Luluphi uhlobo lwegazi lakho? Masifumanise ukuba zeziphi kanye kanye ezi ntlobo zegazi.

Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesihloko esibaluleke kakhulu. Loo luhlobo lwegazi. Mhlawumbi ukhe weva ngezinto ezifana ne-'A positive' kunye ne-'O negative'. Kodwa zithini kanye kanye ezi ntlobo zegazi? Kutheni zibaluleke kangaka xa kufikwa ekunikeleni ngegazi kuthi? Masithethe ngazo zonke ezi zinto ngendlela elula onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni kanye kanye esegazini lethu?

Khawucinge nje, olu lwelo lubomvu oluhamba emizimbeni yethu, igazi, alungomanzi nje kuphela. Lunezinto ezininzi ezimangalisayo nezibalulekileyo kulo. Ngamafutshane, igazi lethu linamacandelo amane aphambili:

• Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi: Ezi zezona zithwala ioksijini emizimbeni yethu, njengenkonzo yokuhambisa ukutya.
• Iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi: Ezi zifana namapolisa emzimbeni wethu. Ezi seli ezimhlophe zegazi zilwa neentsholongwane ezibangela izifo .
• Iiplatelets: Ezi ziiplatelets ezinceda ekumiseni ukopha xa wenzakele. Ziyahlangana kwaye zenze amahlwili egazi.
• Iplasma: Le yinxalenye yolwelo egazini. Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye neeplatelets ezikhankanyiweyo ngaphambili zonke zihambahamba kolu lwelo lubizwa ngokuba yiplasma.

Into emangalisayo kukuba, igazi lomntu wonke alifani. Kukho umahluko omncinci. Loo mahluko siwabiza ngokuba ziintlobo zegazi.

Ngoko ke zeziphi ezi ntlobo zegazi?

Ukuchonga igazi, oko kukuthi, ukwazi ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwegazi lakho, kubaluleke kakhulu. Ingakumbi ukuba kufuneka unike umntu igazi, oku kukunceda ukuba ukwenze ngokukhuselekileyo nangaphandle kweempazamo. Sineeseli ezibomvu zegazi, kwaye phezulu, oko kukuthi, umphezulu, kukho iimpawu ezincinci. Kwizonyango, ezi zimpawu sizibiza ngokuba ' zii-antigens ' . Ezi ziiproteni kunye neeswekile emizimbeni yethu. Umzimba wethu usebenzisa ezi zimpawu ukuqonda ukuba 'le yiseli yam yegazi'. Kukho iinkqubo ezimbini eziphambili zokuchonga igazi. Ziyinkqubo ye-ABO kunye nenkqubo ye-Rh .

Yintoni uhlobo lwegazi lwe-ABO?

Kukho iintlobo ezine eziphambili zegazi ngokwenkqubo ye-ABO. Masibone ukuba zeziphi:

• Uhlobo A: Olu hlobo lwegazi lune-antigen ebizwa ngokuba yi-'A'.
• Uhlobo B: Olu hlobo lwegazi lune-antigen ebizwa ngokuba yi-'B'.
• Uhlobo lwe-AB: Njengoko igama lisitsho, olu hlobo lwegazi lunee-antigens 'A' kunye 'B'.
• Uhlobo O: Olu hlobo lwegazi alunazo naziphi na ii-antigens 'A' okanye 'B' ezikhankanyiweyo ngaphambili.

Ngoko ke yintoni le Rh factor?

