Kwenzeka ntoni kwinkumbulo yakho? Masifunde ngeCreutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)?

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha ukhe ucinge, "Owu, nam ndilibele oku!"? Ukulibala izinto ezincinci kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ukudideka kunokuba yinto eqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, izinto ezifana nokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo kancinci kancinci kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha nazo zinokuba ziimpawu zesifo esibi. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesifo esingaqhelekanga, kodwa esibi kakhulu, esichaphazela ingqondo. Esi sisifo seCreutzfeldt-Jakob, okanye i-CJD njengoko sisibiza ngokufutshane.

Yintoni le CJD? Ngamafutshane...

Cinga ngayo, ingqondo yethu ngumatshini ontsonkothileyo kakhulu. Ukuze lo matshini usebenze kakuhle, amalungu awo amancinci, abizwa ngokuba ziiseli, kufuneka abe sempilweni. I-CJD sisifo esingaqhelekanga nesinzima esitshabalalisa iiseli zethu zengqondo kancinci kancinci. Isizathu esiphambili soku luhlobo olungaqhelekanga lweproteni ebizwa ngokuba yi-"prions" .

Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza ukuba ziintoni ezi 'prions'. Emizimbeni yethu, ingakumbi engqondweni, kukho izinto ezibizwa ngokuba ziiproteni. Ezi zifana noomatshini abancinci, zinesimo esithile, kwaye kuphela xa zikwisimo eso apho zinokwenza umsebenzi wazo ngokufanelekileyo. Cinga ngayo njenge-origami. Ukuba uyisonga ngokuchanekileyo, ungenza isilwanyana okanye intyatyambo entle. Kodwa ukuba uyisonga ngokuchanekileyo? Ayisebenzi. Yileyo ndlela ezi proteni ezisongwa ngayo. Ngamanye amaxesha ezi proteni zisongwa ngokuchanekileyo. Sizibiza ngokuba ziiproteni ezisongiweyo ngendlela engafanelekanga ngokuthi 'ziiprions'.

Ezi 'prions' zigobileyo ziqala ukuqokelelana ngaphakathi kwiiseli zobuchopho. Ziqokelelana zize zitshabalalise ezo seli. Kufana nenqwaba yenkunkuma eqokelelana yonke imihla. Yiyo loo nto izigulane ze-CJD ziba neempawu ze- dementia , ezinje ngokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo kunye nokudideka. Zinokufumana utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha kunye nobunzima bokuhamba.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba i-CJD isoloko ibulala. Okwangoku, akukho ndlela yokunyanga, kwaye akukho ndlela yokucothisa ukusasazeka kwesi sifo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho unyango kunye neendlela zokunyamekela ezinceda isigulana siphile ubomi obutofotofo ngakumbi kwaye sinciphise iintlungu.

Esi sisifo esingaqhelekanga. Kwihlabathi liphela, esi sifo sivela kubantu abamalunga nomntu omnye ukuya kwabababini kwisigidi ngonyaka. Kwanakwilizwe elifana ne-United States, zimalunga nama-350 kuphela iimeko ze-CJD ezixelwayo minyaka le.

Kukho uhlobo olunye lwale nto olubizwa ngokuba yi -``variant CJD``` (okanye ``vCJD```) . Kwakhona ayiqhelekanga kakhulu. Ibangelwa kukutya inyama yenkomo enesifo i -``bovine spongiform encephalopathy`` (BSE), esisifo esichaphazela iinkomo.

Zithini iimpawu ze-CJD? Masiyijonge kwasekuqaleni.

Iimpawu ze-CJD zihlala zibonakala kancinci kancinci. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko isifo siqhubeka, ezi mpawu zinokwanda ngokukhawuleza. Makhe sijonge iimpawu eziphambili, ukususela kumanqanaba okuqala esi sifo ukuya kumanqanaba okugqibela:

• Iingxaki zokulibala kunye nenkumbulo:Kuqala ngokulibala izinto ezincinci. Izinto ezifana negama lomhlobo, isitalato, okanye umsebenzi obuwenza. Kancinci kancinci, oku kuya kusiba mandundu.
• Ukudideka nokudideka: Awukhumbuli ukuba ukuphi, lixesha lini, okanye ngubani okhoyo.
• Utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha nobuntu: Usenokungabi ngulo mntu wawunguye ngaphambili. Usenokucaphuka lula, uzive ulusizi, okanye uphelelwe yimvakalelo.
• Iingxaki zokubona, ubunzima bokuqonda into oyibonayo: Amehlo akho aba buthathaka, kwaye awukwazi ukuyiqonda into oyibonayo.
• Ukuphupha okanye ukuphupha izinto ezingekhoyo: Ukubona okanye ukuva izinto ezingekhoyo, okanye ukuba neenkolelo zobuxoki zokuba umntu uzama ukukulimaza.
• Iingxaki zokulungelelanisa (ataxia): Usenokungakwazi ukuhamba kakuhle, ube nobunzima bokulawula amalungu akho, kwaye unokushukuma njengomntu onxilileyo.
• Iingxaki ngokulinganisela komzimba: Ukuwa xa umi okanye uhamba.
• Ukuxinana kwemisipha okungalawulekiyo (`myoclonus`) kunye nokuqina kwemisipha (`dystonia`): Ukuxhuzula ngequbuliso ingalo okanye umlenze, okanye ukuziva uxinezelekile kwimisipha yomzimba.
• Ukuxhuzula: Kunokwenzeka xa umntu exhuzula.
• Ukukhubazeka: Iindawo zomzimba ziyakhubazeka.
• Ukuwohloka kwemisipha: Ubunzima bemisipha yomzimba buyaphela.

