwa rhoqo entloko kunye nokuxhuzula. Ingatshintsha indlela iindawo ezahlukeneyo zengqondo yakho ezisebenza ngayo kwaye zinxibelelana ngayo. Kufana nomatshini osebenza ngokugqibeleleyo oqala ukuqhawuka ngequbuliso. Ngokuxhomekeke kubungakanani bomonakalo kunye neendawo zengqondo ezichaphazelekileyo, kunokuba yingozi kakhulu.

Makhe sihlalutye intsingiselo yegama elithi CTE kancinci:

• Isifo esinganyangekiyo: Oku kuthetha ukuba i-CTE ayisiyonto ephuhlayo ize iphele ngexesha elifutshane, kodwa yimeko yexesha elide .
• Ukonzakala: Oku kuthetha ukuba kunxulumene nokwenzakala okanye ukwenzakala .
• I-Encephalopathy: Eli ligama elivela kumagama amabini esiGrike. Eli gama lithetha "isifo sengqondo."

Ngoko ke, xa sidibanisa konke oku, siyaqonda ukuba i-CTE sisifo sengqondo esihlala ixesha elide esibangelwa kukwenzakala entloko rhoqo.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokufumana i-CTE?

I-CTE inokukhula nakubani na oye waba ne-concussion. Kodwa ayisenzekanga ngobusuku obunye. Kubantu abaninzi, kungathatha iminyaka, kwanamashumi eminyaka, ukuba iimpawu zibonakale. Ngokwesiqhelo, abantu abafumana i-CTE baye baba ne-concussion iminyaka. Lo mngcipheko uphezulu kakhulu kubadlali abangoochwephesha.

Khawucinge nje, abantu abadlala imidlalo efana nebhokisi, i-MMA (i-mixed martial arts), i-rugby, kunye nebhola ekhatywayo. Bafumana kangaphi ukubethwa entloko? Kwakhona, abanye abasebenzi bomkhosi basengozini kuba kufuneka bajongane nezinto ezifana nokuqhuma.

Kodwa nantsi into. Asinguye wonke umntu odlala imidlalo esikolweni oyifumanayo. Ubudala obuqhelekileyo babo bafunyenwe bene-CTE buphakathi kweminyaka engama-42-43 ubudala. Oko kuthetha ukuba iyabonakala kamva kancinci.

Ukuba sijonga ngokucacileyo ukuba ngubani osengozini enkulu:

• Abantu abaqhelisela imidlalo yokulwa: I-Boxing, i-mixed martial arts (MMA), kunye ne-martial arts yesintu efana ne-taekwondo kunye ne-judo nabo basengozini.
• Abantu abadlala imidlalo yokudibanisa: ingakumbi imidlalo efana nebhola ekhatywayo (yaseMelika), i-ice hockey, kunye ne-rugby.
• Abantu ababandakanyeka kwimisebenzi yasesitalatweni: abakhweli beebhayisekile, abakhwela iirollerblading, abakhwela iiskateboard (umngcipheko uphezulu ukuba abanxibanga isigcina-ntloko).
• Abasebenzi basemkhosini: Abo bachaphazeleka kukuqhuma kunye nokwenzakala kwengqondo okufanayo.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?

Enyanisweni, iingcali aziyazi kakuhle ukuba i-CTE ixhaphake kangakanani na. Esinye isizathu kukuba okwangoku akukho ndlela yokuqiniseka ngokupheleleyo ukuba umntu unesi sifo ngelixa esaphila. Oogqirha banokukrokrela, kodwa abanakukwazi ukutsho ngokuqinisekileyo ngaphandle kokuhlola ubuchopho ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwesidumbu.

Ngaphezu koko, iimpawu ze-CTE zifana kakhulu nezinye izifo zengqondo ezifana nesifo sika-Alzheimer kunye ne-frontotemporal dementia , ngoko ke ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba nzima ukwahlula phakathi kwezi zimbini.

Zithini iimpawu ze-CTE?

Iimpawu ze-CTE zihlala zikhula kancinci, zikhula kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha. Kunzima ukutsho ngqo ukuba ziqala nini okanye zikhula ngokukhawuleza kangakanani.

Ezinye zezona mpawu zixhaphakileyo zezi:

• Ubunzima bokugxila nokucinga ngento enye (sikwabiza oku ngokuthi "ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuncinci").
• Intloko ebuhlungu rhoqo.
• Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo yexesha elifutshane (andikhumbuli into esandul’ ukwenziwa okanye ethethwayo).
• Utshintsho kwindlela oziphatha ngayo: Izinto ezifana nomsindo ngequbuliso, ukucaphuka de kube yingozi.

