Ngaba umntwana wakho uziphatha kakubi? Ngaba uyaphula imithetho? Masithethe nge-Conduct Disorder!

Ngaba umntwana wakho akaphulaphuli xa uthetha? Ngaba uhlala elwa? Ngaba uxhaphaza abanye abantwana, mhlawumbi nezilwanyana? Ngamanye amaxesha unokucinga, 'Yintoni engalunganga ngalo mntwana? Kutheni eziphethe kakubi kangaka?' Enyanisweni, ukuba olu hlobo lokuziphatha luqhubeka kangangeenyanga, aluyonto nje embi . Isenokuba luphawu lwesifo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuba yi-"Conduct Disorder". Makhe sithethe ngale nto ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni le (Ukuphazamiseka Kwendlela Yokuziphatha)?

Ngamafutshane, "Ukuphazamiseka Kwendlela Yokuziphatha" yimeko yempilo yengqondo enokubonwa ebantwaneni nakubantu abancinci (abaphakathi kweminyaka eli-10 neli-19). Kule nto, into ephambili kukuba umntwana uhlala eziphatha ngendlela enobundlongondlongo ngaphandle kokuqwalasela abanye kwaye enze ngendlela eyonakalisa impilo-ntle kunye namalungelo abanye. Kwakhona, aba bantwana badla ngokwaphula imithetho ekhaya nasesikolweni, kwaye abanandaba nemigaqo yoluntu konke konke.

Cinga ngayo njengeqela leengxaki zokuziphatha. Usenokuba ukhe weva ngemeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Kule meko, umntwana akathobeli abantu abadala, uxambulisana rhoqo, kwaye ngabom ucaphukisa abanye. Ngamanye amaxesha, le ODD inokuba qatha ngakumbi kwaye ibe yi-Conduct Disorder.

Enye into ebalulekileyo kukuba abantwana abanengxaki yokuziphatha banamathuba amaninzi okuba nezinye iingxaki zempilo yengqondo. Umzekelo:

• Uxinzelelo .
• Ingxaki Yokungakwazi Ukuqwalasela/Ukuphazamiseka Kokusebenza Kakhulu (ADHD) .
• Iingxaki zokufunda .

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-Conduct Disorder kunye ne-Personality Disorders?

Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza ukuba, ingaba le yingxaki yobuntu? Ingxaki yobuntu yingxaki ehlala ixesha elide, enzima kwiingcinga zomntu, indlela aziphethe ngayo, indlela avakalelwa ngayo, kunye nolwalamano lwakhe nabanye. Uninzi lwexesha, ezi ngxaki zobuntu ziqala ebusheni, xa ubuntu busakhula. Ke ngoko, abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka eli-18 ubudala badla ngokufunyaniswa benesifo sobuntu.

Nangona kunjalo, kukho into enye eyahlukileyo koku. Leyo yimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(Antisocial Personality Disorder - ASPD)`. Malunga nama-80% abantu abanale meko banokuqala ukubonisa iimpawu kwangethuba beneminyaka eli-11 ubudala. Enyanisweni, akukho mahluko mkhulu phakathi kwe-`(Conduct Disorder)` ebonwa ebuntwaneni kunye ne-`(ASPD)` ebonwa ebudaleni. Nangona kunjalo, i-`(Conduct Disorder)` sisifo esinikwa abantwana. Ukuba umntu omdala ubonisa iimpawu ezinxulumene nezi meko zombini, umcebisi wezempilo yengqondo uya kunika isifo se-`(ASPD)` endaweni ye-`(Conduct Disorder).

Ngubani ofumana i-Conduct Disorder?

Le meko ichaphazela abantwana kunye nabantu abadala abaselula. Ngamanye amaxesha ingaqala kwangethuba beneminyaka eli-10 ubudala, nto leyo ebizwa ngokuba "kukuqala kwangoko." Nangona kunjalo, ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abadala abancinci (phakathi kweminyaka eli-10 neli-19 ubudala).

Ngokwezibalo, le meko ixhaphake kakhulu kubafana kunamantombazana. Iimpawu zihlala ziqala ukubonakala phakathi kweminyaka eli-10-12 kubafana kunye neli-14-16 kumantombazana.

Ixhaphake kangakanani i-Conduct Disorder?

Ngokwezibalo eMelika, le meko ichaphazela phakathi kwe-2% kunye ne-10% yabantwana kunye nabantu abadala abancinci. Iimeko ezifanayo ziyabonakala nakwilizwe lethu, kodwa kunzima ukunika iinkcukacha-manani ezichanekileyo.

