Ingaba i-thyroid gland iyawachaphazela amehlo akho? Masifunde yonke into malunga nesifo samehlo se-thyroid!

Ngaba wakha weva ukuba iingxaki ze-thyroid zinokuchaphazela amehlo akho? Ngamanye amaxesha, esinye isifo sinokunxulunyaniswa nesinye ngeendlela esingaziqondiyo. Yiyo loo nto isifo se-thyroid, okanye njengoko sibizwa ngoogqirha, sibizwa ngokuba yi-(Thyroid Eye Disease - TED). Kulapho izicubu ezithambileyo ezijikeleze amehlo akho zidumba khona. Oku kunokubangela ukungakhululeki kunye nentlungu emehlweni akho. Le meko idla ngokubonakala kubantu abanezifo zokuzikhusela komzimba ezihlasela i-thyroid gland. Oku kuqhelekile ngakumbi kubantu abanesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-(Graves' disease). Yiyo loo nto oogqirha ngamanye amaxesha beyibiza ngokuba yi-Graves' Eye Disease.

Yintoni kanye kanye isifo samehlo se-thyroid (TED)?

Ngamafutshane, i-Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) yimeko echaphazela izicubu ezijikeleze amehlo akho, nto leyo ebangela ukuba adumbe. Sisifo esibangelwa kukuzikhusela komzimba, nto leyo ethetha ukuba inkqubo yomzimba wakho yokuzikhusela ihlasela ngempazamo i-thyroid gland kunye nezicubu ezijikeleze amehlo akho.

Cinga nje ukuba inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba ifana nomkhosi okhusela ilizwe lethu. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha lo mkhosi wenza impazamo uze uhlasele abantu bawo. Yiloo nto eyenzekayo kwizifo ezibangelwa kukuzikhusela komzimba.

I-TED ayisiyonto ifika ize idlule. Inezigaba ezahlukeneyo. Ukudumba kunye nokungakhululeki kunokufika kuze kudlule iminyaka emibini nangaphezulu. Iimpawu ziyahluka kumntu nomntu; abanye abantu basenokungafumani zimpawu zingako, ngelixa abanye banokufumana iimpawu eziqatha. Kwabaninzi abantu, ayisiyonto inzima. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba iba nkulu, inokubangela umonakalo ongunaphakade emehlweni, utshintsho kwimbonakalo, kunye nokulahlekelwa yimbono.

Usenokuba ukhe weva oogqirha besebenzisa amanye amagama kule meko. La magama aquka:

• I-thyroid ophthalmopathy
• I-thyroid orbitopathy
• I-Graves' ophthalmopathy
• I-orbitopathy yamangcwaba

La magama ahlukeneyo kuphela ngenxa yemeko efanayo, ngoko ke ungakhathazeki.

Zithini iimpawu zesifo se-thyroid eye (TED)?

Ngoku makhe sibone ukuba ungayibona njani le meko. Jonga ukuba unayo na enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu:

• Iproptosis: Amehlo abonakala ngathi akhulu kwaye aphuma.
• Amehlo arhawuzelelayo natshisayo: Kuvakala kungathandeki, ngokungathi kukho into engalunganga emehlweni akho.
• Ukudumba kunye nokubomvu kweenkophe (iBlepharitis): Imiphetho yeenkophe isenokuba idumbile kwaye ibomvu.
• Amehlo omileyo okanye ukukrazuka rhoqo: Abanye abantu banamava omileyo, ngelixa abanye befumana nje iinyembezi.
• Ukuqhwanyaza rhoqo: Ukuqhwanyaza rhoqo nokungalawulekiyo kwamehlo.
• Uvelwano ekukhanyeni (Photophobia): Amehlo aba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, nokuba ilanga liphumile okanye izibane zivuliwe, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukubona.
• Intlungu yamehlo kunye nentloko ebuhlungu:Isenokuhamba nentlungu ejikeleze amehlo, mhlawumbi kunye nentloko ebuhlungu.
• Ubunzima bokushukumisa amehlo: Kuvakala ngathi kunzima ukushukumisa amehlo xa ujonge phezulu, ezantsi, okanye emacaleni.
• I-Diplopia: Ukubona into enye njengezinto ezimbini.

Ezi mpawu zihlala zichaphazela amehlo omabini, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ezi mpawu zinokubonakala kwiliso elinye kuphela.

