Ngaba kukho ingxaki kwi-cornea yakho? Masifunde nge-corneal dystrophy!

Ngaba amehlo akho aziva efiphele? Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha unengxaki yokujonga ukukhanya? Okanye uhlala uziva ngathi kukho into engalunganga emehlweni akho? Ezi ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba ziimpawu zemeko enxulumene ne-cornea yeliso. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngenye yemeko enjalo, "i-Corneal Dystrophy". Ungakhathazeki, siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni iCorneal Dystrophy?

Ngamafutshane, i-corneal dystrophy ligama eliqhelekileyo leqela leemeko ezichaphazela i-cornea , inxalenye ecacileyo yeliso lakho. Kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-20 zezifo phantsi kolu didi. Ezi ntlobo ze-dystrophy zinokubangela utshintsho okanye umonakalo kwizicubu ze-cornea. Kufana nokuba namabala amancinci okanye imicu kwiglasi ecacileyo ongenakuyibona kakuhle xa uyijonga . Ukuba lo monakalo uba mkhulu, unokuba notshintsho ekuboneni kwakho kwaye ulahlekelwe nayimbono.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ezi corneal dystrophies ziimeko zemfuza . Oko kukuthi, zibangelwa lutshintsho kwi -DNA yethu. Ezinye iinguqu onokuzifumana kubazali bakho. Ezinye zinokwenzeka ngokungalindelekanga, ngokuzenzekelayo. Ezinye iintlobo zesifo zenzeka ngezizathu ezingakaziqondi ngokupheleleyo iingcali.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo ze-corneal dystrophy?

Ewe, zahlulwe ngokwendlela ezichaphazela ngayo iileya ezahlukeneyo ze-cornea. Ngokuyintloko ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Ezo zichaphazela iileya zangaphandle ze-cornea (epithelial kunye ne-subepithelial).
• Ezo zichaphazela iileya zangaphandle neziphakathi ze-cornea (Epithelial-stromal).
• Ezo zichaphazela umaleko ophakathi we-cornea (Stromal).
• Ezo zichaphazela umaleko ongaphakathi we-cornea (endothelial).

Ngoku makhe sijonge nganye kwezi ntlobo ngeenkcukacha ezithe vetshe.

I-Epithelial kunye ne-subepithelial corneal dystrophies

Ezi zizifo ezichaphazela iileya eziphezulu ze-cornea. Eminye imizekelo yile:

• I-Epithelial basement membrane dystrophy
• I-Epithelial recurrent erosion dystrophies (kukwakho neentlobo ezintathu)
• I-Gelatinous drop-like dystrophy
• I-Lisch epithelial dystrophy
• I-Meesmann dystrophy
• I-Subepithelial mucinous dystrophy

Uninzi lwezi dystrophies luvela ebuntwaneni . Nangona kunjalo, i-epithelial basement membrane dystrophy idla ngokuvela (nangona ingabi njalo) xa umntu emdala. Enye yi -gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy.Oku kunokwenzeka nakweyiphi na iminyaka ngaphambi kokuba ufikelele kwiminyaka engama-20.

I-Epithelial-stromal dystrophies

Ezi zichaphazela zombini umaleko ongaphandle we-cornea kunye nomaleko ophakathi ongaphantsi kwayo.

• I-granular cornea dystrophy (iintlobo 1 kunye ne-2)
• I-Lattice corneal dystrophy (le ikwanazo nezinye iintlobo ezahlukeneyo)
• Isifo sikaReis-Bückler
• I-Thiel-Behnke dystrophy

Zonke ezi meko zinokwenzeka kakhulu ebuntwaneni . Uhlobo 1 lwe-Lattice corneal dystrophy lunokwenzeka xa umntu eneminyaka engama-20 ubudala.

I-Stromal dystrophies

Ezi zichaphazela kakhulu umaleko ophakathi, otyebileyo we-cornea.

• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-macular dystrophy
• I-Schneider crystalline dystrophy
• I-Congenital inheritance stromal dystrophy
• I-Fleck dystrophy
• I-Posterior amorphous dystrophy
• I-Pre-Descemet dystrophy
• I-Central cloudy dystrophy kaFrançois

I-Stromal dystrophy idla ngokuchaphazela abantwana . Nangona kunjalo, ezimbini kwezi zinokukhula njengoko ukhula. I-Schneider corneal dystrophy inokuvela xa uneminyaka engama-30 ubudala, kwaye i-pre-Descemet corneal dystrophy idla ngokukhula emva kweminyaka engama-30 ubudala.