Ukongeza koku, ezinye iimpawu zingabonakala:

• Ukudakumba (ukuziva ulusizi, ungenamdla kuyo nayiphi na into).
• Ubunzima bokucwangcisa nokwenza imisebenzi ngokufanelekileyo (`(Ukungasebenzi kakuhle koLawulo)`).
• Ukungathethi kakuhle, intetho engathethi kakuhle.
• Ukungcangcazela kwamalungu kunye neentshukumo zemisipha ezingalawulekiyo (ezikwabizwa ngokuba yi-"Parkinsonism", ezifana neempawu zikaParkinson).
• Kufana nokulahlekelwa yibhalansi xa uhamba, ugxadazela.
• Ukulahlekelwa kukulungelelaniswa kwamalungu omzimba (`(Ataxia)`).
• Ukwanda kokuziphatha okunobundlobongela.
• Iingcinga zokuzilimaza, iingcinga zokuzibulala okanye ukuzama ukuzibulala.

Kubalulekile: Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo unezi ngcinga, nceda ufune uncedo ngokukhawuleza. Fowunela ugqirha, umhlobo, okanye inombolo yongxamiseko.

Yintoni ebangela i-CTE?

Kukho izinto ezimbini eziphambili ezinegalelo kuphuhliso lwe-CTE.

1. Ukulimala entloko okuphindaphindiweyo:

Oku kuthathwa njengesona sizathu siphambili se-CTE. Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ayikuko konke ukwenzakala okufuna ukuba umntu 'agxothwe'.Kwanamaqhuma amancinci kunye nemivumbo iqokelelana kangangeminyaka ukuze idale le meko. Cinga ngayo njengokubethela udonga rhoqo ngesando. Ukubethela kube kanye akuyi kwenza nto ingako, kodwa okukhona ubethela ngakumbi, kokukhona udonga luya kwenza umonakalo omkhulu.

2. Ukuqokelelwa kweeproteni ezigobileyo engqondweni:

Iiproteni ziimolekyuli zeekhemikhali ezibalulekileyo emizimbeni yethu. Ezi proteni ziyafuneka kuyo yonke imisebenzi. Kukho uhlobo oluthile lweproteni olubizwa ngokuba yi-'tau' engqondweni yethu. Le proteni 'ye-tau' isebenza njengenkxaso kwiiseli zengqondo.

Ukuze iproteni isebenze kakuhle, kufuneka ibe kwimo efanelekileyo. Kanye njengokuba isitshixo kufuneka singene kwisitshixo. Kodwa, ngenxa yale mingxunya iphindaphindayo entloko, ezi proteni ze-`(tau)` zitshintsha imo yazo kwaye ziyeke ukusebenza kakuhle. Emva koko ezi proteni ze-`(tau)` eziphazamisekileyo ziqala ukuqokelelana kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo engqondweni. Njengenkunkuma. Yiyo loo nto, ukuba ubona ezi proteni ze-`(tau)` ziqokelelana kwipateni ethile, i-CTE iqinisekiswa okwangoku ngexesha lovavanyo lwesidumbu.

Ifunyaniswa njani i-CTE?

Le yingxaki enzima kancinci. Okwangoku akukho ndlela yokuqinisekisa ngokuqinisekileyo okupheleleyo ukuba umntu une-CTE ngelixa esaphila. Eyona ndlela ikuphela kwayo kukuthatha iisampulu zezicubu zobuchopho emva kokuba eswelekile uze uzihlole phantsi kwe-microscope.

Nangona kunjalo, oogqirha banokujonga iimpawu zomntu, imbali yokwenzakala entloko, uvavanyo lomzimba nolwemithambo-luvo, baze baqikelele, "Lo mntu usenokuba une-CTE." Sibiza oko ngokuthi "ukuxilongwa okucingelwayo."

Xa oogqirha bekrokrela i-CTE, badla ngokuyalela uthotho lweemvavanyo ukuze baqinisekise ukuba akukho ezinye iimeko. Nangona ezi mvavanyo zingenakukwazi ukuxilonga i-CTE ngokuthe ngqo, zinokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba akukho ezinye izizathu. Ezi mvavanyo ziquka:

• Iiskeni ze-CT
• Iiskeni zeMRI
• Iiskeni zePET
• Uvavanyo olubandakanya ukuthabatha ulwelo oluvela kwi-spinal cord (oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-"Lumbar puncture" okanye "Spinal tap")

Ngaba ikhona indlela yokunyanga oku? Ngaba inganyangeka?