Ukongeza kwinkqubo ye-ABO, igazi likwahlulwa njenge-'Rh positive' (oko kuthetha ukuba line-Rh factor) okanye 'Rh negative' (oko kuthetha ukuba alinayo i-Rh factor). I-Rh yenye iproteni ekhethekileyo enokufumaneka kumphezulu weeseli ezibomvu zegazi, enye "i-Antigen". Ngoko ke, xa ezi nkqubo zimbini ezibizwa ngokuba yi-ABO kunye ne-Rh zidityanisiwe, sifumana iintlobo ezisi-8 eziphambili zegazi. Masibone ukuba zeziphi:

• O engalunganga:Olu hlobo lwegazi alunazo iimpawu ze-A okanye ze-B, kwaye alunazo izinto ze-Rh.
• I-O positive: Olu hlobo lwegazi alunazo iimpawu ze-A okanye ze-B, kodwa lune-Rh factor. I-O positive lolona hlobo lwegazi luxhaphakileyo eSri Lanka (olunye uhlobo lwegazi oluxhaphakileyo yi-A positive).
• I-negative: Olu hlobo lwegazi lune-A marker kuphela, alunayo i-Rh factor.
• I-positive: Olu hlobo lwegazi lune-A marker kunye ne-Rh factor, kodwa aluna-B marker. Olu luhlobo lwegazi oluqhelekileyo kakhulu, njengo-O positive.
• I-B negative: Olu hlobo lwegazi lune-B ​​marker kuphela, alunayo i-Rh factor.
• I-B positive: Olu hlobo lwegazi lune-B ​​marker kunye ne-Rh factor, kodwa aluna-A marker.
• I-AB negative: Olu hlobo lwegazi luneempawu ze-A kunye ne-B, kodwa alunazo i-Rh factor.
• I-AB positive: Olu hlobo lwegazi lunazo zonke ezi mpawu zintathu zikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla – oko kukuthi, u-A, u-B, kunye ne-Rh factor.

Ngoku usenokuba ucinga, 'Owu, ingaba uhlobo lwegazi lam alungcono kunolwakhe, okanye olwam lubuthathaka?' Akukho nto injalo! Ukuba okanye ukulahlekelwa naliphi na kwezi antigens akulenzi igazi lomntu libe sempilweni okanye libe buthathaka. Kufana nokuba namehlo aluhlaza endaweni yebhlowu, okanye iinwele ezigobileyo endaweni yokuba zithe tye, nto leyo umahluko omncinci wemfuza. Ngoko ke ungakhathazeki ngayo.

Kutheni kubaluleke kangaka ukwazi ngezi ntlobo zegazi?

Kulungile, masibone ukuba kutheni kubaluleke kangaka ukwazi ngezi ntlobo zegazi, ukuze sizifanise. Sinenkqubo yokuzikhusela ekrelekrele kakhulu nemangalisayo emzimbeni wethu. Siyibiza ngokuba yinkqubo yokuzikhusela . Ifana nomkhosi okhusela ilizwe. Le nkqubo inamandla amangalisayo okujonga izinto ezingena emzimbeni wethu kwaye ziqaphele ukuba 'oh, lo ngumzimba wam' (mna) okanye 'lo ngumntu wasemzini' (ongenguye mna). Xa unika umntu igazi, oko kukuthi, xa oogqirha bemtofela igazi, inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomntu ofumana elo gazi kufuneka iqaphele iiseli zegazi ezintsha ize ithi 'oh, ezi luhlobo lwam, zifanelekile kum'. Ukuba ayiqapheli loo nto ifanayo, oko kukuthi, ukuba ezi ntlobo zegazi zimbini 'azifani', iiseli ezintsha ziyaliwa. Ngamafutshane, zihlasela kwaye zitshabalalise ezo seli. Inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela ekrelekrele yenza uhlobo olukhethekileyo lweproteni, sizibiza ngokuba 'zii-antibodies' . Ezi zifana nabagcini. Ukuba iiseli zasemzini, ezingahambelaniyo zingena emzimbeni, ezi antibodies zisebenza ngoko nangoko kwaye ziqale ukusebenza nxamnye nezo seli zasemzini. Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwegazi lomntu, inkqubo yakhe yokuzikhusela komzimba ivelisa ii-antibodies ezinokulwa nezinye iintlobo zegazi ezingahambelaniyo.

