Ngaba amehlo omntwana wakho ahlukile? Ungakhathazeki, masithethe nge-coloboma!

Ngaba ukhe waphawula utshintsho oluncinci kwi-iris emnyama (i-cornea) yeliso lomntwana wakho, mhlawumbi imilo efana nomngxuma wesitshixo? Okanye ngaba ugqirha uhlole umntwana wakho wathi kukho isiphene esincinci ngaphakathi kweliso? Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive usoyika xa usiva ezi zinto. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngemeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Coloboma", edla ngokuvakala ngamanye amaxesha anje.

Yintoni kanye kanye i-coloboma?

Ngamafutshane, i-coloboma sisiphene esikwiliso lomntwana wakho, apho inxalenye yezicubu zeliso ingakhuli ngokupheleleyo. Ibakho xa ezalwa. Isenokuba kwiliso elinye kuphela, okanye inokuba kuwo omabini amehlo.

Ixesha elininzi, sibona i-coloboma kwindawo enombala yeliso, i-iris . Emva koko inxalenye emnyama embindini weliso, umfundi, ibukeka njengemilo yomngxuma wesitshixo . Kodwa le yindlela eqhelekileyo ebonakala ngayo ngaphandle. Ukongeza, kukwakho neentlobo zee-coloboma ngaphakathi kweliso ezingabonakaliyo kuthi ngaphandle.

Ezinye ii-coloboma azibangeli zimpawu. Kodwa ezinye zinokuchaphazela kakhulu umbono womntwana. Iimpawu zixhomekeke ekubeni i-coloboma ikwindawo enjani na emehlweni kunye nohlobo lwezicubu ezingekhoyo. Ugqirha unokukufumanisa oku kwangoko nje ukuba umntwana uzelwe.

Ngubani ofumana i-coloboma?

Enyanisweni, nawuphi na umntwana unokuzalwa ene-coloboma. Ithathwa njengesifo semfuza . Oku kuthetha ukuba inokufunyanwa kubazali ukuya ebantwaneni. Usenokuyiva ibizwa ngokuba "yimeko yokuzalwa."

Nangona kunjalo, nantsi into: Nokuba umama wakho, utata wakho, okanye bobabini bane-coloboma, akuthethi ukuba umntwana wakho ngokuqinisekileyo uza kuba nayo.

Ixhaphake kangakanani i-coloboma?

Ngokwezibalo, malunga nomntwana omnye kwi-10,000 ezizalwa minyaka le unokuba ne-coloboma. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, ayizizo zonke i-coloboma ezibangela iimpawu ezibonakalayo, ngoko ke eli nani linokuba phezulu kancinci. Abanye abantu baphila ngaphandle kweempawu, ngaphandle kweengxaki, kwaye bengazi nokuba bane-coloboma.

I-coloboma ichaphazela njani amehlo omntwana?

Ukuba i-coloboma ichaphazela kangakanani umntwana wakho kuxhomekeke ekubeni ikwindawo enjani elisweni. Ingachaphazela iliso elinye kuphela (i-unilateral coloboma) okanye omabini amehlo (bilateral coloboma). Ukuba ikwimehlo omabini, inokuchaphazela iindawo ezahlukeneyo zamehlo.

Iyintoni impembelelo kwiliso?

Ezinye ii-coloboma azibangeli monakalo ekuboneni komntwana. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye zinokubangela ubumfama obupheleleyo kwiliso elichaphazelekayo. Umzekelo, i-retina yomntwana, i-macula (inxalenye ye-retina enceda ekuboneni okubukhali), okanye i-optic nerve.Ukuba bane-coloboma, basenokuba nombono othile, kodwa basenokuba nokuphazamiseka.

Xa umntwana wakho emncinci kakhulu, usenokungaluboni olu tshintsho embonweni ngoko nangoko.

Abantu abane-coloboma banamathuba amaninzi okufumana ezinye iingxaki zamehlo kamva ebomini, umzekelo:

• IiCataracts
• Imeko yeGlaucoma
• Ukuqhekeka kwe-retinal

Iindawo zeliso apho i-coloboma inokukhula khona

I-Coloboma inokukhula nakweyiphi na indawo yeliso lomntwana. Umzekelo:

• I-Iris (inxalenye enombala yeliso)
• I-Retina (i-membrane ebonakala ekukhanyeni ngaphakathi kweliso)
• I-optic nerve ( i-optic nerve ethwala ulwazi olubonakalayo ukuya engqondweni)
• I-Macula (inxalenye esembindini ye-retina ebalulekileyo ekuboneni okucacileyo nokucacileyo)
• Umzimba we-ciliary (inxalenye yeliso enceda ekutshintsheni imo yelensi nokubonelela ngesondlo kweliso)
• Ijwabu leso

Ngaba singathetha ngqo ngo-Iris Coloboma?

I-Coloboma ye-iris yeyona ixhaphakileyo . Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, i-iris yinxalenye enombala yeliso.