Zithini iimpawu ze-Conduct Disorder?

Oku akuyonto eyenzeka ngobusuku obunye. Iindlela zokuziphatha ezinxulumene "nokuphazamiseka kokuziphatha" zikhula kancinci kancinci emntwaneni. Aba bantwana banenkani, kunzima ukubalawula, kwaye babonakala bengenandaba neemvakalelo zabanye.

Kukho iintlobo ezine ezisisiseko zengxaki yokuziphatha :

1. Ukuba ndlongondlongo ebantwini nakwizilwanyana kunye/okanye ukwaphula amalungelo asisiseko abanye abantu.

2. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwempahla.

3. Ukuqhatha, ukuxoka kunye/okanye ukuba.

4. Ukwaphulwa okukhulu kwemithetho nemigaqo.

Ngoku makhe sijonge nganye kwezi ndlela zokuziphatha ngokweenkcukacha ezithe vetshe.

1. Ubundlobongela kwabanye nakwizilwanyana

Ezi zilandelayo ziimpawu:

• Ukuxhaphaza abanye abantwana.
• Ukuhlaselwa ngokwasemzimbeni (mhlawumbi nokusebenzisa izixhobo ezibukhali ).
• Basoloko belwa ngamazwi kwaye besongela.
• Banyanzelwa ukuba benze izenzo zesondo.
• Batyhola abanye ngeempazamo zabo.
• Izilwanyana ziyalimala kwaye ziyahlukunyezwa.

Khawucinge nje, kukho umntwana ogama lingu 'Kasun' esikolweni. Uhlala ebetha abanye abantwana eklasini, ebe ukutya kwabo, aze abahlekise. Ngamanye amaxesha uphosa amatye ezinjeni esitalatweni. Ukuba uqhubeka esenza izinto ezinje, yinto ekufuneka ixhalatyelwe.

2. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwepropathi

Oku kuquka:

• Ukutshisa kwenziwa ngabom.
• Ukonakalisa okanye ukutshabalalisa izinto zabanye abantu. Umzekelo, ukuphula iidesika nezitulo zesikolo, okanye ukubhala imizobo eludongeni.

3. Ukuqhatha, ukuxoka kunye nokuba

Ezi mpawu zezi:

• Basoloko bexoka ukuze bafumane ithuba okanye baphephe uxanduva.
• Bayaba kwabanye abantu okanye ezivenkileni.
• Bangena ngokunyenya emakhayeni nakwiishishini ukuze babe iimpahla.

4. Ukwaphulwa okukhulu kwemithetho nemigaqo

Izinto eziphantsi koku:

• Ukwaphula imithetho ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo.
• Ukungayi esikolweni sisenzo sokungayi esikolweni.
• Ukubaleka ekhaya.
• Basoloko bephula imithetho ebekwe ngabazali babo.

Ezinye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zeSiphazamiso sokuziphatha

Ukongeza kwezi mpawu zisisiseko, ungabona ezinye izinto:

• Ukusebenzisa utywala kakhulu kunye/okanye iziyobisi.
• Ukuziphatha ngokwesondo okuyingozi rhoqo.
• Uba nomsindo ngokukhawuleza aze aphazamiseke.
• Abenzi mzamo wokufihla indlela abaziphatha ngayo ngokuba ndlongondlongo.
• Ababonisi kuzisola ngezenzo zabo ezimbi.
• Kunzima ukwenza abahlobo nokugcina ubuhlobo.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ukuziphatha okunenkani nokungathobeli ngamanye amaxesha kuyinto eqhelekileyo ngexesha lobuntwana kunye nokufikisa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuze kufunyaniswe ukuba "yiNgxaki yoKuziphatha", ezi mpawu kufuneka ziqhubeke, ziphazamise abanye, kwaye zenzeke ngendlela ephindaphindayo.

Iimpawu zokuphazamiseka kokuziphatha kubantu abadala

Njengoko abantwana abane-Conduct Disorder bekhula, banokuba nobunzima bokugcina umsebenzi okanye ukugcina ubudlelwane. Basenokubandakanyeka nakwizenzo ezingekho mthethweni okanye eziyingozi. Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, ukuba umntu omdala ubonakalisa ezi mpawu, unokubizwa ngokuba yi-Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD).

Zithini izizathu zokuphazamiseka kokuziphatha?

