Ngaba wakha waziva ngathi umntwana wakho uqala ukuthetha aze ngequbuliso anamathele kumagama, ephindaphinda oonobumba abafanayo? Ngamanye amaxesha oku kunokwenzeka nakubantu abadala. Oku sikubiza ngokuba 'kukugungqa'. Oku akuyonto ifanelekileyo ukuba neentloni ngako, sisifo sokuthetha esaziwayo kwezonyango. Ngoko ke ungakhathazeki, masithethe ngako ngokweenkcukacha.
Yintoni kanye kanye ukuthintitha?
Ngamafutshane, ukuthintitha kuxa sinengxaki yokuthetha, nto leyo ephazamisa ukuhamba kakuhle kwentetho yethu. Oku kunokuquka ukukhubeka ngamazwi, ukwenza izandi ezingafunekiyo, okanye ukuyeka phakathi kwencoko.
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziphambili zokuthintitha. Makhe sijonge ukuba zithini.
| Uhlobo lokuthintitha | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Ukuthintitha kophuhliso | Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo. Lubangelwa kukuphazamiseka kophuhliso lwemithambo-luvo okwenzeka ngexesha lophuhliso lwengqondo yomntwana. Ludla ngokuqala phakathi kweminyaka emi-2 ne-7 ubudala. |
| Ukuthintitha okungapheliyo okuqhubeka de kube mdala | Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuthintitha, okuqala ebuntwaneni, kuyaqhubeka de kube ngumntu omdala. |
| Ukuthintitha okufunyenweyo | Oku kubangelwa kukwenzakala kwengqondo (njengokwenzakala entloko) okanye imeko yempilo efana nestroke. Inokwenzeka nakweyiphi na iminyaka. |
Ngubani ochaphazeleka kakhulu yile meko?
Ukuthintitha kunokwenzeka nakubani na, kodwa izifundo zibonisa ukuba abafana banamathuba aphindwe kane okufumana esi sifo kunamantombazana .
Oku kunento yokwenza nobudala.
- Ukuthintitha kophuhlisoIhlala iqala xa isencinci. Ihlala iqala malunga neminyaka emi-3 ubudala. Kubantwana abangama-95%, iqala ngaphambi kokuba ifikelele kwiminyaka emi-4 ubudala.
- Ukuthintitha okufunyenweyo, uhlobo lokuthintitha okwenzeka kamva, kunokwenzeka nakweyiphi na iminyaka.
Ziziphi iimpawu eziphambili zokuthintitha?
Xa sithetha, izihlunu ezininzi ebusweni, emlonyeni, emqaleni, esifubeni, nasesiswini kufuneka zisebenzisane ngendlela efanelekileyo. Ukuthintitha kuxa ezi zihlunu zingalawuleki. Kukho iimpawu ezisi-7 eziphambili zokuqaphela oku.
| Uphawu | Oko ikukuthi... |
|---|---|
| Izandi eziphindaphindayo okanye oonobumba | Unobumba wokuqala okanye isilabhili yegama iyanamathela kwaye iphindaphindwe, njengokuthi "ma-ma-ma-ma" okanye "pa- |
| Ukubiza izandi | Isandi sika "s.......kola" sinamathele kunobumba omnye kwaye sitsalwe ngokungeyomfuneko. |
| Ukuma phakathi kwelizwi | Ukuma ngokungeyomfuneko phakathi kwelizwi ngelixa uthetha. |
| Ukuthintela intetho | Ukukhubeka xa uthetha, ngokungathi amagama awaphumi. Mhlawumbi uthule, okanye wenze izandi ezinje "um...". |
| Ukutshintsha amagama | Xa ubambeke kwigama, litsibe uze usebenzise igama elilula endaweni yalo. |
| Ukubeka amazwi phantsi ngokungeyomfuneko | Xa ubiza igama, uligxininise ngokungeyomfuneko, nokuba liyinxenye okanye liphelele. |
| Ukuphindaphinda kwamagama anoonobumba omnye | Ukuphindaphinda amagama amancinci anje ngo "Ndi", "ewe", kunye no "loo nto" njengo "Ndi-Ndi-Ndi". |
Ngaba zikho ezinye izinto ngaphandle kwezi?