I-Endothelial corneal dystrophies

Ezi zizifo ezichaphazela umaleko obuthathaka kakhulu ngaphakathi kwi-cornea.

• I-Fuchs endothelial dystrophy
• I-Posterior polymorphous dystrophy
• I-Congenital inheritance endothelial dystrophy
• I-X-linked endothelial dystrophy

Kuzo zonke izifo ze-corneal dystrophy, i-Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy yeyona ixhaphakileyo , ibandakanya i-39% yazo zonke izifo zokufakelwa kwe-cornea ezenziwa eMelika.

Ziziphi iimpawu ze-corneal dystrophy?

Iimpawu ze-corneal dystrophy ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo oluthile onalo. Abanye abantu basenokungabi nazo kwaphela iimpawu . Xa iimpawu zibonakala, zihlala zichaphazela amehlo omabini kwaye ziyanda kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Khawuthelekelele ukuba i-cornea yakho ifana neqhekeza leglasi elimile ngokugqibeleleyo, elicacileyo, nelingenasiphako. Kodwa i-cornea dystrophy inokuyitshintsha loo nto. Kwiimeko ezininzi, izicubu ezintsha ziyakhula kwi-cornea, okanye ziyaqokelelana kwiindawo apho zingafanele zikhule khona. Emva koko, endaweni yokujonga ngeglasi ecacileyo, kufana nokujonga ngeglasi endala, enesiphako, neqhumayo. Kunzima ukubona ngaloo nto, akunjalo?

Ngokufanayo, ukwakheka okanye ukuqokelelana kwezicubu ezintsha kwenza kube nzima ukubona ngaphaya kweengqimba ze-cornea ezichaphazelekayo. Yiyo loo nto umbono ofipheleyo okanye onenkungu uxhaphakile kubantu abane-corneal dystrophy.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zezi:

• Ukulahlekelwa bubukhali bokubona: Oku kwenzeka xa umphezulu we-cornea ujikajika okanye ungapholi kakuhle. Oku kuthetha ukuba umbono wakho awucaci kakuhle nokuba unxibe iiglasi okanye iilensi zoqhagamshelwano.
• Ulusu lwe-cornea: Oku kungenza umbono wakho ubonakale unamafu. Oku kudla ngokuba yimpembelelo eseleyo yomonakalo okanye utshintsho kwi-cornea.
• Imvakalelo yomzimba wangaphandle: Kuvakala ngathi kukho into ebambeke elisweni , kodwa xa ujonga, awufumani nto.
• Intlungu yamehlo okanye ukurhawuzelelwa liliso: Ezi mpawu zinokubonakala ngakumbi xa uvuka emva kokuba uvalelwe ixesha elide, umzekelo xa uvuka kusasa.
• Uvakalelo lokukhanya (Photophobia): Oku kuthetha ukuba ukukhanya okukhanyayo kuba nzima ukukunyamezela kwaye kunokubangela ukungonwabi okanye iintlungu.
• Amehlo anamanzi (i-Epiphora): Ukuba amehlo akho aziva omile, oku kusenokuba kungenxa yokuba inkqubo yakho yokukrazula izama ukuvelisa ezinye iinyembezi ukuze ibuyisele umva.
• I-Nystagmus: Iintshukumo zamehlo ezikhawulezayo ezingalawulekiyo ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye okanye ngentshukumo ejikelezayo.

Yintoni ebangela i-corneal dystrophy?

Ngayinye kwezi ndlela zahlukeneyo ze-corneal dystrophy inxulunyaniswa nezinto zemfuza . Ezi zinokuba lutshintsho "oluvela ngokungaqhelekanga emzimbeni wakho) okanye zinokufunyanwa njengelifa komnye wabazali bakho okanye bobabini.