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba unika uhlobo lwegazi olungalunganga?Kulapho ke kuvela khona ingxaki. Ezo antibodies ziqala ukusebenza ngoko nangoko zize zitshabalalise iiseli zegazi ezintsha ezingahambelaniyo nezingene emzimbeni. Oku kungaba yimpendulo enzima echaphazela umzimba wonke (Transfusion Reaction). Kunokubakho izinto ezifana nomkhuhlane, ukubanda, kunye nokwehla ngequbuliso koxinzelelo lwegazi. Kwezinye iimeko ezinzima, kwanezitho ezibalulekileyo ezifana nenkqubo yokuphefumla (ukuphefumla) kunye nezintso zinokungaphumeleli. Yiyo loo nto ukufanisa iintlobo zegazi ngokuchanekileyo xa unikela ngegazi kungumbandela wobomi nokufa.

Makhe sijonge indlela ezisebenza ngayo iintlobo zegazi kunye nee-antibodies.

Ukucacisa oku ngakumbi, masisebenzise umzekelo. Cinga ngale ndlela:

• Khawucinge ukuba uhlobo lwegazi lakho ngu -A. Ngenxa yokuba igazi lakho line-antigen ye-A, umzimba wakho uvelisa ii-antibodies ze-B. Emva koko, ukuba igazi eline-antigen ye-B (oko kukuthi, uhlobo B okanye uhlobo AB) lingena emzimbeni wakho, inkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela yomzimba yohlobo A iya kusebenzisa ezo antibodies ze-B ukulwa neeseli ezintsha zegazi. Oku kuthetha ukuba ungafumana igazi kuphela kumntu oluhlobo A okanye uhlobo O. Awunakufumana igazi kumntu oluhlobo B okanye AB.

• Ngokufanayo, ukuba une-antigen ye-B egazini lakho (oko kuthetha ukuba uhlobo lwegazi lakho yi -B ), umzimba wakho uya kwenza ii-antibodies ze-A. Emva koko ungafumana igazi kuphela kumntu onohlobo B okanye uhlobo O. Awunakufumana igazi kumntu onohlobo A okanye AB.

Oku kubachaphazela njani abantu abaneentlobo zegazi ze-AB kunye ne-O?

Eli bali lahlukile kancinci kubantu abanohlobo lwegazi i-AB kunye nohlobo lwegazi i-O.

• Ngoku khawucinge ukuba ukuba une-antigens ezimbini ze-A kunye ne-B kumphezulu weeseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi (oko kukuthi, ukuba uhlobo lwakho lwegazi yi -AB ), umzimba wakho awudingi ukulwa nayo nayiphi na i-antigens ye-A okanye ye-B. Kuba zombini ezo antigens ziyawuqonda umzimba wakho, zisithi, 'Ezi zezam.' Oko kuthetha ukuba umntu onohlobo lwegazi lwe-AB angafumana igazi kulo naluphi na uhlobo lwegazi, u-A, u-B, u-AB, okanye u-O. Ngokukodwa, abantu abanohlobo lwegazi lwe-AB babizwa ngokuba 'ngabamkeli begazi abaqhelekileyo' okanye ' abamkeli begazi abaqhelekileyo .'

• Kodwa, ukuba uhlobo lwegazi lakho yi- O , iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi azinazo ezo antigens ze-A okanye ze-B. Kuza kwenzeka ntoni emva koko?
• Umzimba wakho uvelisa zombini ii-antibodies ze-A kunye ne-B. Oku kubangela ukuba amasosha omzimba wakho alwe neentlobo zegazi ze-A, B, kunye ne-AB. Oku kuthetha ukuba umntu onegazi le-O unokufumana kuphela igazi le-O.
• Kodwa kukho into ebaluleke kakhulu nekhethekileyo apha. Kukho uhlobo lwegazi olubizwa ngokuba yi-O negative, olunokunikwa nabani na! Kuba alunazo ii-antigens (ii-antigens) ezifana no-A, B, okanye u-Rh. Ngoko ke, akukho mntu uza kusabela kulo. Yiyo loo nto uhlobo lwegazi olubi lwe-O lubizwa ngokuba 'ngumnikeli wendalo yonke' okanye umnikeli wendalo yonke.Ingakumbi kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo, xa uhlobo lwegazi lungenakuchongwa ngokukhawuleza, igazi elibi le-O lidla ngokusetyenziswa.