Ngelishwa, okwangoku akukho nyango lwe-CTE. Oku kukulimala kwengqondo okungapheliyo.

Nangona kunjalo, ezinye zeempawu ezivelayo zinokunyangwa. Umzekelo, kukho unyango lweengxaki zenkumbulo, utshintsho lokuziphatha, kunye nokudakumba. Ukuba zeziphi ezo ndlela zonyango kunye nendlela ezinikwa ngayo kuya kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka iimpawu zakho kunye nembali yakho yempilo. Ke ngoko, ugqirha wakho ngumntu ongcono ukukunika ingcebiso malunga noku.

Ukongeza, kukho imikhwa ethile yokuphila eyingenelo kwimpilo yengqondo ngokubanzi, kwaye kubalulekile ukuyilandela.

Ingancitshiswa njani ingozi? Ngaba ingathintelwa?

Oko kufuneka ukwenze ukuze uphephe ngokupheleleyo i-CTEEyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukunciphisa inani lezibetho kunye nokubetheka entloko. Kukho izinto ezimbalwa ezilula esinokuzenza ukuze senze oku:

• Dlala ngokukhuselekileyo: Xa udlala imidlalo echaphazela kakhulu efana nebhola ekhatywayo kunye neragbi , qiniseka ukuba unxibe izixhobo zokhuseleko ezifanelekileyo (njengesigcina-ntloko). Kubalulekile nokuphepha ukungqubana okuyingozi kwaye udlale ngaphandle kokubeka wena okanye abanye emngciphekweni.
• Musa ukudlala ngokulimala: Nokuba awuzange ulahlekelwe zingqondo emva kokwenzakala entloko, kuyingozi ukudlala ngengcinga ethi, "Ndiphilile, ndiphilile." Ukuxhuzula akuthethi ukuba ulahlekelwa zingqondo. Ukuba ufumana ukuxhuzula uze ubetheke entloko kwakhona, kunokuba yingozi kakhulu.
• Nxiba isigcina-ntloko xa ukhwela amavili amabini: Qiniseka ukuba unxiba isigcina-ntloko xa ukhwela ibhayisekile, ukhwela i-rollerblading, okanye ukhwela i-skateboard. Oku kunokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokwenzakala entloko kunye nokuxhuzula.
• Nxiba ibhanti yesihlalo: Iingozi zeemoto zezona zibangela ukuxhuzula kwamalungu omzimba phakathi kwabantu abangengabo abadlali. Ukunxiba ibhanti yesihlalo kunokunceda ekunciphiseni umngcipheko wokwenzakala entloko kwingozi.

Yintoni enokulindelwa ngumntu one-CTE?

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, i-CTE sisifo sengqondo esiwohlokayo. Oko kuthetha ukuba iimpawu ziya ziba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Oku kungathatha iminyaka, kwanamashumi eminyaka. Iingcali okwangoku azinandlela yokuqikelela ukuba kuya kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba ukusebenza kwengqondo kuyehla.

Le meko iza kuhlala ixesha elingakanani?

I-CTE yimeko ehlala ihleli, ubomi bonke.

Iyintoni ikamva lale meko?

Ngokophando lwangoku nokuqonda, i-CTE ngokwayo ayibulali ngokuthe ngqo. Nangona kunjalo, inokubangela ezinye iingxaki zempilo ezinokuchaphazela kakubi impilo yakho kunye nomgangatho wobomi bakho. Umzekelo, usenokungakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi efana nokutya, ukuhlamba, kunye nokuzinxibisa. Abantu abanjalo badla ngokuhlala kwiindawo zokhathalelo lwexesha elide, apho kukho abasebenzi bezonyango.

Njengoko isifo siqhubeka, ubunzima bokuginya (i-dysphagia) bunokubakho, nto leyo eyonyusa umngcipheko we-pneumonia kunye nokungaphumeleli kokuphefumla.

Uzinyamekela njani?

Kwinqanaba lokuqala lesi sifo, ungazinyamekela phantsi kwesikhokelo sikagqirha. Ugqirha wakho uza kukucebisa ngotshintsho kwindlela ophila ngayo ukuze ulawule iimpawu zakho. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko isifo siqhubeka, kunokuba nzima ukwenza izinto wedwa. Ngelishwa, xa iimpawu zakho zifikelela kwinqanaba elithile, unokufumanisa ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba uhlale wedwa.