Ezinye iinguqulelo ezizuzwe njengelifa zifuna ikopi enye kuphela yejini evela kumzali omnye. Ezinye iinguqulelo zifuna iikopi ezimbini zejini eguquliweyo, enye evela kumzali ngamnye. Kwakhona, kusekho iintlobo ezithile ze-corneal dystrophy, kwaye uphando olongezelelweyo luyafuneka ukuze kufunyanwe ukuba zeziphi iinguqulelo ezithile zejini ezibangela ezo nguqu.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuba nale meko?

Uninzi lwe-corneal dystrophy aluchaphazeli abantu ngokwahlukileyo ngokohlanga okanye isini. Okukuphela kwento eyahlukileyo yi -Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy.Kukho izinto ezininzi ezibangela umngcipheko:

• Uhlanga: Abantu abamhlophe banamathuba amaninzi okuluphuhlisa.
• Ubudala: Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-30 ubudala banamathuba amaninzi okuba nayo.
• Isini: Abafazi banamathuba amaninzi okuba nayo.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ngenxa ye-corneal dystrophy?

Ezi meko, eziwela phantsi kwesambulela se-cornea dystrophy, zichaphazela indlela ukukhanya okudlula ngayo kwi-cornea yakho. Ngenxa yoko, ukucaca kwe-cornea yakho kuncipha, kuphazamise ukukhanya okudlula kuyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-cornea dystrophy inokubangela ukulahleka okukhulu kokubona , kodwa ayikhokeleli ekubeni yimfama ngokupheleleyo .

Nangona kunjalo, ukulahleka okukhulu kokubona kunokuba yingxaki enkulu. Kunokuchaphazela amandla akho okuqhuba, ukufunda, kunye nokwenza imisebenzi emininzi yemihla ngemihla.

Ifunyanwa njani i-corneal dystrophy?

Ingcali yamehlo, nokuba yingcali yamehlo okanye ingcali yamehlo, inokuxilonga i-corneal dystrophy. Basebenzisa izixhobo kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokwenza oko. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuhlolwa kwamehlo , ingakumbi uvavanyo lwe-slit lamp . Uvavanyo lwe-slit lamp lubandakanya ukujonga ngaphakathi kweliso lakho nge-microscope ekhethekileyo. Oku kuvumela oogqirha ukuba babone naluphi na utshintsho okanye umonakalo onokunxulunyaniswa ne-corneal dystrophy.

Ezinye iimvavanyo onokuzisebenzisa yingcali yamehlo ziquka:

• I-Corneal topography: Oku kudala "imephu" yomphezulu we-cornea yakho. Ibonisa ukuba kukho iindawo zomphezulu we-cornea eziphakamileyo okanye ezingaphantsi kuneendawo ezingqongileyo.
• I-Pachymetry: Oku kulinganisa ubukhulu be-cornea yakho. Oku kunokunceda ekuchongeni iingxaki kwiindawo ezinzulu ze-cornea (ezifana ne-endothelial dystrophy).
• Uvavanyo lwemfuza: Oku kudla ngokubandakanya ukuthatha isampuli yamathe okanye igazi lakho kunye nokukhangela utshintsho oluthile kwi-DNA . Oku kunokunceda ukuqinisekisa uhlobo oluthile lwe-corneal dystrophy onayo.
• I-Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): Nangona oku kudla ngokusetyenziswa ukujonga i-retina yakho, olu vavanyo lunokubonelela nge-scan exabisekileyo ye-cornea yakho. Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi xa ucwangcisa unyango oluthile lwe-cornea.
• I-biopsy ye-corneal: Ingcali yamehlo ingathatha isampuli encinci yezicubu kwi-cornea yakho ize iyithumele kwilebhu ukuze ivavanywe. Ingcali yezifo iya kuhlalutya isampuli ukuze ifumanise ukuba unayo na i-cornea dystrophy kwaye, ukuba kunjalo, uhlobo luni. Olu vavanyo aluqhelekanga kakhulu kwi-cornea dystrophy, kodwa lunokunceda ekuxilongweni.

Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zakho kunye nezinye izinto, kunokwenziwa olunye uvavanyo. Ingcali yakho yamehlo ingakuxelela okungakumbi ngezinye iimvavanyo enokuzicebisa.

Iphathwa njani i-cornea dystrophy?

