Ngaba amehlo akho nawo achaphazeleka sisifo seswekile? Ngaba wakha weva ngesi sifo sibizwa ngokuba yiDiabetes-Related Macular Edema?

Ukuba unesifo seswekile, kufuneka ukhathalele ngakumbi amehlo akho, akunjalo? Kuba, njengoko usazi, isifo seswekile sisifo esinokuchaphazela amehlo ethu ngeendlela ezingalindelekanga. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngento enjalo, ukudumba okwenzeka ngaphakathi kwamehlo ethu, ingakumbi kwinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu yombono wethu, ngenxa yesifo seswekile. Oku kubizwa ngoogqirha ngokuthi `(Diabetes-Related Macular Edema)` okanye `DME`.

Yintoni i-Diabetes-Related Macular Edema (DME)?

Ngamafutshane, i-DME kukudumba okwenzeka embindini we-retina, indawo engaphakathi kweliso lakho ebizwa ngokuba yi-macula, eli candelo leliso esilisebenzisa ukubona izinto ngokucacileyo. Cinga ngalo ngathi iliso lakho lifana nekhamera, kwaye i-retina ifana nefilimu ekwikhamera. Kulapho kukho khona iiseli ezibona ukukhanya. Ngoko ke eli candelo le-retina, elibizwa ngokuba yi-macula, lisinceda sifunde umbhalo omncinci size sibone izinto ezikude ngokucacileyo.

Usenokwenzeka ukuba ube ne-DME ukuba une-retinopathy enxulumene nesifo seswekile. Isifo seswekile senza imithambo yegazi emincinci esweni lakho ibe buthathaka. Emva koko inokuvuza igazi kunye nolwelo. Ngamanye amaxesha, imithambo yegazi emitsha, ebuthathaka kakhulu inokwenzakala engafanelekanga apho. Le isenokuvuza lula. Xa olu lwelo luvuzayo luqokelelana kwi-macula, luyadumba.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?

Asinguye wonke umntu onesifo seswekile ofumana esi sifo. Nangona kunjalo, kuthiwa malunga nomntu omnye kwabalishumi elinesine onesifo seswekile unokufumana esi sifo 'se-DME'. Ekubeni inani labantu abanesifo seswekile lisanda eSri Lanka, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukwazi oku.

Zithini iimpawu zoku? Jonga ukuba nawe unazo ezi...

Iimpawu ze-DME zisenokungaveli ngequbuliso, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zikhula kancinci kancinci. Kodwa qaphela ezi zinto:

• Ukubona okufipheleyo okanye ukubona kabini: Olu luphawu oluqhelekileyo. Usenokufumanisa ukuba ukubona kwakho kufiphele okanye akufiphele xa ufunda, ubukele iTV, okanye ujonge into ekude.
• IiFloaters: Imvakalelo yamachaphaza amancinci amnyama okanye iintambo zesigcawu ezihambahamba phambi kwamehlo.
• Ubunzima bokwahlula imibala: Eminye imibala inokuba mnyama kunesiqhelo okanye kube nzima ukuhlulahlula eminye.
• I-Scotomas: Usenokubona ibala elimnyama embindini okanye ecaleni kwento oyijongileyo.
• Imigca ethe tye kunye nembonakalo egobileyo: Ukuba ujonga into efana nomphetho othe tye wocango okanye ifestile kwaye ibonakala igobile, yoluliwe, okanye imibimbi, oko kukwaluphawu.
• Uvelwano ekukhanyeni okuqaqambileyo: Kunokuba nzima ukukubona elangeni okanye kwizibane ezikhanyayo, kwaye amehlo anokubonakala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
• Oko ukubonayo ngeliso elinye kubonakala ngendlela eyahlukileyo kwelinye iliso: Nangona olu luphawu olungaqhelekanga, lunokwenzeka kwabanye abantu.

Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, kungcono ukubona ugqirha wamehlo ngokukhawuleza.

Kutheni oku kusenzeka? Yintoni isizathu sale nto?

Njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, unobangela oyintloko woku kukuba amanqanaba aphezulu eswekile egazini angalawulekiyo ixesha elide. Oku konakalisa imithambo yegazi ebuthathaka ngaphakathi kweliso.

Sibiza umonakalo kwimithambo yegazi esweni ngokuba yi-"Diabetes-Related Retinopathy (DRR)``. Kukho iimeko ezimbini eziphambili zoku:

1. `I-DRR engakhuliyo`: Kule nto, imithambo yegazi iba buthathaka kwaye kuvela amaqhuma amancinci afana neebhaluni (ii-microaneurysms) ngaphandle kweendonga. Oku kuvumela igazi kunye nolwelo ukuba luvuze kwi-macula.

