Sonke siyazi ukuba intliziyo yethu yeyona ndawo iphambili epompa igazi emzimbeni wonke. Njengenjini yamanzi. Ngoko ke, igazi elicocekileyo nelicebileyo ngeoksijini elipompa le ntliziyo kufuneka libe nomjelo oyintloko wokulisasaza emzimbeni wonke. Loo mjelo wegazi uphambili, mkhulu, kwaye unamandla yi-aorta, okanye njengoko sitsho ngesiNgesi, 'i-Aorta'. Namhlanje siza kuthetha 'nge-Aorta ehlayo', eyinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu yale aorta.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-Descendeng Aorta?
I-'Descending Aorta' yeyona nxalenye inde ye-aorta, umthambo wegazi omkhulu emzimbeni wakho. Ukuhla kuthetha 'ukuhla'. Ngoko ke, njengoko igama lisitsho, le yinxalenye ye-aorta ehlayo. Umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukuthwala igazi elicocekileyo neligcwele ioksijini lisuka entliziyweni liye esifubeni sakho nasesiswini. Kufana nombhobho wamanzi ophambili onika amanzi kwisixeko. Lo mbhobho uphambili uqhekeka ube ngamasebe amancinci ukuze unike igazi kuwo wonke umzimba.
Kukho iinxalenye ezimbini koku... zithini?
Nangona yonke imithambo yegazi ebizwa ngokuba yi-Descendeng Aorta iqhubeka, sithetha ngayo njengeenxalenye ezimbini kuxhomekeke kwindawo ekuyo. Kufana nokuba xa indlela enye idlula kwizixeko ezibini, ibizwa ngamagama ahlukeneyo kwisixeko ngasinye.
1. I-Aorta Yesifuba Ehlayo: Xa i-Aorta Ehlayo idlula esifubeni sakho (esiThobeni), loo nxalenye siyibiza ngokuba yi-'Aorta Yesifuba Ehlayo'. Igama elithi 'Thoracic' ligama lezonyango elisetyenziselwa izinto ezinxulumene nesifuba.
2. I-Aorta Yesisu Ehlayo: Lo mthambo wegazi utshintsha igama lawo njengoko udlula kwi-diaphragm, umsipha owahlula isifuba sakho nesisu. Inxalenye engaphantsi kwe-diaphragm, engaphakathi kwesisu sakho, ibizwa ngokuba yi-Aorta Yesisu Ehlayo. Isuka phezulu kwesisu sakho ukuya kwinqanaba lenkaba yakho.
Musa ukubhidanisa oku nezinye iindawo ze-aorta!
Ngamanye amaxesha iindawo ezithile ze-aorta zinokubhidana. Masichaze loo nto.
- Ngaba i-Thoracic Aorta kunye ne-Descendeng Aorta ziyafana?
Hayi. Ezi azifani. I-'Thoracic Aorta' ibhekisa kuyo yonke inxalenye ye-aorta ehamba esifubeni. Iquka iindawo ezininzi:
- Ingcambu ye-aorta: Inxalenye yengcambu edibene nentliziyo.
- I-Aorta enyukayo: Inxalenye eqala entliziyweni ize igobe iye phezulu.
- I-Aortic arch: Inxalenye egobileyo phezulu, njengesiphatho sentonga.
- I-aorta yesifuba eyehlayo: Le yinxalenye ye-Aorta yesifuba esiya kuthetha ngayo engaphakathi esifubeni.
Oko kuthetha ukuba, inxalenye ye-Descendeng Aorta yeyomthambo wesifuba.
- Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-Aorta enyukayo nehlayo?
Oku kulula kakhulu. Cinga nge-aorta njengophawu lombuzo omkhulu (?).
- I-ascensing aorta yinxalenye enyuka isuka entliziyweni.
- I-aorta ehlayo yinxalenye ehlayo emva kwelo gophe. Iqala esifubeni ukuya esiswini.
Yeyiphi inkonzo enikezelwa yi-Descendeng Aorta emizimbeni yethu?
