Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba yeyiphi inkqubo emangalisayo esebenza ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu ukusikhusela kwizifo? Njengomkhosi okhusela ilizwe, imizimba yethu ikwanayo nenkqubo yokuzikhusela enamandla ebizwa ngokuba yiNkqubo yoKhuseleko loMzimba. Le nkqubo ineentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli ezifana namajoni. Kodwa kukho enye inxalenye enceda lo mkhosi uphambili, njengomkhosi okhawulezayo kakhulu, okhethekileyo. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yiNkqubo yoQeqesho. Namhlanje sithetha ngalo mkhosi uyimfihlo.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni iComplement System?
Inkqubo Yokuphelelisa yinxalenye yenkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba. Ibizwa ngokuba yi-"Complement" kuba idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu "ekupheleliseni" okanye "ekuncedeni" ukusebenza kwezinye iiseli kwinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba. Cinga ngayo njengomhlobo wakho osenyongweni, uhlala ekhona ukukuxhasa.
Ngamafutshane, lo ngumgca wokuqala wokuzikhusela kwinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela yomzimba. Nguwo ovuselela kwaye ukhuphe izilumkiso kwangoko xa utshaba, njengentsholongwane okanye intsholongwane, lungena emzimbeni. Kwakhona, umsebenzi walo ophambili kukususa iiseli ezonakeleyo emva kwengozi kunye nokunceda ukuphilisa ezo ndawo.
Zithini imisebenzi ephambili yale nkqubo?
Le nkqubo iyasebenza xa ibona utshaba lwangaphandle (umzekelo, intsholongwane). Emva koko, nazi izinto eziphambili ezenzekayo:
- Ukujonga iintshaba: Zifumana izinto eziyingozi, ezinje ngeebhaktheriya, ezingene emzimbeni, zinamathele kuzo, zize zixelele ezinye iiseli kwinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ukuba, "Olu lutshaba." Kufana nokupeyinta umzimba wotshaba ngepeyinti ukuze kube lula kwabanye ukuyiqonda.
- Izizathu zokudumba: Xa ufumana ukwenzakala, indawo iba bomvu, idumbe, kwaye ishushu, akunjalo? Yiyo loo nto ukudumba kuyiyo. Oku kuyinto elungileyo ngokwenene. Kubangela ukuba igazi elingakumbi lihambe liye kuloo ndawo, kuzise iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe ezininzi ukulwa neentsholongwane. Ukunceda ukuqalisa le nkqubo ngumsebenzi obalulekileyo weNkqubo yokuQokelela.
- Isusa iintshaba: Nje ukuba iintshaba zichongiwe, le nkqubo inegalelo ngokuthe ngqo ekutshatyalalisweni kwazo. Ngamanye amaxesha ezi proteni ziyadibana ukuze zenze imingxunya eludongeni lweeseli zebhaktheriya, zilutshabalalise. Zikwanceda ekususeni iziqwenga zeentshaba ezitshatyalalisiweyo kunye neeseli ezifileyo apho.
Yenziwe ngantoni le nkqubo? Isebenza njani?
Le nkqubo imangalisayo yenziwe ngeeproteni. Iqulathe malunga neeproteni ezingama-50 ezidada kwindawo engamanzi egazini lethu ebizwa ngokuba yiplasma, kwaye zincinci kangangokuba zinokubonwa kuphela ngemakroskopu. Ezi protein sizibiza ngokuba ziiproteni zeplasma .
Ezi proteni zenziwa esibindini sethu. Emva koko ziqokelelana egazini nakwezinye izicwili zomzimba, zilungele ukusebenza nangaliphi na ixesha.
Kodwa into emangalisayo kukuba, ezi proteni zihlala zikwimeko "yokungasebenzi" . Ngokungathi zilele. Azenzi nje umsebenzi wazo. Zivuka kuphela xa umzimba wenzakele okanye xa utshaba, njengebhaktheriya, lungena.
I-Cascade
Indlela ezi protein ezivuka ngayo iyamangalisa. Ifana nomqolo weedomino eziwayo.
Khawuthelekelele ukuba unomqolo weedomino. Kwenzeka ntoni xa ucofa idomino yokuqala ngomnwe wakho? Iyawa ize iwele kwidomino elandelayo. Oko kubangela ukuba idomino elandelayo iwe. Njalo njalo njalo de ufikelele kwidomino yokugqibela, akunjalo?