Ngoku mhlawumbi ucinga, "Kutheni oku kwenzeka kumntwana wam?" Kunzima kakhulu ukukhomba isizathu esinye kuphela. Abaphandi bathi kusenokwenzeka ukuba ludibaniso oluntsonkothileyo lwezinto zemfuza/zebhayoloji kunye nezinto ezisingqongileyo .

Izinto zemfuza/zebhayoloji:

• Izifundo ezahlukeneyo zibonise ukuba ezinye iimpawu ezinxulumene "nokuphazamiseka kokuziphatha" (umz. ukuziphatha okungafanelekanga, ukuthanda ukwenza izinto ngokuthanda kwakho, umsindo okhawulezayo, ubundlongondlongo, ukungakhathali kwisohlwayo) zinokuzuzwa njengelifa .
• Kufunyaniswe ukuba amanqanaba aphezulu ehomoni ethi ``Testosterone`` emzimbeni anxulunyaniswa nobundlobongela.
• Ukulimala kwengqondo okubangelwa kukwenzakala, ukuxhuzula, kunye nokonakala kwenkqubo yemithambo-luvo nako kunokubangela ukuziphatha kakubi.

Izinto ezichaphazela abazali, usapho kunye nokusingqongileyo:

• Abazali babantwana abancinci abane-Conduct Disorder basenokuba yinxalenye yokusebenzisa iziyobisi okanye ukuziphatha ngendlela engafanelekanga. Basenokuba neemeko ezifana ne-ADHD, iingxaki zemood, i-schizophrenia, okanye i-antisocial personality disorder.
• Ukuba imeko yasekhaya ayilungelelananga, akukho lwalathiso lufanelekileyo, okanye kukho iingxabano eziqhubekayo phakathi kwabazali , oku kunokuchaphazela indlela umntwana aziphethe ngayo. Oku kunokukhokelela "kwiNgxaki yoKuziphatha".
• Abantwana abasoloko bechaphazeleka kubundlobongela basekhaya banamathuba amaninzi okuba nesifo "sokungaziphathi kakuhle".
• Ukuphila kwindawo ekumgangatho ophantsi kwezentlalo-qoqosho, ukuba nabantu abaninzi kakhulu ekhayeni, kunye nokungasebenzi kunokubangela uxinzelelo lwezoqoqosho nolwentlalo. Oku kunokwenza kube nzima kubazali ukunyamekela abantwana babo ngokufanelekileyo. Le meko ixhaphake kakhulu kubantwana abahlala kwindawo ekumgangatho ophantsi kwezentlalo-qoqosho.
• Ukuba iziyobisi zifumaneka lula kwindawo ehlala umntwana, kwaye ukuba kukho ulwaphulo-mthetho oluninzi , loo mntwana usengozini enkulu yokuba ``noBugqwirha bokuziphatha''.

Kodwa khumbula oku: Kwanabantwana abavela kwiintsapho ezisebenza kakuhle nezisempilweni banokuba "neengxaki zokuziphatha." Ngoko ke musa ukucinga ukuba, "Akukho nto imbi kusapho lwam, ngoko ke kwenzeke njani oku?"

Indlela yokuqaphela (ingxaki yokuziphatha)?

Oku kungachongwa kuphela yingcali yezempilo yengqondo. Oko kuthetha "ingcali yezengqondo" okanye "ingcali yezengqondo". Basebenzisa imigaqo evela kwincwadi yesikhokelo ye-"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)" ye-American Psychiatric Association.

Ngokwaloo migaqo, umntwana okanye umntu osemtsha kufuneka abe ubonakalise ezintathu okanye ngaphezulu kwezi ndlela zilandelayo kwiinyanga ezili-12 ezidlulileyo . Kwakhona, ubuncinane enye yeempawu kufuneka ibe ikhona kwiinyanga ezi-6 ezidlulileyo :

• Ubundlobongela ebantwini nakwizilwanyana.
• Ukutshatyalaliswa kwepropathi.
• Ukuqhatha, ukuxoka, okanye ukuba.
• Ukwaphulwa okukhulu kwemithetho yabazali.

Ezi ndlela zokuziphatha kufuneka zibe nefuthe elikhulu kubudlelwane bomntwana, ubomi basekhaya, umsebenzi wesikolo, kunye/okanye umsebenzi (ukuba ngumntwana omncinci) .