Le yindlela ephambili ehambisa igazi kwinxalenye esezantsi yomzimba wethu. Kungesi sizathu ke apho imithambo yegazi emincinci (amasebe) aphuma kuyo iphuma khona apho uninzi lwamalungu ethu abalulekileyo afumana ioksijini kunye nezondlo.
| Iinkqubo eziphambili kunye namalungu omzimba afumana ukunikezelwa kwegazi | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Inkqubo yokugaya ukutya | Inika igazi kwiindawo zomzimba ezifana nomqala, isisu, amathumbu amancinci namakhulu. |
| Izintso | Inika igazi elifunekayo kwizintso, ezihluza inkunkuma emzimbeni. |
| Inkqubo yokuphefumla kunye neendonga zesifuba | Inika igazi kwimiphunga nakwimisipha yesifuba. |
| Inkqubo yokuzala | Ithwala igazi liye kuma-ovari kwabasetyhini kunye namasende kumadoda. |
| Intambo yomqolo (intambo yomqolo) | Inika igazi kumqolo, inxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo. |
| Imilenze | Ekugqibeleni le tube yahlukana kabini ize ibe ngumthambo oyintloko othwala igazi ukuya emilenzeni. |
Masifunde nangobukhulu kunye neengqimba zalo mthambo wegazi.
Ubungakanani be-aorta bunokwahluka kancinci ngokuxhomekeke kwiminyaka, ubungakanani bomzimba, kunye nesini. Kumntu omdala ophilileyo, umyinge
- Ububanzi be-aorta ehlayo esifubeni budla ngokuba malunga ne- 2.5 - 3 centimeters .
- Ububanzi be-aorta yesisu ehlayo budla ngokuba malunga neesentimitha ezi-2 .
Lo mthambo wegazi uqinileyo wenziwe ziingqimba ezintathu eziphambili zezicubu:
1. Umaleko ongaphakathi (iTunica Intima): Igazi lihamba kule umaleko. Linceda ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi kwaye lithintele ukuqhekeka kwegazi.
2. Umaleko oPhakathi (Imidiya): Lo maleko uneemisipha ezincinci kunye neefayibha ezithambileyo ezinceda ukugcina igazi lihamba kwicala elinye. Lo maleko unokuba buthathaka xa ukhula.
3. Umaleko ongaphandle (i-Adventitia): Kulapho umthambo wegazi ufumana khona amandla kunye nolwakhiwo lwawo.
Ziziphi iimeko ezichaphazela i-Descendeng Aorta?
Ngenxa yokuba lenza umsebenzi obaluleke kangaka, umonakalo kulo mthambo wegazi unokuba yingozi kakhulu. Eyona meko ixhaphakileyo yi -aortic aneurysm .
Ngamafutshane, i-aneurysm yindawo ebuthathaka eludongeni lomthambo wegazi, nto leyo ebangela ukuba idumbe njengebhaluni. Oku kuya kusanda kancinci kancinci kwaye ngenye imini kunokuqhuma.
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-aneurysms ezenzeka kwi-aorta ehlayo:
- I-Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm (TAA): Oku kwenzeka kwi-aorta ehlayo esifubeni. Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, ukwenzakala esifubeni, kunye nezinye iingxaki zemfuza (umz. iMarfan Syndrome) zinokubangela oku.
- I-Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA): Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwe-aneurysm. Iyenzeka kwisisu. Ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala, ingakumbi amadoda atshayayo . Isizathu esiphambili kukugcwala kwamafutha (atherosclerosis) kwimithambo yegazi.
- I-Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm (TAAA): Le yi-aneurysm eqala esifubeni ukuya esiswini.
Ukuba ugqirha ufumanisa ukuba kukho i-aneurysm efana nale, uya kuqhubeka eyijonga nge-scan. Ukuba ikhula ibe yingozi, uya kufuna unyango ngaphambi kokuba kubekho iingxaki ezisongela ubomi.
Iingxaki ezimbini eziyingozi kakhulu:
1. Ukuqhuma kwe-Aneurysm: Inxalenye evuvukileyo ye-aneurysm iyaqhuma. Oku kunokubangela ukopha okukhulu emzimbeni kwanokufa kwangoko.
2. Uhlobo B lwe-Aortic Dissection (ukukrazuka kodonga):Ukukrazuka komgangatho ongaphakathi womthambo wegazi, okubangela ukuba igazi livuza ngokukrazuka liye kwindawo ephakathi kwamanqanaba amabini odonga. Oku kunokubangela ukuba umthambo wegazi uqhume okanye unqande ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya kwizitho zomzimba.
Zombini ezi meko ziimeko ezingxamisekileyo zonyango ezifuna unyango olukhawulezileyo . Ukuba kukho nokungabaza okuncinci, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuya kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
Zithini iimpawu zezi meko?