Iintsana ezizelwe zine-iris coloboma zikwabizwa ngokuba yi-`congenital iris coloboma'. Igama lezonyango elithi `congenital'' lithetha into umntu azalwa nayo. Njengezinye iintlobo zee-coloboma, i-iris coloboma inokwenzeka kwiliso elinye kuphela (elicala elinye) okanye kuwo omabini amehlo (elicala elinye). Abantu abane-iris coloboma banokuba nezinye ii-coloboma kwi-retina okanye kwi-optic nerve yabo.

I-Iris coloboma ifunyaniswa kwaye inyangwa ngendlela efanayo nezinye iintlobo ze-coloboma. Abanye abantu basebenzisa iilensi zoqhagamshelwano ezikhethekileyo ukunceda ukugubungela uninzi lomzimba wabo. Utyando lunokwenziwa ukutshintsha inkangeleko ye-iris coloboma, kodwa alufanelekanga kuye wonke umntu. Thetha nogqirha wakho okanye ugqirha wamehlo malunga nokuba loluphi unyango olufanelekileyo kumntwana wakho kunye nexesha ekufuneka lunikwe ngalo.

Ibonakala njani i-iris coloboma?

I-Coloboma ye-iris inokubangela ukuba umfundi womntwana wakho abe nesimo somngxuma wesitshixo okanye isimo se-cat-eye . Le milo ixhomekeke ekubeni ikwindawo ephi kwi-iris kunye nokuba zingakanani izicubu ezilahlekileyo.

Usenokuvakalelwa kukuba i-iris "iyangena" kwinxalenye enemibala yeliso. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, akukho nto iphumayo elisweni okanye ehambahambayo ngaphakathi. I-iris kunye ne-iris zombini ziingqimba ezinkulu zezicubu. Kungenxa yokuba nje isiqwenga esingekhoyo se-iris senza indawo egqunywe rhoqo ye-iris ibonakale ngakumbi.

Ngaba i-iris coloboma iyayichaphazela indlela yokubona?

Ewe, i-coloboma ye-iris inokuchaphazela umbono womntwana.

Izihlunu ezikwi-iris yakho zilawula umfundi wakho - umngxuma omncinci omnyama ovumela ukukhanya kungene elisweni lakho. Iintsana ezizelwe zine-iris coloboma azinazo izicwili kwi-iris yazo. Oku kunokwenza kube nzima kwi-iris yazo ukulawula ukuba umfundi kufuneka abe mkhulu kangakanani (okhululekileyo) okanye omncinci kangakanani (oqunyiweyo).

Ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni i-coloboma inkulu kangakanani, inokubangela iimpawu ezichaphazela umbono womntwana. Umzekelo:

• Ukuziva ngathi amehlo akho aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka xa ekhanyiswe kukukhanya (Photophobia )
• Umbono ofipheleyo
• Umbono ophindwe kabini (iDiplopia)
• "Imifanekiso yeziporho" (ukubona iikopi ezingacacanga zomfanekiso owujongileyo, okanye ukuziva ngathi iindawo ezithile zomfanekiso zihlala zibonakala nasemva kokuba ushukumise amehlo akho)

Zithini iimpawu ze-coloboma?

Ukuba umntwana wakho ubonakalisa iimpawu ze-coloboma, zingabandakanya:

• Uloyiko lokukhanya (i-Photophobia)
• Umngxuma omnyama omile njengomngxuma wesitshixo okanye iliso lekati (Umfundi)
• Ukubona okuphantsi , ubumfama okanye ukulahleka kokubona okuncinci
• I-Nystagmus (ukushukuma kwamehlo ngokungazikhetheliyo )

I-coloboma inokuchaphazela kuphela inxalenye yentsimi yokubona yomntwana (oko kukuthi, lonke uluhlu lokubona anokulubona). I-Coloboma inokubangela izinto ezifana nezi:

• Ukubona okuphantsi kwe-peripheral (oko unokukubona emacaleni xa ujonge phambili)
• Ubunzima bokuqonda ubunzulu
• Ukuba nendawo enkulu kuneqhelekileyo yokungaboni

Yintoni ebangela i-coloboma?

Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba i-coloboma ibangelwa sisifo semfuza esichaphazela uphuhliso lweliso lomntwana ongekazalwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa.

Kwiinyanga ezimbini ngaphambi kokuba umntwana azalwe, amehlo akheka ngokuvala inxalenye yobuchopho ebizwa ngokuba yi-optic fissure . Ukuba le optic fissure ayivali kakuhle, umntwana uya kuba ne-coloboma kwelinye okanye kuwo omabini amehlo.

Iijini zenziwe yi -DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) . Le yimiyalelo yokuba iiseli zisebenze kunye neempawu ezikwenza ube ngumntu owahlukileyo. Nangona uphando lubonise ukuba kukho unxibelelwano phakathi kweejini ezithile kunye nethuba lokuba abantwana bazalwe bene-coloboma, akukho bungqina baneleyo bokuqinisekisa ukuba zeziphi iijini ezibangela oku.