Zithini iingxaki zeSifo samehlo sikaGraves?

Emva kokuba isigaba esisebenzayo sesifo samehlo se-thyroid siphelile, utshintsho kwimbonakalo nakwimbono yamehlo lunokuphucula. Kodwa oku akwenzeki rhoqo. Ngamanye amaxesha, izicubu ezijikeleze amehlo zinokuba nezibazi kwaye zingabuyeli esiqhelweni. Kwakhona, ezinye iindawo zeliso ezichaphazela umbono zinokonakala ngonaphakade. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, ezi zinto zinokunyangwa ngotyando.

Utshintsho oluhlala luhleli kwinkangeleko:

• Ukurhoxa kweenkophe
• Amehlo avele ngaphandle
• Amehlo abhityileyo
• Amehlo abomvu

Utshintsho oluhlala luhleli embonweni lunokwenzeka:

• Umbono ofipheleyo
• Umbono ophindwe kabini
• Ukulahlekelwa kakhulu kokubona - Oku kunqabile kakhulu, kodwa kulungile ukwazi.

Kutheni sifumana isifo samehlo se-thyroid (TED)?

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, sisifo esibangelwa kukuzikhusela komzimba. Oku kuthetha ukuba inkqubo yomzimba wakho yokuzikhusela ihlasela i-thyroid gland yakho kunye nezicubu ezijikeleze amehlo akho. Isifo sikaGraves sesona sibangela sixhaphakileyo. Kodwa sinokuvela nakubantu abanezinye izifo ze-thyroid ezibangelwa kukuzimela komzimba, njengesifo sikaHashimoto. Okumangalisayo kukuba, ngamanye amaxesha abantu abangenazo iingxaki ze-thyroid kunye namanqanaba aqhelekileyo e-hormone ye-thyroid banokuhlakulela i-TED.

Kwezi zifo, ii-antibodies ezithile eziveliswa yinkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela komzimba zisebenza njengee-hormone ze-thyroid kwaye zinamathela kwii-receptors ze-thyroid hormone. Ezi receptors zifumaneka kakhulu kwi-thyroid gland, kodwa ezinye zifumaneka nakwizicubu ezingasemva kwamehlo. Ngoko ke, ii-antibodies ezifanayo ezichaphazela i-thyroid nazo zichaphazela amehlo.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuphuhlisa isifo (i-TED)?

Abanye abantu banamathuba amaninzi okuba nale meko. Jonga ukuba uwela kwenye yezi ndidi:

• Ukuba ungumfazi: Abafazi banamathuba aphindwe kahlanu okufumana isifo seGraves nesifo samehlo seGraves kunamadoda. (Nangona kunjalo, ukuba indoda iyasifumana, amathuba aphezulu okuba sibi kakhulu.)
• Ukuba amanqanaba akho e-hormone ye-thyroid aqhelekanga:Amanqanaba aphezulu (hyperthyroidism) kunye namanqanaba aphantsi (hypothyroidism) eehomoni ze-thyroid anokufaka isandla kwi-TED. Ezi homoni, njengee-antibodies esixoxe ngazo ngaphambili, zivuselela ii-receptors kwizicubu zamehlo.
• Ukuba ukhe wasebenzisa unyango lwe-radioiodine (unyango lwe-RAI): Unyango lwe-RAI lolona nyango luphambili lwe-hyperthyroidism. Nangona kunjalo, lunokuba negalelo okanye lube mandundu kwi-TED.
• Ukuba uyatshaya: Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Abantu abatshayayo nabachanabeka kumsi osetyenziswa ngabanye abantu basengozini enkulu yokuba nesifo samehlo se-thyroid. Kwakhona, iimpawu zinokuba nzima kwaye zihlale ixesha elide kubantu abatshayayo. Ukuba une-TED, eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukuyeka ukutshaya.

Ndingafumanisa njani ukuba kukho oogqirha (TED)?

Ugqirha wakho angaxilonga esi sifo ngokwenza uvavanyo lwamehlo emzimbeni aze ahlolisise ngononophelo iinkophe namehlo akho.

Ukuba kuvela ukurhanelwa okunjalo, baya kuyalela uvavanyo lwegazi oluninzi ukujonga amanqanaba ehomoni yakho ye-thyroid kunye nokuba ingaba zininzi okanye zimbalwa kakhulu ezo antibodies egazini lakho.