Into eyoyikisayo apha kukuba uninzi lwexesha, iimeko ezifana ne-aneurysms azibonisi zimpawu kwasekuqaleni . Oko kuthetha ukuba unokuba nesifo esiyingozi esikhula emzimbeni wakho ngaphandle kweengxaki. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha rhoqo ukuze ahlolwe.
Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iimpawu zokulumkisa zinokuvela xa i-aneurysm iza kugqabhuka.
| Uphawu | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Iimpawu zesilumkiso zokuba i-aneurysm sele iza kuqhuma | |
| Intlungu yesisu | Kuvakala ngathi intliziyo ibetha ngaphakathi esiswini sakho. |
| Intlungu engapheliyo | Intlungu engapheliyo emqolo, ezinqeni, emqolo, emilenzeni, okanye esiswini. |
| Ukugcwala kwesisu | Ndiziva ndihluthi kakhulu nangona nditye kancinci. |
| Ubunzima bokuphefumla | Ukuziva uphelelwa ngumphefumlo okanye ubunzima bokuphefumla. |
| Iimpawu ezifuna unyango olungxamisekileyo (Ukuqhekeka kwe-Aneurysm / Ukuqhaqha) | |
| Intlungu ebuhlungu ngequbuliso | Intlungu enganyamezelekiyo esifubeni, emqolo ongasentla, okanye esiswini evakala ngathi kukugwazwa okanye ukukrazulwa ngemela. |
| Isiyezi kunye nokungabi nangqondo | Ukuba nesiyezi , amehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okanye ukuquleka. |
| Ezinye iimpawu | Ukubila okunamathelayo, ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza, ukuhlanza, ubunzima bokuthetha, ukungaziva mnandi kwelinye icala lomzimba. |
Ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu zongxamiseko, musa ukuchitha ixesha kwaye fowunela i-ambulensi ngoko nangoko kwaye uye kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele. Umzuzwana ngamnye ubalulekile.
Zifunyaniswa njani ezi zifo?
Ukuba ugqirha wakho uyayikrokrela le nto emva kokukuxilonga, baya kukucebisa ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo oluninzi lwemifanekiso ukuqinisekisa oko.
- Iskeni se-Ultrasound yesisu
- Iskeni se-Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA)
- Iskena seMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
- I-Transesophageal Echocardiogram (TEE)
Olu vavanyo lunokubona ngokucacileyo ubungakanani, imilo, kunye nokuba kukho ukudumba okanye ukukrazuka komthambo wegazi.
Zithini iindlela zonyango?
Unyango luxhomekeke kubukhulu be-aneurysm yakho, ukuba ikhula ngokukhawuleza kangakanani, kunye nempilo yakho iyonke.
- Ukuqwalaselwa: Ukuba i-aneurysm incinci, ugqirha angayiskena rhoqo ukuze abone ukuba iyakhula na.
- Amayeza: Amayeza anikwa ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye namanqanaba e-cholesterol. La mayeza anokunciphisa isantya sokukhula kwe-aneurysm.
- Utyando: Ukuba i-aneurysm inkulu ngendlela eyingozi, kwenziwa utyando lokususa inxalenye ebuthathaka ize ifakelwe umthambo wokwenziwa (i-graft).
- Ukulungiswa kwe-Endovascular Aneurysm (EVAR): Le yinkqubo engeyiyo ehlaselayo kakhulu. I-stent graft ifakwa nge-incision encinci e-groin ize yandiswe phezu kwe-aneurysm. Oku kuvumela igazi ukuba lihambe ngemithambo emitsha, nto leyo enciphisa uxinzelelo eludongeni oludumbileyo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Descendeng Aorta yindlela ephambili ehambisa igazi kwinxalenye esezantsi yomzimba wethu.
- I-Aortic aneurysm yimeko apho lo mthambo wegazi uba buthathaka kwaye uvuthuluka njengebhaluni. Ezi zisenokungabonakalisi zimpawu kwizigaba zokuqala.
- Ukutshaya kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu zezona zinto zibangela ezi meko.
- Intlungu ebuhlungu nenganyamezelekiyo esifubeni okanye esiswini yingxaki esongela ubomi. Yiya esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza.
- Ngokulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo (ukutya okunempilo, ukuzilolonga, nokuphepha ukutshaya), ungenza yonke inkqubo yakho yentliziyo, kuquka ne-aorta yakho, ihlale isempilweni.
- Ukuba unezinto ezikubangela umngcipheko (umz., imbali yosapho yakho ye-aneurysm, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, ukutshaya), thetha nogqirha wakho ngayo uze ufumane uvavanyo olufunekayo.
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