Ukuba umntwana wakho ubonakalisa iimpawu zokuphazamiseka kokuziphatha, unokufuna ukuthunyelwa kwiNgcali yezeNgqondo yabantwana nabakwishumi elivisayo okanye kwiNgcali yezeNgqondo yabantwana nabakwishumi elivisayo. Aba ngcali basebenzisa udliwanondlebe olulungiselelwe ngokukodwa kunye nezixhobo zovavanyo ukuvavanya umntwana ukuba unengxaki yempilo yengqondo.

Amaxesha amaninzi, iingcali zengqondo kunye neengcali zengqondo zifumana ulwazi kubazali bomntwana, abantakwabo, abahlobo, kunye nootitshala ukuze bafumane umfanekiso opheleleyo wendlela aziphatha ngayo umntwana.

Iphathwa njani i-Conduct Disorder?

Unyango oluphambili lwe-Conduct Disorder ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-psychotherapy . Oku kufuneka kwenziwe nomntwana, usapho, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kwinqanaba loluntu.

Ezinye zeendlela eziphambili zonyango zezi:

• Uqeqesho Lolawulo Lwabazali: Oku kuquka ukuqeqesha abazali bomntwana ngendlela yokuqeqesha umntwana wabo, ukumisela imithetho engaguquguqukiyo, ukuvuza nokukhuthaza ukuziphatha okuhle, kunye nokulawula ukuziphatha okubi. Ngamafutshane, babafundisa indlela 'yokulawula' umntwana wabo.
• Unyango lwengqondo: Unyango lwengqondo liqela leendlela zonyango ezinceda umntu ukuba abone kwaye atshintshe iimvakalelo zakhe ezikhathazayo, iingcinga kunye nokuziphatha. Ngokusebenzisana nomcebisi wezempilo yengqondo, umntwana kunye nosapho bafumana inkxaso, imfundo kunye nesikhokelo. Unyango lwengqondo lokuphazamiseka kokuziphatha luhlala lugxile kubomi bosapho kunye nobomi besikolo, lunceda ukuphucula ubudlelwane bosapho, impumelelo yezemfundo, kunye nokuziphatha komntwana kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.
• Uqeqesho Lokulawula Umsindo: Injongo yoku kukunciphisa ukuvuseleleka ngokweemvakalelo nangokomzimba umntwana akufumanayo ngenxa yomsindo. Ekubeni kungenakwenzeka ukubaphepha ngokupheleleyo abantu okanye izinto ezimenza abe nomsindo, olu qeqesho lufundisa umntwana indlela yokulawula iimpendulo zakhe.
• I-psychotherapy yomntu ngamnye, efana ne-cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT): Unyango lomntu ngamnye kumntwana onengxaki yokuziphatha lugxile ekuphuhliseni izakhono zokusombulula iingxaki, ukusombulula iingxabano nokuqinisa ubudlelwane, kunye nokuphuhlisa izakhono zokugatya iimpembelelo ezimbi kwindalo esingqongileyo.
• Unyango Olusekelwe Kuluntu: Oku kuquka izikolo zonyango kunye namaziko onyango asekuhlaleni. Ezi zinokubonelela ngenkqubo ecwangcisiweyo yokunciphisa ukuziphatha okuphazamisayo komntwana.

Oogqirha abadli ngokunika amayeza ngokuthe ngqo kwi-Conduct Disorder. Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni le meko inokuhambisana nezinye iimeko zempilo yengqondo (umz. i-ADHD, ukuDakumba), umntwana angazuza kumayeza okulawula ezo meko.

Ngaba ukuphazamiseka kokuziphatha kunokuthintelwa?

Ngokwazi kwethu, akukho ndlela ithile yokuthintela `(Ukuphazamiseka Kwendlela Yokuziphatha)`. Oku kungenxa yokuba kubangelwa yindibaniselwano entsonkothileyo yezinto. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unyango luqaliswa kwangoko nje ukuba iimpawu zibonakale , uninzi lweengxaki ezinxulumene nalo zinokuncitshiswa. Ukufuna uncedo kwangethuba kunokunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kobomi bomntwana, usapho, kunye nobuhlobo bakhe.

Iyintoni ingqikelelo yengxaki yokuziphatha?

Ikamva lale meko lixhomekeke ekubeni iqale nini kwaye inyangwa na.

Ngokwesiqhelo, iindlela zokuziphatha eziphazamisayo ezinxulumene ne-Conduct Disorder ziyaphela xa umntu emdala. Nangona kunjalo, malunga nesinye kwisithathu samatyala, ezi ndlela zokuziphatha ziyaqhubeka. Uninzi lwala matyala luhlangabezana nemigangatho ye-Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD).