Ubungenza ntoni ukuba ubufuna izinto zenzeke ngendlela obufuna ngayo?

Ukuba ufunyenwe une-CTE (okanye isifo sengqondo esifana neso esiwohlokayo) kwisigaba sokuqala, kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho, usapho, kunye nabantu obathembayo abanokwenzela izigqibo ezibalulekileyo. Le ngxoxo inokubanceda bazi ukuba unomdla wokwenza ntoni ukuba awukwazi ukuzenzela izigqibo.

Olu hlobo lweencoko lunokuba lubi kancinci kwaye lungabi mnandi. Kodwa kungcono ukuba nazo kwangethuba. Ngale ndlela, abantu obathandayo banokwazi kwangaphambili ukuba yintoni na oyifunayo. Abayi kushiywa becinga.

Ukongeza kuloo ncoko, kukwangumbono olungileyo ukuba iminqweno yakho kunye nezigqibo zakho zibhalwe phantsi. Oku kungabandakanya amaxwebhu asemthethweni, izinto ezifana nento omawuyenze ukuba awukwazi ukuzinyamekela okanye ukwenza izigqibo malunga nempilo yakho. Abantu abaninzi basebenzisa igqwetha ukubanceda benze olu hlobo lwamaxwebhu.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho kwindlela ocinga ngayo, inkumbulo yakho, ingqalelo yakho, okanye imo yakho, okanye indlela oziphatha ngayo, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha.

Ufanele uye nini kwigumbi likaxakeka?

Ukuba ucinga ngokuzilimaza (kuquka iingcinga zokuzibulala) okanye ukulimaza abanye, funa uncedo ngokukhawuleza. Kwakhona, ukuba ukrokrela ukuba umntu omaziyo usengozini enjalo, mxelele ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuze ufumane uncedo kwimeko efana nale, ungenza oku kulandelayo:

• Iinombolo zoncedo zokuthintela ukuzibulala eSri Lanka (umz. iSumitrayo 1333, iCCCline 1926).
• Iinkonzo zempilo yengqondo kwindawo okuyo.
• 1990 (Suvaseriya) okanye 119 (Inombolo yoNgxamiseko yamapolisa). Ungatsalela umnxeba kwezi nombolo ukuze ucele uncedo kumntu okwimeko yongxamiseko.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-post-concussion syndrome (PCS) kunye ne-CTE?

Nangona abanye abantu becinga ukuba i-"Post-concussion syndrome (PCS)" kunye ne-"Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE)" zizinto ezifanayo, ezi ziimeko ezimbini ezahlukeneyo.

• I-PCS `(Post-concussion syndrome)`: Le yimeko eyenzeka emva kokwenzakala entloko `(concussion)`. Inokuhlala iiveki ezimbalwa, iinyanga ezimbalwa, kodwa iyaphela njengoko ingqondo iphola. Kukwakho nemeko ye-PCS yexesha elide, kodwa kwimeko enjalo, iproteni `(tau)` esithethe ngayo ayiqokeleli ngokungaqhelekanga engqondweni.
• I-CTE (Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy): Esi sisifo sengqondo esihlala sihleli, esiqhubekayo esibonakaliswa kukuqokelelana okungaqhelekanga kweproteni tau.

Okokugqibela, khumbula oku.

I-CTE yimeko enzima enokubangelwa kukubethelwa entloko rhoqo. Kungathatha iminyaka ukuba ikhule, kwaye sisifo esibangela umonakalo osisigxina engqondweni kwaye siqhubeke sibi ngokuhamba kwexesha. Okwangoku akukho nyango.

Nangona kunjalo, zikho izinto esinokuzenza ukuthintela oku. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuzikhusela ekubetheni intloko kabuhlungu, ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokuzikhusela nokulandela iinkqubo zokhuseleko xa udlala imidlalo okanye ubandakanyeka kwimisebenzi eyingozi.

Uphando ngesi sifo lusaqhubeka. Kwixesha elizayo, kusenokufunyanwa okungakumbi malunga nendlela eyenzeka ngayo le meko, mhlawumbi kwanonyango olutsha. Ngoko ke, masilumke sonke sikhusele iintloko zethu.

I- CTE, izifo zobuchopho, ukwenzakala entloko, ukuxhuzula, iproteni ye-tau, ukwenzakala kwezemidlalo, izifo zemithambo-luvo