Ezinye izinto zangaphandle – umzekelo, ukusela utywala ngexesha lokukhulelwa – zinokunyusa umngcipheko womntwana wakho wokuba ne-coloboma.

Ifunyanwa njani i-coloboma?

Ugqirha wakho okanye ingcali yamehlo iza kumxilonga umntwana wakho.I-coloboma ifunyanwa ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwamehlo. Bahlola iliso lomntwana, bajonge ngaphakathi kweliso, baze babone naziphi na izicwili ezingekhoyo. Nabani na one-coloboma ebonakalayo (leyo unokuyibona ngaphandle) kufuneka ahlolwe iliso elivulekileyo ukuze kuhlolwe ezinye ii-coloboma ngaphakathi kweliso.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-coloboma?

Inyaniso kukuba, okwangoku akukho nyango "lokutshintsha" izicubu ezilahlekileyo elisweni lomntwana wakho.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba nangona izicwili ezilahlekileyo zingenakulungiseka, kukho unyango olunokunceda ukuphucula umbono womntwana.

Olu nyango lungabandakanya:

• Ukunxiba iilensi zokulungisa (iiglasi okanye izinto ezidityanisiweyo)
• Ukunxiba i-eye patch ukuthintela "iliso elivilaphayo / i-amblyopia"
• Izinto ezinceda ukubona kancinci (ukuba ukubona akunakuphuculwa ngeelensi ezifanelekileyo)

Abanye abantu abane-iris coloboma banokwenza utyando lokutshintsha imbonakalo yeliso elichaphazelekileyo.

Ngaba i-coloboma ingathintelwa?

Awunakuthintela ukuba izifo zemfuza ezifana ne-coloboma zingaphuhli ngexesha lokukhulelwa.

I-Coloboma – kunye nezinye iimeko zemfuza – zifunyenwe zinxulumene nezinto ezithile ezingqongileyo (izinto ezenzeka kumfazi okhulelweyo okanye kwindawo akuyo). Ezi ziquka:

• Ukusela utywala
• Ukutshaya okanye ukusebenzisa iimveliso zecuba
• Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ukuzonwabisa

Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga noko umele ukutye okanye ukusele ngelixa ukhulelwe.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba umntwana wam une-coloboma? Ngaba kufuneka ndikhathazeke?

Ukuba i-coloboma ichaphazela kangakanani ubomi bomntwana wakho kuxhomekeke ekubeni ikwindawo enjani na emehlweni. Abantu abaninzi baphila ne-coloboma ubomi babo bonke ngaphandle kweempawu okanye iingxaki. Kwabanye, ukubona kwabo kunokuchaphazeleka kwasekuzalweni.

Nangona i-coloboma inokonakalisa umbono womntwana wakho, ayisongeli ubomi kwaye ayisayi kusasazeka . Ngoko ke musa ukukhathazeka ngokungeyomfuneko.

Nangona kunjalo, kunqabile kakhulu, i-coloboma ingaba luphawu lwesifo semfuza esisongela ubomi esibizwa ngokuba yi-CHARGE syndrome . Thetha nogqirha wakho okanye ingcali yamehlo malunga neengozi kumntwana wakho kunye noko wena nomntwana wakho ninokukulindela njengoko bekhula.

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha?

Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho emehlweni okanye ekuboneni komntwana wakho, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza . Musa ukuyityeshela nento encinci.

Ukuba umntwana wakho unenye yezi mpawu , yiya esibhedlele ngoko nangoko :

• Ukulahlekelwa ngumbono ngequbuliso
• Intlungu enkulu yamehlo
• Ukukhanya okutsha okanye ukudada emehlweni

Imibuzo yokubuza ugqirha/ugqirha

Xa usiya kugqirha, ungalibali ukubuza le mibuzo. Iya kukunceda uqonde imeko kakhulu:

• Luhlobo luni lwe-coloboma umntwana wam analo?
• Oku kuyichaphazela njani imbono yakhe?
• Zeziphi iindlela zonyango ezikhoyo?
• Ngaba usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana ezinye iingxaki zamehlo?

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

I-Coloboma kukulahlekelwa yinxalenye yeliso lomntwana wakho ngonaphakade. Nangona isenokungabangeli zimpawu okanye iingxaki zokubona, iya kuhlala naye ubomi bakhe bonke. Ukuba i-coloboma iyichaphazela kangakanani imbono yomntwana kuxhomekeke ekubeni ivela phi elisweni. Musa ukuba lusizi okanye uxhalabe. Nika umntwana wakho inkxaso, uthando, kunye neengcebiso zonyango azidingayo. Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho okanye iimpawu ezintsha emehlweni omntwana wakho, xelela ugqirha wakho kwangoko nje ukuba uzibonile. Ngeengcebiso zonyango ezifanelekileyo kunye nokhathalelo, umntwana wakho unokonwaba naye.

I- Coloboma, izifo zamehlo, ukubona kwabantwana, izifo zemfuza, iimeko ezikhoyo ekuzalweni, i-iris coloboma, iingxaki zokubona