Zininzi iindlela zokunyanga i-corneal dystrophy. Unyango luxhomekeke kumaleko we-cornea echaphazelekayo kunye nobunzima bemeko.

Ngenxa yokuba iindlela zonyango zingahluka, ugqirha wakho wamehlo ngoyena mthombo ulungileyo wolwazi malunga neendlela zakho zonyango. Banokukuchazela iinkcukacha zeendlela zonyango, iingxaki ezinokubakho, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, kunye nezinye iinkcukacha kuwe.

Nazi ezinye zeendlela eziphambili zonyango:

Unyango lwezihloko

Ezi zigxile ekunyangeni iimpawu kunye nemiphumo kumphezulu we-cornea yakho. Imizekelo:

• Amaconsi okanye amafutha okugcoba amehlo anonyango: La mayeza anokunyanga iimpawu ezifana nentlungu, ukuziva into ethile esweni, kunye nokoma.
• Ii-antibiotics: Ezi zinokunceda ukuthintela usulelo ukuba i-cornea yakho yonakele kwaye isengozini yokuhlaselwa ziintsholongwane.
• Iilensi zoqhagamshelwano ezikhethekileyo: Njengeelensi zoqhagamshelwano eziqhelekileyo, ezi zinxitywa kumphezulu we-cornea. Umahluko ophambili kukuba zinceda i-cornea yakho iphiliswe kwaye ithintele umonakalo ongakumbi.

Utyando lwe-Phototherapy keratectomy (PTK)

Unyango lwe-phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) lubandakanya ukususa iindawo ze-cornea kusetyenziswa umqadi we-laser olungiswe kakuhle. Ingcali yamehlo yakho inokujolisa kwaye isuse iindawo ezonakeleyo ngokuchanekileyo.

Ukufakelwa kwe-cornea

Kwimeko apho utshintsho okanye umonakalo kwi-cornea yakho unzima ngokwaneleyo ukuba ungachaphazela umbono wakho, ukufakelwa i-cornea kunokuba lukhetho. Olu tyando lubandakanya ukutshintsha izicubu zakho ze-cornea ngezicubu ezintsha ezivela kumntu oswelekileyo. Oku kungaba kukufakelwa okupheleleyo okanye okungaphelelanga.

Yintoni onokuyilindela ukuba une-corneal dystrophy?

Ukuba une-corneal dystrophy, into onokuyilindela inokwahluka kancinci. Uninzi lwabantu lufunyaniswa lunenye yezi meko, ngesiqhelo ngaphambi kokuba lufikelele kwiminyaka engama-20.

I-Corneal dystrophy idla ngokuba yimeko eqhubekayo . Oku kuthetha ukuba iziphumo zayo ziyanda kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha - ngesiqhelo emva kweminyaka, ngamanye amaxesha kwanamashumi eminyaka. Abanye abantu abanazo iimpawu ekuqaleni, ngoko ke basenokungazi nokuba banenye yezi meko kangangeminyaka. Abanye abantu abakaze babe nazo naziphi na iimpawu okanye iingxaki kwaphela.

Ngenxa yokuba zininzi izinto ezahlukeneyo onokuzifumana, kungcono ukubuza ugqirha wakho wamehlo malunga nento omawuyilindele. Bangakuxelela into enokuba yeyona ifanelekileyo kuwe.

Ihlala ixesha elingakanani i-corneal dystrophy?

I-Corneal dystrophies ziimeko zobomi bonke . Uzalwa nazo. Ukufakelwa kwe-cornea "kunokuphelisa" ezi meko, kodwa oko akuqinisekisi. Abantu abaninzi abafakelwe i-cornea ekugqibeleni baya kuba nesifo kwi-cornea efakelwe i-cornea. Ukuba oko kuyenzeka, unyango olongezelelweyo - nokuba kukufakelwa kwe-cornea yesibini - lunokufuneka.

Iyintoni ikamva lale meko?

I-Corneal dystrophy idla ngokubangela ukulahleka kombono ngandlela ithile, kodwa kunqabile kakhulu ukuba loo kulahleka kombono kuqhubekele ekubeni yimfama ngokupheleleyo (imeko apho ungakwazi nokubona ukukhanya).

