Ngaba isifo seswekile siyawachaphazela amehlo akho? (I-Retinopathy Enxulumene Nesifo Seswekile) Masifunde ngayo.

Ngaba unesifo seswekile? Okanye ngaba kukho umntu omaziyo onesifo seswekile? Ngoko ke into endizakuyithetha ibaluleke kakhulu kuwe. Isifo seswekile sisifo apho inqanaba leswekile egazini emzimbeni linyuka khona. Oku kunokubangela umonakalo emehlweni ethu ngeendlela ezingalindelekanga. Loo monakalo ubizwa ngokuba yi-`(Diabetes-Related Retinopathy)` okanye isifo se-retina esihlobene nesifo seswekile. Makhe sithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha namhlanje, kulungile?

Yintoni i-Retinopathy enxulumene nesifo seswekile?

Ngamafutshane, `(Isifo seswekile esinxulumene ne-Diabetes Related Retinopathy)` sithetha ukuba isifo seswekile senza buthathaka kwaye sonakalise imithambo yegazi kwi-retina engaphakathi kwamehlo akho. Cinga ngaso njengekhamera. I-retina isebenza njengefilimu ekweli khamera. Kulapha apho imifanekiso ibonwa khona xa ukukhanya kwehla. Ngoko ke, xa le mithambo mincinci ehambisa igazi kwi-retina yonakele ngenxa yesifo seswekile, i-retina nayo iyeka ukusebenza kakuhle. Oku kunokukhokelela ekuboneni okunciphileyo, ekuboneni okufipheleyo, kwaye ekugqibeleni, nasebumfameni .

Asinguye wonke umntu onesifo seswekile oza kufumana esi sifo. Kwaye, kukho izinto esinokuzenza ukuze silibazise ukuqala kwaso, okanye sinciphise nemiphumo yaso ukuba siyasifumana. Ngoko ke ungoyiki, kulungile? Masithethe ngaloo nto.

Kukho amanqanaba amabini esi sifo.

`(I-Diabetes-Related Retinopathy)` ayibi mandundu ngaxeshanye. Inezigaba ezimbini eziphambili.

1. Inqanaba lokuqala: I-Nonproliferative diabetes-related retinopathy (NPDR)

Eli linqanaba lokuqala lesi sifo. Ngeli nqanaba, imithambo yegazi kwi-retina iqala ukuvuza igazi. Cinga ngayo njengombhobho wamanzi ophukileyo. Lo monakalo unokubangela ukuba eminye yemithambo yegazi ivaleke. Oku kwenzeka njengoko umzimba uzama ukulungisa umonakalo. Usenokungabi nazimpawu zibalulekileyo kweli nqanaba.

2. Imeko embi kakhulu: I-proliferative diabetes-related retinopathy (PDR)

I-NPDR iqhubekela kwinqanaba elibizwa ngokuba yi-PDR xa imithambo yegazi eyonakeleyo iba qatha ngakumbi. Kulapho imithambo yegazi emitsha, kodwa ebuthathaka, iqala ukwakheka endaweni yezo yonakeleyo. Le mithambo mitsha yenziwa ngenjongo yokwandisa ukuhamba kwegazi kwi-retina. Nangona kunjalo, le mithambo mitsha ibuthathaka kakhulu kwaye inokuqhuma kwaye yophe ngokulula. Eli gazi linokuqokelelana kwi-jelly-like substance ngaphakathi kweliso ebizwa ngokuba yi-vitreous. Ekubeni le mithambo mitsha ibumbeka phezu kwe-retina, ngokuhamba kwexesha i-jelly inokunamathela kule mithambo kwaye i-retina inokuqhekeka (ukuqhekeka kwe-retinal) . Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, amathuba okuba ngaboni aphezulu.

Zithini iimpawu zesi sifo?