Iiproteni ezikwinkqubo yokugcwalisa zisebenza ngendlela efanayo. I-trigger ivuselela iproteni yokuqala. Emva koko ivuselela iproteni elandelayo. Kuze kulandele elandelayo... njalo njalo, kwi-chain reaction. Kwizonyango, oku sikubiza ngokuba yi- "cascade." Njengoko iproteni nganye isebenza, nganye yenza umsebenzi wayo wokukhusela kwaye idlulisela umyalezo kwenye.
Zeziphi izifo ezinokuvela xa kukho ingxaki kwinkqubo yokongeza?
Le nkqubo ibaluleke kakhulu emizimbeni yethu kangangokuba naluphi na ubuthathaka okanye ukusebenza ngokugqithisileyo kuyo kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinkulu zempilo. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zeengxaki apha:
1. Ukunqongophala kwenkqubo yokuncedisa: Oku kuthetha ukuba iiproteni ezikule nkqubo azanelanga, okanye azisebenzi kakuhle. Ngamaxesha anje, inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba iba buthathaka. Emva koko, amathuba okufumana usulelo oluqhelekileyo, ingakumbi usulelo lweebhaktheriya, aphezulu kakhulu. Ngamanye amaxesha, olu sulelo lunokuba nzima kwaye lukhokelele kwiimeko ezisongela ubomi ezifana ne -sepsis .
2. Ukusebenza kakhulu kwenkqubo yokuncedisa: Oku kuthetha ukuba le nkqubo isebenza ngaphezu kokuba kufanele. Isebenza rhoqo ngaphandle kwesizathu. Xa oku kusenzeka, le nkqubo iqala ukuhlasela kungekuphela nje iintshaba ezingene emzimbeni, kodwa neeseli zayo eziphilileyo. Oku sikubiza ngokuba zizifo zokuzikhusela komzimba .
Ngamafutshane, le nkqubo ifana nonogada. Ukuba unogada ulala, amasela angangena lula endlwini (ingxaki). Ukuba unogada uphazamiseka kakhulu aze aqalise ukuhlasela amalungu osapho, loo nto nayo yingxaki (ukungasebenzi kakuhle).
| Imeko yezonyango | Ubudlelwane neNkqubo yoQhagamshelwano |
|---|---|
| Isifuba somntu onesifo se-allergy | Ukusebenza kakhulu kwenkqubo kunokunyusa ukudumba kwindlela yokuphefumla. |
| I-anemia | Kwezinye iintlobo, le nkqubo inegalelo ekutshatyalalisweni kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi. |
| Umhlaza - umz. i-leukemia, i-lymphoma | Ezinye iiseli zomhlaza zisebenzisa iindlela zokuphepha le nkqubo, kwaye ezinye iindlela zonyango zijolise kule nkqubo. |
| Isifo sezintso | Ukusebenza kakhulu kwenkqubo kunokonakalisa izintso. |
| Ukuwohloka kwe-macular | Esi sifo, esonakalisa i-retina, sikwanxulumene nokusebenza kwenkqubo yokongeza. |
| Irheumatoid arthritis | Esi sisifo esibangelwa kukuzikhusela komzimba, kwaye inkqubo yokuncedisa inegalelo ekonakaleni kwamalungu. |
Zingaba yintoni iimpawu zale ngxaki inje?
Ukuba inkqubo yokuncedisa ayisebenzi kakuhle, inkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela komzimba iba buthathaka. Emva koko unokuba neempawu ezifana nezi.
| Uphawu | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Usulelo oluqhelekileyo | Ngenxa yokungabikho komzimba oqinileyo, izifo ezifana nomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, kunye ne-pneumonia zinokwenzeka rhoqo. |
| Ukudinwa nokudinwa rhoqo | Usenokuziva udiniwe kakhulu kuba kukho imfazwe eqhubekayo emzimbeni wakho okanye kuba inkqubo yakho ayisebenzi kakuhle. |
| Intlungu yamalungu | Ukudumba kunye nentlungu yamalungu kunokwenzeka, ingakumbi kwizifo ezihlasela amajoni omzimba. |
| Ukudumba (ukudumba) | Iindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba, ingakumbi amalungu kunye nolusu, zinokudumba. |
Ukuba unale mpawu, ingakumbi ukuba uhlala uzibona , ungakhathazeki kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo bonana nogqirha wakho .
Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo ukujonga impilo yale nkqubo?
Ukuba ugqirha ukrokrela le nkqubo ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zakho, angenza iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa oko.
Uvavanyo olubaluleke kakhulu luvavanyo lwegazi olubizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lokongeza . Oku kuquka ukuthatha isampuli encinci yegazi kumthambo osengalweni yakho nokulinganisa ubungakanani beeproteni zokongeza ezikuwo kunye nokuba zisebenza kakuhle kangakanani.
Olu vavanyo lunokunceda ugqirha wakho afumane izinto ezifana nezi:
- Kutheni ufumana usulelo rhoqo?
- Yintoni ebangela isifo sakho se-autoimmune kwaye unyango lwaso lusebenza kangakanani?
- Injani impilo iyonke yenkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela?
Ukongeza, kunokwenziwa ezinye iimvavanyo, ezifana nokubalwa kwegazi elipheleleyo kunye namanqanaba e-immunoglobulin.
Wenza ntoni njengonyango?
Unyango luxhomekeke kwingxaki onayo, nokuba kukusilela okanye ukusebenza kakhulu kwenkqubo. Injongo ephambili yonyango kukulawula iimpawu kunye nokulinganisela ukusebenza kwenkqubo.
- Ii-antibiotics: Ii-antibiotics zinikwa ukunyanga nokuthintela usulelo oluqhelekileyo lweebhaktheriya ngenxa yobuthathaka benkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.
- Unyango lokunciphisa umzimba: Ukuba unesifo sokuzikhusela komzimba apho inkqubo isebenza kakhulu ize ihlasele umzimba wakho, la mayeza anikwa ukunciphisa isantya somzimba.
- Utofelo-gazi okanye iplasma: Ukuba kukho ukungabikho okukhulu kweeproteni ezincedisayo, ezo proteni zinokungeniswa emzimbeni ngeplasma elawulwa ngaphandle.
- Ukugonywa: Ngenxa yokuba inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ayisebenzi kakuhle, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba ufumane isitofu sokugonya, esifana nesifo se-pneumococcal , ukuze sikukhusele kwizifo ezinzulu ezifana ne-pneumonia.
- Unyango lwe-chemotherapy lomhlaza: Ukuba ingxaki inxulumene nomhlaza, unyango olufanelekileyo luya kunikwa.
Siyigcina njani inkqubo yethu yokuncedisana isempilweni?
Inyaniso kukuba, awunakuyivula/uyicime ngokuthe ngqo iswitshi kwinkqubo ye-complement. Asinakuyitshintsha ngokuthe ngqo indlela esebenza ngayo. Kodwa, singayigcina yonke inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela yomzimba iqinile kwaye isempilweni. Emva koko inkqubo ye-complement nayo iya kusebenza kakuhle.
Ngoko ke, yenza ezi zinto zilula ukuze unyamekele umzimba wakho wonke:
- Yitya ukutya okunesondlo esifanelekileyo: Yitya isidlo esilungileyo esiquka imifuno, iziqhamo kunye neeproteni ezicocekileyo.
- Zilolonge rhoqo: Yenza umthambo onzima ubuncinane imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku.
- Hlala ucocekile: Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle phambi kokutya nasemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese.
- Lala ngokwaneleyo: Lala kakuhle ubuncinane iiyure ezisi-7-8 ngosuku. Inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela iyazilungisa xa silele.
- Zikhusele ekwenzakaleni: Sebenzisa amanyathelo okhuseleko xa usenza imisebenzi eyingozi.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Inkqubo yokuncedisana yinxalenye yenkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela. Ngumgca wokuqala wokuzikhusela osikhusela kwiintsholongwane.
- Ukunqongophala kweeproteni zale nkqubo kunokukhokelela kwiintsholongwane ezixhaphakileyo, kwaye ukusebenza ngokugqithisileyo kunokukhokelela kwizifo zokuzikhusela komzimba.
- Ukuba uhlala ugula, uzive udiniwe kakhulu, okanye unentlungu yamalungu, kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha ngaphandle kokuyityeshela loo nto.
- Nangona singenakuyilawula ngokuthe ngqo le nkqubo, singayigcina yonke inkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela inamandla ngendlela yokuphila enempilo (ukutya okunempilo, ukuzilolonga, ukulala).
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