Ezi mpawu zinokuvela nganye nganye, okanye zivele ezininzi kunye. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukubona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu.

Yintoni ebangela i-CJD? Masikhumbule loo 'ma-prion' kwakhona

Njengoko besikhe sathetha ngaphambili, unobangela oyintloko we-CJD ziiproteni ezigobileyo ezibizwa ngokuba yi-"prions." Eyona nto iyingozi ngezi "prions" kukuba zinokugoba kwaneeproteni eziqhelekileyo nezisempilweni. Njengokuba iapile elinye elibi linokwenza zonke ezinye iiapile zonakale.

Iiseli zobuchopho azikwazi ukuzisusa ezi 'prions' zigobileyo. Ngoko ke ziyaqokelelana, ekugqibeleni zitshabalalise iiseli zobuchopho. Njengoko ezi 'prions' zisasazeka kuyo yonke ingqondo, isifo siqhubeka ngokukhawuleza kakhulu.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-CJD?

Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziphambili ze-CJD:

• I-CJD engaqhelekanga: Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwe-CJD. Isizathu esichanekileyo asikaziwa. Sivela ngequbuliso, ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo.
• I-Genetic CJD: Oku kuzuzwe njengelifa. Kubangelwa yi-gene enesiphene ezuzwe njengelifa kumzali omnye okanye bobabini. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zale nto: I-Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker (GSS) syndrome kunye ne -fatal familial insomnia . Ezi zinzima kancinci, kodwa ziimeko ezithile kakhulu.
• I-CJD efunyenweyo (`i-CJD efunyenweyo`):Oku kunokwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu zangaphandle. Umzekelo, kunokwenzeka ngokufakelwa amalungu omzimba kumntu one-CJD, ukufakelwa izicubu zomzimba, okanye ukusebenzisa izixhobo zotyando ezingcolisiweyo. Kodwa oku kunqabile kakhulu. Kule mihla, kukho inkxalabo enkulu ngale nto.
• Uhlobo lwe-CJD (vCJD): Sikhe sathetha ngale nto ngaphambili. Ibangelwa kukutya inyama yenkomo eyosulelwe sisifo seenkomo ezimanyumnyezi (BSE). Iiprion ezibangela i-BSE zinokosulela abantu kunye nezinye izilwanyana.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokufumana i-CJD?

Nabani na angafumana i-CJD. Ngamanye amaxesha, 'ii-prions' emzimbeni wakho zinokubakho iminyaka emininzi ngaphandle kokubonisa zimpawu. Kodwa xa iimpawu zibonakala, esi sifo sinokukhawuleza sibe nzima njengoko ingqondo yonakele.

Esi sifo sidla ngokuchaphazela abantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-50 ukuya kwengama-80. Nangona kunjalo, uhlobo lwe-CJD yemfuza ludla ngokubonakala phakathi kweminyaka engama-30 ukuya kwengama-50.

Ngaba i-CJD sisifo esosulelayo?

Le yingxaki kubantu abaninzi. I-CJD ayisasazeki ngokunxibelelana nje okungacwangciswanga, njengokuxhawulana ngezandla, ukuthetha, okanye ukutya kunye. Indlela ekuphela kwayo i-CJD enokusasazeka ngayo ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye kukufakelwa ilungu okanye izicubu ezivela kumntu one-CJD, okanye ngokusebenzisa iihomoni ezithile ezivela kumntu okhe waba nayo.

Bathi uhlobo olubizwa ngokuba yi-'vCJD' lunokudluliselwa ngokutofelwa igazi, kodwa oko kunqabile kakhulu. Isifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-'vCJD' ngokwaso sinqabile kakhulu.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani i-CJD?

Ugqirha uxilonga i-CJD ngokuvavanya ngononophelo iimpawu zakho. Ukongeza kuvavanyo lomzimba, baya kwenza novavanyo lwemithambo-luvo. Baza kukucela ukuba wenze imisebenzi elula ukuzama ukuchonga iingxaki ekusebenzeni kwengqondo yakho.

Iingcali zibeka i-CJD 'njenge -spongiform encephalopathy edluliselwayo' . Nangona eli gama lisenokuvakala liyinkimbinkimbi, libhekisa kwindlela ingqondo eyonakaliswe yi-'prions' ebonakala ngayo phantsi kwe-microscope. Oko kukuthi, ifana nesiponji esinamaqhubu.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kwe-CJD, kwenziwa iimvavanyo ezifana ne -MRI scan okanye i-spinal tap (i-lumbar puncture).