Kwinqanaba lokuqala le-Diabetes-Related Retinopathy, usenokungaziboni naziphi na iimpawu. Yiloo nto yoyikisayo. Usenokungaziboni naziphi na utshintsho embonweni wakho de umonakalo ube mkhulu kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, xa iimpawu ziqala ukubonakala, zingabandakanya:

• Umbono ofipheleyo okanye ogqwethekileyo: Kuvakala ngathi ujonge ngaphakathi kwinkungu, okanye izinto zibonakala ngathi zinwebekile.
• Utshintsho kwindlela obona ngayo imibala: Imibala ebibonakala ngokucacileyo ngaphambili ngoku isenokubonakala ifiphele okanye ingacacanga kangako. Usenokude ube nombono omtsha wobumfama.
• Ubumfama basebusuku (nyctalopia): Ukubona kuncipha kakhulu ebusuku.
• Ii-Eye floaters (myodesopsias): Kuvakala ngathi amachaphaza amancinci amnyama okanye imisonto idada phambi kwamehlo.
• Amabala angaboniyo (i-scotomas): Ezinye iindawo zento oyibonayo azibonakali.
• Iziphene zentsimi yokubona: Ubungakanani bokubona kwindawo engqongileyo buyancipha.
• Ukungaboni kakuhle nokubona okungapheliyo.

Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, kufuneka ubonane nogqirha wamehlo ngokukhawuleza .

Kutheni le meko isenzeka?

Unobangela oyintloko sisifo seswekile . Esi sifo sinokubangelwa ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo zesifo seswekile.

• Isifo seswekile sohlobo 1 `(Isifo seswekile sohlobo 1)`
• Isifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini `(Isifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini)`
• Isifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-3c (Isifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-3c)`
• Isifo seswekile sokukhulelwa

Isifo seswekile sisifo esiqala xa amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho ehlala ephezulu ixesha elide . Xa esi swekile siqokelelana, sonakalisa udonga lwangaphakathi lwemithambo yegazi emzimbeni wakho wonke. Sikwachaphazela nemithambo yegazi ebuthathaka emehlweni akho.

Imithambo yegazi eyonakeleyo izama ukuzilungisa kwaye ifumane ezinye iindlela zokugcina igazi lihamba. Ngenxa yoko, loo mithambo yegazi mitsha nebuthathaka endikhankanyileyo ngaphambili yakheka phezu kwe-retina. Le mithambo yegazi inokuqhuma lula ize iphume igazi kwi-jelly-like substance engaphakathi kweliso (vitreous). Kwakhona, ulwelo lunokuvuza kwimithambo yegazi eyonakeleyo luze lubangele ukuba inxalenye ephakathi ye-retina, indawo apho sibona ngokucacileyo kwaye sahlula khona imibala (macula), idumbe. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-macular edema . Emva koko, umbono uba mfiliba.

Zithini izinto ezibangela umngcipheko?

Kukho ezinye izinto ezininzi ezinobungozi ezinokuchaphazela uphuhliso lwe-`(i-Diabetes-Related Retinopathy)`.

• Isifo seswekile esinzima ukusilawula: Umngcipheko uphezulu ukuba amanqanaba eswekile egazini ahlala ephezulu.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu)
• Inqanaba eliphezulu le-cholesterol egazini (hyperlipidemia)
• Izifo ezinxulumene nentliziyo ezifana nesifo sentliziyo kunye nesifo semithambo yegazi
• Isifo sezintso esingapheliyo kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso

Ukuba ezi meko zikhona, umngcipheko wokonakala kwamehlo uyanda ngakumbi xa udibene nesifo seswekile.

Iingxaki ezinokubakho zesi sifo

Ukuba i-Diabetes-Related Retinopathy ayilawulwa ngokufanelekileyo, iingxaki ezingakumbi zinokubakho.