Ukunikela ngegazi kunokusindisa ubomi babantu abaninzi!

Uyazi na ukuba enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo nezibalulekileyo ezenziwa ezibhedlele kwaye inceda ekusindiseni ubomi babantu abaninzi kukunika igazi, oko kukuthi, utofelo-gazi. Ubuya kumangaliswa ukuba ubunokuxelelwa ukuba kwenye indawo emhlabeni, umntu udinga igazi rhoqo emva kwemizuzwana emi-2 . Abantu abanezifo ezingapheliyo ezifana nezigulana zomhlaza, kwiindlela zotyando, kwiingozi, bafuna igazi ngale ndlela. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba igazi aliyonto inokwenziwa ngokwenziwa, oko kukuthi, kwilebhu. Livela komnye umntu ophilileyo, ozithandelayo. Yiyo loo nto abantu abanikela ngegazi besoloko befuneka.

Ubusazi na ukuba ukunikela ngegazi kube kanye kunokusindisa ubomi obufikelela kwabathathu? Ewe, yinyani leyo. Yiyo loo nto ukunikela ngegazi kuyinto exabisekileyo nexabisekileyo.

Ukuze igazi lihlale likhuselekile ngalo lonke ixesha, lonke igazi elinikelwayo liyavavanywa ukuze lifumane uhlobo lwegazi, kunye nezifo ezosulelayo ezifana ne-AIDS kunye ne-hepatitis.

Ngoko ke, zeziphi izinto ezibalulekileyo esifuna ukuzithatha ekhaya kwibali lanamhlanje?

Kulungile, masikhumbule amanqaku abalulekileyo ekufuneka siwakhumbule kulo lonke eli ntetho:

• Igazi lethu alifani kumntu wonke. Iindidi zegazi lethu zichongwa ziimpawu ezikhethekileyo, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-"Antigens," kwiiseli zethu ezibomvu zegazi.
• Kukho iinkqubo ezimbini eziphambili zohlobo lwegazi: inkqubo ye-ABO (iintlobo ezine u-A, u-B, u-AB, kunye no-O) kunye nenkqubo ye-Rh (elungileyo okanye engalunganga). Ezi zimbini ziyadibana zenze iintlobo zegazi ezisi-8.
• Ukulinganisa uhlobo lwegazi kuyimfuneko xa unikela ngegazi. Ukunika uhlobo lwegazi olungalunganga kunokubangela iimpendulo ezinzima, ezisongela ubomi.
• Igazi eli-O negative linokunikwa nabani na (Umnikeli weUniversal). Igazi eli-AB negative linokufunyanwa kuye nabani na (Ummkeli weUniversal). Oku kufanelekile ukukhunjulwa.
• Uhlobo lwegazi lutshintsho nje lwemfuza, njengombala wamehlo okanye ubume beenwele. Alwenzi impilo yakho ibe ngcono okanye ibe mbi.
• Ukunikela ngegazi kunokusindisa ubomi. Ukuba unako, kwaye ukuba uyahlangabezana neemfaneleko, nikela ngegazi. Yinto exabisekileyo kakhulu nehloniphekileyo onokuyenza.

Ngoko ke, ndiyathemba ukuba ngoku unokuqonda okuhle kunye nombono ocacileyo malunga neentlobo zegazi. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwegazi lakho. Mhlawumbi ngenye imini kuya kuba luncedo kuwe okanye kumntu omaziyo. Ukuba unemibuzo engaphezulu malunga noku, ungathandabuzi ukubuza ugqirha wosapho lwakho okanye esibhedlele.

---

Iintlobo zegazi, Iintlobo zegazi, i-ABO, i-Rh Factor, ukunikezelwa kwegazi, utofelo-gazi