Ukuba utyando lwe-cornea, uya kujongana neengozi ezifanayo nezabanye abantu abatyando. Kuya kufuneka uthathe amayeza okunciphisa umzimba ubomi bakho bonke ukuthintela amasosha omzimba wakho ekuhlaseleni izicwili ezityandoweyo. Kwakhona, nokuba kukho unyango olunciphisa umzimba, ukungamkeleki kunokwenzeka.

Ngenxa yokuba zininzi izinto ezitshintshatshintshayo ezinokuchaphazela indlela ojonga ngayo izinto, umntu ofanelekileyo onokumbuza ngemeko yakho ngugqirha wamehlo. Banokukunika ulwazi oluphathelele imeko yakho.

Ngaba i-corneal dystrophy ingathintelwa?

I-corneal dystrophies ziimeko zemfuza , oko kuthetha ukuba akukho ndlela yokuzithintela okanye yokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuzifumana.

Ukuba ndine-corneal dystrophy, ndingazinyamekela njani?

Ukuba une-corneal dystrophy, kufuneka ubonane nogqirha wakho wamehlo rhoqo, njengoko kucetyiswa. Banokujonga imeko yakho, bajonge utshintsho kwizicubu zakho zamehlo, kunye nazo naziphi na iimpawu ozifumanayo. Banokulungisa nokuhlaziya isicwangciso sakho sonyango ukuze sihlale sisebenza ixesha elide kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Ukuba ingcali yamehlo yakho ikunike amayeza emehlweni akho, kufuneka uwasebenzise njengoko uyalelwe . Amayeza anokunceda ukunciphisa iimpawu zezi meko okanye anciphise utshintsho okanye umonakalo kwizicubu.

Ingakumbi ukuba ukhe wafakelwa i-cornea, kubaluleke kakhulu ukusela amayeza akho ngendlela echazwe ngugqirha. Ukwenza njalo kuya kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba umzimba wakho awuwalahli amaqhekeza afakelweyo. Oku kunokunceda ekuthinteleni iingxaki ezinkulu kwanokulahlekelwa yimbono ngokusisigxina.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha wamehlo?

Uza kuba notyelelo lokulandelela rhoqo ngokwexesha elicwangcisiweyo.Kufuneka ubone ingcali yamehlo ukuze ubone oku. Kwakhona, ukuba ubona naziphi na iimpawu okanye utshintsho ekuboneni kwakho, okanye ukuba unyango lubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga okanye lubonakala lungasebenzi kakuhle, kufuneka uthethe nabo ngalo mba. Baza kuzama ukukunceda ufumane izisombululo kwiingxaki ojongene nazo.

Yeyiphi imibuzo endifanele ndiyibuze ugqirha wamehlo?

Ungabuza ugqirha wakho wamehlo le mibuzo:

• Luhlobo luni lwe-corneal dystrophy endinalo?
• Loluphi unyango (iindlela) olucebisayo?
• Ngaba kukho naziphi na iimpawu ezifuna unyango olungxamisekileyo?
• Iyintoni ingqikelelo yexesha elide yemeko yam?
• Ngaba kukho into endinokuyenza ukuphucula indlela endijonga ngayo izinto?

Okokugqibela, yintoni ekufuneka uyikhumbule

I-Corneal dystrophies zizifo zamehlo ezibonakala rhoqo xa usemncinci . Ukuba uziva uxinezelekile xa uzama ukuqonda ezi zifo, awuwedwa. Kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwamashumi amabini ezahlukeneyo ze-corneal dystrophies. Iziphumo zezi zifo nazo zinokuhluka kakhulu.

Kodwa akufuneki uzame ukuqonda okanye ukulawula i-corneal dystrophy ngokwakho. Ugqirha wakho wamehlo angakunceda uqonde imeko yakho ethile, iziphumo zayo, kunye nendlela yokuyinyanga. Kwaye, ngeendlela ezininzi zonyango, unethuba elingcono lokulawula imeko yakho kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo yayo ebomini bakho. Musa ukoyika, hlala uqinile, kwaye ulandele icebiso likagqirha wakho.

I- Corneal Dystrophy, i-cornea yeliso, izifo zamehlo ezibangelwa lufuzo, umbono ofipheleyo, unyango lwamehlo, ukufakelwa kwe-cornea, impilo yamehlo