Ewe. Ezinye izinto zinokwenzeka xa umntu engathintitha.
- Ukurhawuzelela kwezinye iindawo zomzimba: Xa izihlunu ezazisetyenziswa ukuthetha zirhawuzelela, zinokusasazeka zize zibangele ukuba izihlunu zobuso, intamo, nasemagxeni nazo ziqale ukurhawuzelela.
- Izenzo ezingaziyo: Xa uthintitha, ungancwina, ufinge iintshiya, okanye uqinise amanqindi akho ungaqondanga.
- Iimpembelelo zeemvakalelo: Ukuba udiniwe, wonwabile kakhulu okanye uchulumancile, okanye uphantsi koxinzelelo, ukuthintitha kunokwanda. Kuyancipha naxa uphumle.
- Ngamanye amaxesha akukho kuthintitha: Into emangalisayo kukuba, xa ucula iingoma, uthetha nezilwanyana, okanye ufunda incwadi ngokuvakalayo, uninzi lwexesha akukho kuthintitha.
- Impembelelo kwimpilo yengqondo: Le meko inokubangela iimvakalelo zokuba neentloni, ukukhungatheka, kunye nokwahlukaniswa. Ngenxa yoko, abanye abantu banamathuba amaninzi okuba neemeko zempilo yengqondo ezifana nokuxhalaba okanye ukudakumba.
Kutheni usithintitha ngolu hlobo? Zithini izizathu?
Nangona kungenakwenzeka ukutsho ngqo ukuba yintoni isizathu soku, iingcali zikholelwa ukuba zininzi izinto eziphambili ezinegalelo koku.
- Imbali yosapho: Ukuba umntu osondeleyo kuwe, njengomama wakho, utata, okanye umntakwenu, uyathintitha, amathuba akho okuthintitha aphindwe kathathu.
- Impembelelo yemfuza: Kufunyenwe ukuba utshintsho kwiimfuza ezithile (iinguqu ze-DNA) lunokuchaphazela oku.
- Utshintsho kwindlela obume ngayo ubuchopho: Abantu abathintithayo banokuba notshintsho oluncinci kwiindawo ezithile zobuchopho ezilawula intetho kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwemisipha.
Ugqirha uyixilonga njani le nto?
Ugqirha udla ngokuxilonga ukutyibilika ngokumamela wena (okanye umntwana wakho) nithetha, nibuza ngeempawu, nize nifumane iinkcukacha ezifana nokuba kwaqala nini. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukutyibilika ebantwaneni kuxilongwa ngugqirha wezingane xa abazali bexela oko.
Ukuthintitha kokukhula okuqala ebuntwaneni akudli ngokufuna uvavanyo olukhethekileyo ukuze kufunyaniswe ukuba umntwana unesifo.
Kuthekani ukuba ukuthintitha kwenzeka ngequbuliso xa umntu emdala? (Ukuthintitha okufunyenweyo)
Le yinto ekufuneka ixhalatyelwe. Ukuba umntu omdala ngequbuliso uqala ukuthintitha, oko kungaba luphawu lwenye imeko yobuchopho. Umzekelo, isenokuba kukuphazamiseka kokuthetha (i-aphasia), istroke, ukwenzakala kwengqondo okubuhlungu (i-TBI), okanye ithumba lobuchopho.
Kwimeko enjalo, ugqirha unokuyalela iimvavanyo ezifana nezi ukuze kufunyanwe unobangela:
- I-CT scan (i-computed tomography scans)
- Iiskeni zeMRI (iiskeni zeMagnetic resonance imaging)
- Iiskeni zePET (iiskeni zePositron emission tomography)
Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?