2. `I-Proliferative DRR`: Eli lityala elinzima kancinci. Apha, endaweni yemithambo yegazi eyonakeleyo, imithambo yegazi emitsha, ebuthathaka kakhulu iqala ukwakheka ngaphakathi kweliso engeyondawo. Le mithambo yegazi mitsha ibuthathaka kakhulu, ngoko ke ivuza igazi kunye nolwelo ngokulula, nto leyo ebangela ukuba i-macula idumbe.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukuba le meko ye-'DME' ayinyangwa kakuhle kwaye ngexesha elifanelekileyo, inokukhokelela ekulahlekelweni ngokupheleleyo kombono wakho. Ngoko ke le ayisiyonto yokuyithatha lula.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani le meko?

Usenokungakuboni oku kudumba usekhaya. Nangona kunjalo, ugqirha wamehlo unokukubona xa ehlola amehlo akho. Yiyo loo nto abantu abanesifo seswekile kufuneka bahlolwe amehlo abo rhoqo. Ukuba kufunyenwe kwangethuba, kulula ukunyanga.

Ukongeza ekuhloleni amehlo akho, ugqirha unokwenza uvavanyo olukhethekileyo olufana nolu:

• I-Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): Oku kufana nokuskena ngaphakathi kweliso lakho. Kunokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo ubukhulu be-retina kunye ne-macula yakho. Kunokubona ngokucacileyo ukuba kukho ukudumba kunye nokuba kungakanani.
• I-Fluorescein Angiography: Kolu vavanyo, kufakwa idayi ekhethekileyo emthanjeni osengalweni yakho. Emva koko, ikhamera ekhethekileyo ithatha imifanekiso yedayi njengoko ihamba ngemithambo yegazi esesweni lakho. Nakuphi na ukuvuza kwimithambo yegazi kuya kubonakala ngokucacileyo kwimifanekiso.
• Uvavanyo lwe-`Amsler Grid`: Olu luvavanyo olulula kakhulu. Ucelwa ukuba ujonge igridi yezikwere uze ubone ukuba imigca yoluliwe, igobile, okanye ayikho na. Ukuba kukho ingxaki nge-macula, ungabona utshintsho kule migca.

Zithini iindlela zokunyanga oku? Ngaba kunokunyangwa?

Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba ngoku kukho unyango olusebenzayo kakhulu lwe-DME. Ngamayeza amatsha, ukuba isifo sifunyenwe kwangethuba, kunokwenzeka ukuba kulungiswe umonakalo owenzekileyo.

Kukho iindlela ezininzi eziphambili zonyango:

1. Unyango lwe-Anti-VEGF:Kukho iproteni ebizwa ngokuba yiVascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) enceda imithambo yegazi emitsha ikhule ngaphakathi kwamehlo ethu. Olu nyango lubandakanya ukunika iyeza elithintela ukusebenza kweproteni yeVEGF njengenaliti esweni. Le naliti inikwa kube kanye ngenyanga, okanye rhoqo njengoko kufuneka. La mayeza alandelayo asetyenziswa kakhulu:

• `Aflibercept (Eylea®)`
• `I-Bevacizumab (Avastin®)`
• `Faricimab-svoa (VABYSMO®)`
• `Ranibizumab (Lucentis®)`

2. Unyango lwe-steroid: Ii-steroids zikwasetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ukudumba. Ezi zinokufakwa njengeenaliti elisweni okanye njengee-implants ezincinci (iyeza elihlala ixesha elide) ezinokufakwa ngaphakathi kweliso. Imizekelo:

• `Dexamethasone (Ozurdex®)` (le yi-`implant`)
• `I-Fluocinolone acetonide (Iluvien®)` (le ikwayi-`implant`)

3. Unyango lweLaser (Laser Photocoagulation): Kwezinye iimeko, ukukhanya kwelaser kungasetyenziselwa "ukuvala" imithambo yegazi evuzayo nokuthintela ukuvuza.

4. Utyando lweVitrectomy: Olu lutyando. Olu tyando lwenzelwe ukususa igazi, ulwelo, okanye izicubu ezingaphakathi kweliso ezitsala i-macula. Asinguye wonke umntu odinga oku.

Ngalo naluphi na unyango olunjalo, kubalulekile ukugcina iswekile yegazi lakho kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi lulawulwa kakuhle, kungenjalo iziphumo zonyango zinokuncipha.

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga okanye iingxaki zonyango?

Njengakwezinye iinkqubo zonyango, kukho iingozi ezincinci ezibandakanyekayo, kodwa amathuba okuba neengxaki ngokubanzi aphantsi.

• Ngenxa 'yokujova', kukho ithuba elincinci lokuba intsholongwane ingangena elisweni. Ukuthintela oku, iliso licocwa kakuhle ngaphambi 'kokujova'.
• Emva kokufakwa kwenaliti, amaqamza amancinci omoya angenzakalela ngaphakathi kweliso. La maqamza aya kunyamalala ngokwawo kwiintsuku ezimbalwa.
• Kunokubakho ububomvu kunye nokurhawuzelela okuncinci. Oku kusenokubangelwa sisicombululo esisetyenziselwa ukucoca iliso ngaphambi kokufakwa inaliti. Ukusebenzisa iinyembezi ezenziweyo kunokunceda ukunciphisa ezi ntlungu.
• Unyango lwe-steroid ngamanye amaxesha lunokubangela i-cataracts okanye uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwangaphakathi kweso. Ngoko ke, ugqirha uya kuhlala ejonga oku.