• I-macular edema enxulumene nesifo seswekile (ukudumba embindini we-retina okubangelwa sisifo seswekile)
• Ukuqhekeka kwe-retinal
• Ukopha kwinxalenye efana nejeli yeliso (i-vitreous hemorrhage)
• I-Glaucoma (uxinzelelo lwamehlo olongezelelekileyo)
• Ukuncipha kokunikezelwa kwegazi kwinxalenye ye-retina enika umbala kunye nokubona okubukhali (i-macular ischemia)

Ekugqibeleni, ezi ngxaki zinokubangela ukuba iiseli ezibona ukukhanya ngaphakathi kweliso, ezibizwa ngokuba zii-photoreceptors, ziyeke ukusebenza kakuhle. Oku kunokukhokelela ekulahlekelweni kokubona okungapheliyo kunye nokungaboni.

Sifunyaniswa njani esi sifo?

Njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, utshintsho oluninzi kwiliso olubangelwa yi-`(Diabetes-Related Retinopathy)` alubonisi zimpawu kwizigaba zokuqala. Nangona kunjalo, ugqirha wamehlo unokuzibona ezi nguqu kwangethuba. Oku kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye nokusebenzisa amayeza ukwandisa iliso. Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi -`(dilated eye exam)` .

Ngexesha lovavanyo, ugqirha angabona izinto ezifana nezi:

• Amabala oboya bekotoni ngaphakathi kweliso
• Ukopha kwegazi kwi-retina
• Imithambo yegazi emincinci evuvukileyo neqhumayo (ii-microaneurysms)
• Ukuvuselelwa kwemithambo yegazi (imithambo yegazi emitsha eyakha ngaphakathi kweliso)
• Ukudumba kwenxalenye ephakathi ye-retina (i-macular edema)
• Ukufakwa kwamafutha kwi-retina (ii-retinal exudates)
• Imithambo yegazi ebonakala ingaqhelekanga kwi-retina
• Ukopha kwi-substance efana ne-jelly ngaphakathi kweliso (i-vitreous hemorrhage)

Ngoko ke, ukuba unesifo seswekile, nokuba awunazo iimpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uhlolwe amehlo akho ngugqirha wamehlo ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka.

Inyangwa njani i-`(Diabetes-Related Retinopathy)`?

Le yeyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo. `(Isifo seswekile esinxulumene ne-Retinopathy)` yimeko enokunyangeka, kodwa ayinakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo . Ezinye zeempawu kunye notshintsho kwi-retina zinokunyangwa. Nangona kunjalo, xa umonakalo unzima kakhulu, ezinye izinto azinakuguqulwa.

Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zonyango: ukulawula isifo seswekile kunye nokunyanga amehlo akho.

1. Ukulawula isifo sakho seswekile

Uphando lubonise ngokucacileyo ukuba xa inqanaba leswekile egazini lakho liphezulu kunye ne-hemoglobin A1C, umngcipheko wakho wokuba ne-Diabetes-Related Retinopathy uphezulu . Ke ngoko, ukulawula amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho - oko kuthetha ukuwagcina esezantsi kwaye ezinzile - kubaluleke kakhulu ukulibazisa ukuqala kwesi sifo nokunciphisa ubukhali baso.

Ukuze ulawule isifo seswekile, kufuneka wenze ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ukujonga amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho rhoqo:Oku kungenziwa ngovavanyo lweminwe okanye ukujonga rhoqo i-glucose.
• Lumka ngento oyityayo: Into oyityayo ichaphazela ngqo amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho kunye namaxabiso e-A1C.
• Ukusela amayeza akho owanikwe ngugqirha ngokuchanekileyo: Sela amayeza akho eswekile kanye njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuxelele. Oku kuya kunceda kakhulu ekugcineni amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho ekwinqanaba elicetyiswayo.
• Ukuya kuhlolwa rhoqo: Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ngempilo yakho ngokubanzi. Ungazibona utshintsho kwanangaphambi kokuba kuvele iimpawu.
• Ukufumana uhlolo lwamehlo rhoqo njengoko kucetyiswayo: Oku kubalulekile ukuba unesifo seswekile okanye isifo seswekile esingaphambi kokuba siqale. Unyango lungaqala ngaphambi kokuba umonakalo ube ngowonaphakade.
• Ukugcina ubunzima obusempilweni obukufaneleyo: Oku kunceda nokulawula isifo seswekile. Ugqirha wakho wosapho uza kukunika ingcebiso koku.