Unyango oluphambili nolusebenzayo lokuthintitha lunyango lokuthetha. Olu nyango lunceda abantwana ukunciphisa ukuthintitha kwabo baze ekugqibeleni baphiliswe ngokupheleleyo. Indlela yonyango ixhomekeke kuhlobo lokuthintitha, iimpawu zako, kunye nobunzima bako.
Amayeza awasoloko esetyenziselwa ukunyanga ngokuthe ngqo ukuxhuzula. Nangona kunjalo, ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza okunyanga iingxaki zempilo yengqondo, ezifana nokuxhalaba okanye ukudakumba, okubangelwa kukuxhuzula.
Ungamnceda njani umntwana ongakwaziyo ukuthetha njengomzali?
Ukuba umntwana wakho unale meko, zininzi izinto onokuzenza. Ezi ngcebiso ziya kuba zibaluleke kakhulu.
- Yiba ngumzekelo wakho: Yiba nguwe, thetha kancinci, kwaye ube ngumzekelo kumntwana wakho.
- Musa ukukhalimela ukutyibiliza: Ukwenza njalo kunokuyenza mandundu imeko yengqondo yomntwana, kunyuse intloni kunye noloyiko.
- Mphulaphule ngononophelo umntwana wakho: Mnike ingqalelo epheleleyo umntwana wakho xa ethetha. Musa ukungxama ukuphendula xa egqibile.
- Musa ukumphazamisa okanye ukuzama ukulungisa iimpazamo: Nika ingqalelo kwinto ayithethayo umntwana, hayi indlela ayithethayo ngayo. Musa ukuzama ukugqiba izivakalisi zakhe.
- Yakha ukuzithemba komntwana wakho: Ngaphandle kokuthetha, ncoma ezinye izinto umntwana wakho anobuchule kuzo (umz., ukuzoba, ukudlala).
- Chitha ixesha nomntwana wakho: Ukuchitha ixesha wedwa nomntwana wakho, kude nezinto ezifana neTV kunye neefowuni, kukhulisa ukuzithemba kwakhe.
- Cacisa ukuba oku akuyonto yokuyifihla: Vumela umntwana wakho athethe ngayo. Oku kuya kunceda ekunciphiseni umthwalo engqondweni yakhe.
- Soloko ubonisa inkxaso yakho: Mxelele umntwana wakho ngokungqongqo ukuba ukuthintitha akumnciphisi ixabiso lakhe.
Kunini apho kufuneka ubone ugqirha ngokukhawuleza?
Ukuba umntwana wakho ubonakalisa iimpawu zokuthintitha, kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha wabantwana bakho. Okukhona unyango luqala ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona iziphumo ziba ngcono.
Kodwa, kufuneka ulumke kakhulu ngento enye.
Ukuba umntu omdala ngequbuliso uqala ukuthintitha aze abe nezinye iimpawu zestroke (umzekelo, ukugoba kwelinye icala lobuso, ukungaziva kakuhle kwengalo, nolunye ubunzima bokuthetha), mse kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele ngaphandle kokulibazisa.
Ukuthintitha akuyonto yokuba neentloni okanye uzive uneentloni ngayo. Yimeko yezonyango. Kwanabanye abantu abadumileyo nabaphumeleleyo emhlabeni baye bayifumana. Ngonyango olufanelekileyo kunye nenkxaso yothando, nabani na angayilawula kakuhle le meko aze athethe nehlabathi ngokuzithemba.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukuthintitha akusisifo sokuba neentloni ngaso, sisifo sokuthetha esinyangekayo.
- Kubantwana abaninzi, le meko iyaphucuka ngokungazinzanga ngokuhamba kwexesha. Unyango lokuthetha lunokuba luncedo kakhulu.
- Njengabazali, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxhasa umntwana wenu, nimamele ngomonde, kwaye nizakhele ukuzithemba.
- Ukuba umntu omdala ngequbuliso uqala ukuthintitha, oko kungaba luphawu lwemeko enzima, efana nesifo sohlangothi. Ngoko ke, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.
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