Ndiza kuziva bhetele nini emva konyango?

I-DME ayibangeli ntlungu emehlweni. Ngoko ke endaweni yokuba uzive "ungcono" emva kokufakwa inaliti, umonakalo kwi-macula nakwi-retina uyayeka okanye ubuye umva kancinci. Umbono wakho usenokuqala ukucaca kancinci kancinci.

Emva konyango lwe-'Injection', awuyi kukwazi ukuya emsebenzini okanye esikolweni. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba wenze utyando lwe-'Vitrectomy', kungathatha malunga neeveki ezimbini ukuya kwezine ukuba uphile.

Yintoni enokwenziwa ukunciphisa okanye ukuthintela oku ukuba kungenzeki?

Ukuba unesifo seswekile, usenokungakwazi ukuphelisa ngokupheleleyo umngcipheko wakho wokuba ne-DME. Nangona kunjalo, zininzi izinto onokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho:

• Lawula isifo sakho seswekile kakuhle: Gcina amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho njengoko ugqirha wakho ecebisa. Sela amayeza akho ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ulawule ukutya kwakho.
• Ukuba unezinye izifo ezingapheliyo ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, zilawule kakuhle.
• Qiniseka ukuba uhlola amehlo akho ngugqirha wamehlo rhoqo. Abantu abanesifo seswekile bayacetyiswa ukuba bahlole amehlo abo ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka.
• Ukuba uyatshaya, yeka namhlanje. Ukutshaya kuyingozi kakhulu kwimithambo yegazi emehlweni.
• Yitya ukutya okunempilo. Yitya iziqhamo nemifuno emininzi.
• Zilolonge rhoqo.

Ukuba ndinayo le meko, liza kuba njani ikamva?

Ukuba uxilongwe une-DME kwaye unyangwa ngokufanelekileyo, imeko idla ngokuba ntle. Ingakumbi xa uxilongwe kwaye unyangwa kwangethuba, amanye amayeza amatsha anokubuyisela umbono olahlekileyo.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ayinyangwa, ukubona kunokuphazamiseka kakhulu, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukusebenza kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Yiyo loo nto ukufunyanwa kwangoko kunye nonyango kubaluleke kangaka.

Ndingazinyamekela njani?

Nangona i-DME yimeko echaphazela amehlo, ukuyinyamekela kakuhle yonke imizimba yakho kunokunceda ekulawuleni le meko.

• Ukuba unezifo ezingapheliyo ezifana nesifo seswekile, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, i-cholesterol ephezulu, okanye ukutyeba kakhulu, zama konke okusemandleni akho ukuzilawula kakuhle.
• Yitya ukutya okunempilo kwaye wenze umthambo owaneleyo.
• Kuphephe ukutshaya.
• Hlola amehlo akho rhoqo, njengoko kucetyisiwe ngugqirha wakho wamehlo.
• Ukuba ngequbuliso ulahlekelwa kukubona, uva iintlungu eziqatha emehlweni, okanye ngequbuliso ubona isikrini esimnyama phambi kwamehlo akho, bona ugqirha okanye uye esibhedlele ngoko nangoko.

Yeyiphi imibuzo omele uyibuze ugqirha?

Xa usiya kugqirha, ungalibali ukubuza le mibuzo:

• "Yintoni enye endifanele ndiyazi ngale meko (i-Diabetes-Related Macular Edema)?"
• "Yeyiphi indlela yonyango oyicebisayo engcono kum?"
• "Zithini iziphumo okanye iingxaki ezibangelwa lolu nyango?"
• "Ndifanele ndihlolwe amehlo kangaphi?"
• "Zeziphi iimpawu ezithathwa njengengxamiseko kule meko ye-'DME'?"

Into yokugqibela endimele ndiyithethe yile...

Isifo seswekile sisifo esinokuchaphazela amalungu amaninzi omzimba wethu. Phakathi kwazo, amehlo adlala indima enkulu. Ukuba unesifo seswekile, ingakumbi ukuba unesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-'diabetes-related retinopathy', usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba ne-'DME'. Lo mngcipheko uyanda xa unesifo seswekile ixesha elide.

Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uhlolwe amehlo rhoqo kwaye ufumanise nakuphi na ukudumba okanye imithambo yegazi emitsha esweni kwangethuba. Kuba ukuba isifo sifunyenwe kwangethuba kwaye unyango luqalisiwe, kukho ithuba elikhulu lokusindisa umbono wakho oxabisekileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba unyango luqalwe kwangethuba, umonakalo obangelwe yi-'DME' unokuguqulwa.

Ngoko ke, khathalela amehlo akho. Xa unesifo seswekile, yenza ukhathalelo lwamehlo lube ngomnye wemisebenzi yakho ephambili.

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