Ukongeza, ugqirha angacela ezinye iimvavanyo ezininzi:

• Uvavanyo lwamehlo nge-ultrasound
• Uvavanyo lwe-CT Scan (i-Computed Tomography - CT)
• Uvavanyo lwe-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging - MRI)

Olu vavanyo lunokufumanisa ukuba izicubu ezijikeleze amehlo zidumbile kangakanani na kwaye ingaba kukho uxinzelelo kwimithambo-luvo.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango (i-TED)?

Uhlobo lonyango olufunekayo luya kuxhomekeka kwinqanaba lesifo kunye nobunzima baso. (TED) Ngexesha lesigaba esisebenzayo, kukho unyango olunokunceda ekunciphiseni iimpawu. Oku kungabandakanya amayeza asekhaya, amayeza athengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha, okanye amayeza kagqirha. Emva kokuba isigaba esisebenzayo siphelile, unokufuna utyando ukuze ubuyisele inkangeleko yakho okanye ulungise umbono wakho.

Unyango lokunciphisa iimpawu

Olu nyango lunokunceda xa i-TED isebenza:

• Amaconsi amehlo: Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamaconsi amehlo okunceda amehlo omileyo, abomvu, okanye abuhlungu.
• Izongezo zeSelenium: Kufunyenwe ukuba ukunqongophala kweSelenium kwandisa iimpawu ze-TED, ngoko ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ezi.
• Iilensi zeScleral: Ezi zifana neelensi zoqhagamshelwano, kodwa zigubungela indawo enkulu yeliso, zibonelela ngokhuseleko olongezelelekileyo. Zingasetyenziselwa ukunika amayeza.
• Izixhobo zokubona:Ukuba ubona kabini, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba usebenzise i-eye patch okanye unxibe iiglasi ezineeprism ezikhethekileyo.
• Amayeza (eThionamides): Ukuba une (hyperthyroidism) (ngenxa yesifo sikaGraves), amayeza anjenge (methimazole) kunye (propylthiouracil) anokunikwa ukunciphisa amanqanaba ehomoni ye-thyroid.
• Ii-Corticosteroids: Ukuba iimpawu zakho zinzima, ugqirha wakho unokukunika ii-corticosteroids okwethutyana elifutshane ukunciphisa ukudumba. Ezi zinokunikwa njengeepilisi ezithathwa ngomlomo okanye njengenaliti emthanjeni (IV).
• (Teprotumumab - Tepezza®): Eli liyeza lokuqala elivunyiweyo eMelika ngo-2020 ukunyanga (TED). Eli liyeza elitsha kudidi olubizwa ngokuba yi-(biologics) elinciphisa ukudumba. Amayeza amaninzi anjengala ayaphuhliswa ngoku.
• Unyango ngemitha: Cinga ngonyango ngemitha ukuze kutshatyalaliswe iiseli zomzimba ezisebenzayo ezingasemva kwamehlo kwaye kuncitshiswe ukudumba. Ugqirha wakho wamehlo unokukuthumela kwingcali yomhlaza wemitha.

Khumbula, ukuba olu nyango alusebenzi kuwe, iqela lakho lezonyango liya kukubonelela ngezinye iindlela zonyango. Utyando alufuneki rhoqo ngexesha lesifo samehlo sikaGraves. Uninzi lwexesha, utyando luqwalaselwa emva kokuba imeko yakho izinzile. Kulapho kuphela apho sinokuqiniseka khona ukuba loluphi utshintsho kwinkangeleko nakwimbono oluya kuhlala luhleli.

Utyando lwe (TED)

Kwezinye iimeko, utyando lunokufuneka:

• Utyando lokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-orbital: Olu tyando alufuneki rhoqo ukuba ukudumba kubangela uxinzelelo kwi-optic nerve. Ugqirha ususa iqhekeza lethambo ukuze anciphise uxinzelelo. Oku kwenziwa ukunciphisa ukudumba kweliso emva kokuba isifo siphelile.
• Utyando lwe-thyroid: Unyango lwe-hyperthyroidism enzima. Ukuba amayeza ayasilela ukulawula amanqanaba ehomoni ye-thyroid, i-thyroid gland inokufuneka isuswe.
• Utyando lwe-eyelid: Ukuba amehlo akho awile, olu tyando lwenzelwa ukuzibuyisela kwimo yawo yokuqala. Oku akupheleli nje ekunciphiseni ukungonwabi kwamehlo, kodwa kuphucula inkangeleko kwaye kukhusela iliso ekubonakaleni.
• Utyando lwemisipha yamehlo: Olu tyando lunokuba yimfuneko ukuba izihlunu ezishukumisa amehlo zineenxeba kwaye zinobunzima bokuhambisa amehlo, okanye ukuba amehlo aphazamisekile kwaye ubona kwicala elahlukileyo.
• Utyando lwe-Oculoplastic: Oku kubandakanya ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwezicubu ezithambileyo kunye/okanye amathambo ajikeleze amehlo. Kunokulungisa iingxaki zobuhle ezifana namehlo aphumileyo kunye neengxowa phantsi kwamehlo.
• Ukufakelwa kwe-cornea:Ukuba i-cornea yonakele kakhulu ngenxa yokuvezwa liliso ngexesha lesigaba esisebenzayo sesi sifo, ukufakelwa i-cornea kunokuthathwa njengokuphucula umbono.

(TED) Iyintoni ikamva lale meko?

Kwabaninzi abantu, i-TED ayibi mbi kakhulu, ngoko ke imeko idla ngokuba ntle. Uninzi lwabantu luneempawu ezincinci, ezihlala ziphela zodwa. Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu zinokuba nzima ngakumbi kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwama-50 ubudala. Ukuba une-TED enzima, unokufuna indibaniselwano yonyango ukuze uyilawule. Abanye abantu banokwenza utshintsho oluhlala luhleli emehlweni abo, olunokufuna utyando.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba unesifo samehlo se-thyroid, kubalulekile ukwazisa iqela lakho lezonyango ukuba iimpawu zakho ziya zisiba mandundu. Kufuneka ubaxelele nokuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho embonweni wakho. Ezinye iinguqulelo zinokufuna unyango olungxamisekileyo. Fowunela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko ukuba ubona nayiphi na kwezi zilandelayo:

• Ukuba umbono wakho ubonakala uncipha, okanye ukuba ulahlekelwa ngumbono kwicala elinye.
• Ukuba imibala ibonakala yahlukile kunendlela ekufanele ibonakale ngayo.
• Ukuba ngequbuliso uva iintlungu eziqatha emehlweni.

Isifo samehlo seGraves sinokuchaphazela ngokwenene umgangatho wobomi bakho. Abantu abaninzi abanazo iimpawu eziqatha, kodwa kunokuba nzima kakhulu xa zikho. Ukudumba okujikeleze amehlo kunokuchaphazela intuthuzelo yakho, umbono, kunye nenkangeleko yakho. Kufuneka iqela loogqirha ukukunceda ujongane nazo zonke ezi zinto. Kubalulekile nokuba nenkxaso ebomini bakho. Ukuba awufumani nkxaso oyifunayo, buza iqela lakho lezonyango. Banokukwazi ukukuxelela ngezixhobo ezinokukunceda ngempilo yakho yengqondo.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, masishwankathele ezinye zezinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule koko sithethe ngako:

• Isifo samehlo se-thyroid (TED) sisifo esichaphazela amehlo anxulunyaniswa neengxaki ze-thyroid gland.
• Qaphela iimpawu ezinje ngokudumba kwamehlo, ukuba bomvu, ukudumba, kunye nokubona kabini.
• Ukuba uyatshaya, yeka ngokuqinisekileyo. Olu lolona ncedo lukhulu onokulwenza.
• Ukuba iimpawu zinzima okanye ukuba ubona utshintsho embonweni , funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko.
• Kubantu abaninzi, le meko ayibalulekanga kangako, kwaye kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango ezikhoyo. Ngoko ke musani ukoyika, kodwa kubalulekile ukufuna unyango olufanelekileyo.
• Impilo yakho yengqondo nayo ibaluleke kakhulu ngeli xesha. Ungathandabuzi ukufuna uncedo nangalo ukuba uyalufuna.

Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luluncedo kuwe. Hlala usempilweni!

Isifo samehlo se - thyroid, isifo se-Graves, ukudumba kwamehlo, ukubomvu kwamehlo, iingxaki zokubona, i-thyroid, iihomoni