Ukongeza, oogqirha banokusebenzisa iimvavanyo ezifana nezi ukuze bahlule ezinye iimeko ezineempawu ezifanayo neze-CJD kwaye baphande ngakumbi nge-CJD:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi
• Uvavanyo lwemfuza - ingakumbi ukubona ukuba uhlobo oluthile lufuzo
• I-electroencephalogram (EEG)
• Uhlalutyo lomchamo
• I-biopsy yobuchopho - Oku kwenziwa rhoqo, kuphela xa zonke ezinye iimvavanyo zingaphumeleli ukunika uxilongo oluchanekileyo.

Ngaba kukho unyango lwe-CJD?

Ngelishwa, akukho nyango, unyango, okanye unyango lwe-CJD. Into ekuphela kwayo oogqirha abanokuyenza kukuncedisa ekunciphiseni iimpawu. Oku kubizwa ngokuba lunyango lokuthomalalisa .

Umzekelo, amayeza anokunikwa ukunyanga ukuxhuzula, utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha, okanye ukuxhuzula kwemisipha okungalawulekiyo. Nangona kunjalo, iingenelo zale ndlela yonyango zilinganiselwe.

Le meko inokuba mandundu ngokukhawuleza. Ngenxa yoko, iindlela zokunyamekela wena kunye nabantu obathandayo zibaluleke kakhulu. Kwinqanaba lokugqibela lesi sifo, iinkonzo ze-hospice zinokuba luncedo kakhulu.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba uyafaneleka, iqela lakho lezonyango linokucebisa ukuba uthathe inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi oluphanda unyango olutsha.

Luhlobo luni lwekamva umntu one-CJD anokulilindela?

Ngenxa yokuba i-CJD ayinyangeki kwaye ayinanyango, imeko yomntu onesifo ayintle kakhulu. Xa iimpawu ziqala, akuthathi xesha lide ngaphambi kokuba amandla okusebenza ngokuzimeleyo, ukuhambahamba, nokuthetha aphele.

Ngenxa yokuba utshintsho lunokwenzeka ngokukhawuleza, kubalulekile ukusebenzisana neqela lakho lezonyango ukuze ucwangcise kwangaphambili ukuqinisekisa ukuba iminqweno yakho kunye neemfuno zakho ziyafezekiswa. Enyanisweni, nokuba unesifo okanye akunjalo, licebo elihle ukuba wonke umntu abe nemiyalelo kwangaphambili . Oku kuthetha ukuba ubhale phantsi kwangaphambili ukuba loluphi unyango olufunayo ukuba awukwazi ukunxibelelana neminqweno yakho. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba esi sicwangciso sibe sesikhundleni kwangethuba kwisifo esisasazeka ngokukhawuleza njenge-CJD.

Ngenxa yokuba le meko imbi kangakanani, kulungile ukufuna iingcebiso kwingcali yezempilo yengqondo ukuze ikuncede wena nosapho lwakho nikwazi ukumelana nolu tshintsho nize nihlale niqinile engqondweni.

Ingakanani iminyaka yobomi bomntu one-CJD?

Uninzi lwezigulane ze-CJD ziyafa kwiinyanga ezimbalwa okanye unyaka emva kokufunyaniswa ukuba zine-CJD. Okukuphela kwendlela eyahlukileyo ngayo yi-genetic form ye-CJD, apho abantu banokuphila ukusuka kunyaka omnye ukuya kwelishumi emva kokuqala kweempawu.

Ugqirha wakho angakunika ulwazi oluthile noluhlaziyiweyo malunga nemeko yakho. Khumbula, izibalo azichaphazeli wonke umntu ngendlela efanayo.

Ngaba i-CJD ingathintelwa?

Uninzi lweentlobo ze-CJD azinakuthintelwa. Uhlobo olukhethekileyo kuphela luhlobo olubizwa ngokuba yi-'vCJD'. Luvela ekutyeni inyama yenkomo eyosulelwe yi-'BSE' (isifo seenkomo eziphambeneyo).

Uvavanyo lwezilwanyana lunceda ekuthinteleni iinkomo ezine-BSE ukuba zingangeni kuluhlu lokutya. Nangona kunjalo, inyama engavavanywanga nengalungiswanga kakuhle isenokubangela ingozi. Ukuze ukhuseleke, kuphephe ukutya inyama engavavanywanga nengalawulwanga, ingakumbi iindawo zobuchopho okanye umongo wethambo.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Ukuxilongwa kwe-CJD ngamava atshintsha ubomi. Kungavakala ngathi wena kunye nehlabathi elikungqongileyo nimkile ngephanyazo. Utshintsho olunjalo lunokuba nzima kakhulu kuwe nakubantu obathandayo ukumelana nalo.

Ukuba awuqinisekanga ngento omawuyilindele okanye indlela yokujongana nayo, iqela lakho lezonyango lilapha ukukunceda. Banokukunceda ucwangcise kwangaphambili kwaye ulungiselele into ezayo. Khumbula, awuwedwa.

I- CJD, Isifo sikaCreutzfeldt-Jakob, i-prion, isifo sobuchopho, isifo semithambo-luvo, ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, i-dementia, isifo seenkomo eziphambeneyo