Ukuqala kwale meko ngaphambi kokuba umntu abe neminyaka eli-10 ubudala kunxulunyaniswa nokungaboni kakuhle. Kunxulunyaniswa kakhulu nokuphazamiseka okukhulu kwindlela aqhuba ngayo esikolweni.

Abanye abantwana kunye nabantu abaselula abane-Conduct Disorder banokuba nezinye iingxaki zempilo yengqondo. Imizekelo ibandakanya:

• Iingxaki zeemvakalelo okanye zokuxhalaba.
• Isifo seempawu ze-Somatic.
• Ingxaki yokusebenzisa utywala kunye/okanye ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi.
• Iingxaki zengqondo zabantu abadala.

Iimeko ezinje ngokudakumba kunye nesifo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuba yi-bipolar disorder zinokuvela ngexesha lokufikisa kunye nokuqala kokukhula.Ingcinga yokuzibulala inokuba yingxaki yezi meko. Ukuba umntwana wakho uthetha okanye usongela ngokuzibulala, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza.

Ndingamnyamekela njani umntwana wam onengxaki yokuziphatha?

Ukuba umntwana wakho "uneSiphazamiso Sokuziphatha," ukongeza ekufuneni uncedo lweengcali, nazi ezinye iindlela onokuzinceda ngazo wena nomntwana wakho:

• Funda malunga `(neNgxaki yoKuziphatha)` kwaye uhlale unolwazi malunga nophando lwamva nje malunga nonyango olusebenzayo.
• Thetha nomcebisi wezempilo yengqondo . Ukuba kunokwenzeka, fumana umntu oqeqeshwe ekuxilongeni nasekunyangeni i-Conduct Disorder.
• Hlola iindlela zonyango ezikhoyo. Unyango kufuneka lulungelelaniswe neemfuno zomntwana kwaye lugxile kusapho.
• Fumana iqela okanye umbutho wenkxaso yosapho kuluntu lwakho.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha malunga nengxaki yomntwana wam (i-Conduct Disorder)?

Ukuba umntwana wakho ufunyaniswe ukuba une-"Conduct Disorder" kwaye ukuziphatha kwakhe kuya kusiba mandundu, okanye kuphazamisana nobomi bosapho okanye umsebenzi wesikolo, thetha nogqirha wakhe wezempilo yengqondo.

Okubaluleke kakhulu: Ukuba umntwana wakho ubonakalisa ukuziphatha okuyingozi okunokulimaza yena, abanye, okanye izilwanyana, funa uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza.

Abantwana abangathobeliyo nabarhabaxa banokuba ngumceli mngeni omkhulu kubazali. Nangona kuqhelekile ukuba abantwana abancinci nabantwana abancinci ngamanye amaxesha babonise ukuziphatha okungathobeliyo, ukuziphatha okuqhubekayo, okuphazamisayo, nokurhabaxa kunokuba luphawu "lokungalungelelani kokuziphatha."

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqala unyango lwe-Conduct Disorder kwangethuba . Inyathelo lokuqala kunyango kukuthetha nogqirha okanye umcebisi wezempilo yengqondo . Musa ukoyika ukubuza ugqirha wakho imibuzo. Bakho ukukunceda.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

• Ukuphazamiseka kokuziphatha yindlela yokuziphatha enzulu ebonakala ebantwaneni nakubantu abakwishumi elivisayo. Le asiyonto ilula yokwenza ububi.
• Ukuba iimpawu ezinje ngokuba ndlongondlongo, ukwaphula umthetho, ukuqhatha, kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwempahla ziyaqhubeka , qiniseka ukuba ufuna iingcebiso zeengcali .
• Oku kubangelwa kukudibana kwezinto ezibangelwa yimfuza, izinto eziphilayo, kunye nezinto ezisingqongileyo.
• Ukuchongwa kwangoko kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo (ingakumbi unyango lwengqondo kunye noqeqesho lwabazali) kunokuzisa isiqabu esikhulu kumntwana nakusapho.
• Awuwedwa. Musa ukoyika ukucela uncedo. Ngenkxaso efanelekileyo, le meko ingalawuleka.

Ukuphazamiseka Kwendlela Yokuziphatha, Iingxaki Zokuziphatha Kwabantwana, Impilo Yengqondo, Ingqondo Yabantwana, Ingcebiso Yokukhulisa Abantwana, Abantwana Abanoburhalarhume, Iingxaki Zokuziphatha