2. Unyango lwamehlo

Injongo yonyango lwamehlo kukulawula iimpawu zokubona kunye namehlo kunye nokunciphisa okanye ukunciphisa umonakalo kwi-retina. Ezinye iindlela zonyango ezithile ze-Diabetes-Related Retinopathy ziquka:

• Amayeza: Umzekelo, kusetyenziswa amayeza e-anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) okanye ii-corticosteroids. Ezi zifakwa esweni. Ugqirha wakho wamehlo uza kuchaza ezinye iindlela zonyango.
• Utyando lweLaser: Kwiinkqubo ezifana neLaser photocoagulation , ingcali yamehlo isebenzisa iLaser ukunyanga i-retina yakho. Oku kunokuthintela ukukhula kwemithambo yegazi emitsha, engaqhelekanga, kuyinciphise, okanye kuyithintele igazi ekuvuzeni. Nangona kunjalo, oku ngamanye amaxesha kunokubangela ukulahleka kombono wasebusuku okanye umbono ongaphandle.
• Utyando lwamehlo: Ukuba i-retina yakho ihlukanisiwe (i-retinal detachment), ukuba igazi liqokelelene ngaphakathi kweliso (i-vitreous hemorrhage) kwaye aliyi kuphuma, okanye ukuba kukho omnye umonakalo omkhulu kwi-retina, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa utyando olubizwa ngokuba yi-vitrectomy .

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha wam?

Ukuba unesifo seswekile, okanye ufunyaniswe une-Diabetes-Related Retinopathy, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ingcali yamehlo rhoqo. Uza kukuxelela ukuba kufuneka uye kangaphi ukuze uhlolwe. Ukulandela le shedyuli kunokukunceda ubone naluphi na utshintsho olukhulu ngaphambi kokuba lube qatha.

Kwakhona, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho oluya luvela kancinci kancinci embonweni :

• Ukubona okunciphileyo okanye ukungaboni kakuhle njengangaphambili.
• Umbono ofipheleyo okanye ogqwethekileyo.
• Ukuba ezinye iindawo zezinto ozijongileyo zimnyama, zimfiliba, okanye zibonakala zahlukile kunezo bezinjalo ngaphambili.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ubona utshintsho olufana nolu ngequbuliso , kuya kufuneka uye esibhedlele esikufutshane okanye kwigumbi likaxakeka ngoko nangoko:

• Intlungu ebuhlungu yamehlo.
• Ukulahlekelwa ngokupheleleyo ngumbono ngequbuliso okanye ukulahleka okukhulu kombono.

Luhlobo luni lwekamva umntu one-`(Diabetes-Related Retinopathy)` anokulilindela?

I-Retinopathy enxulumene nesifo seswekile yimeko ehlala ihleli, ehlala ubomi bonke. Akukho nyango lwayo. Nangona kunjalo, ungathatha amanyathelo okuyilawula nokunciphisa ukulahleka kokubona.

Abantu abanesifo seswekile banamathuba amaninzi okuba nale meko, kodwa ayinguye wonke umntu onesifo seswekile oza kuba nayo. Nangona kunjalo, inokuba nefuthe elikhulu ebomini bakho, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukwenza konke okusemandleni akho ukuyithintela okanye ukuyilibazisa.

Ukuba ufumanisa isifo kwangethuba kwaye ufumane unyango ngexesha, unokuthintela ukulahleka kokubona kwaye ulibazise ukuqhubeka kwesifo. Nokuba emva konyango, ukuba ulawula isifo sakho seswekile kakuhle kwaye ugcine amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho ngaphakathi kwamanqanaba acetyiswa ngoogqirha bakho, unethuba elihle lokunciphisa iziphumo zesi sifo.

Ngelishwa, abanye abantu banokuba neengxaki ezinkulu. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iindlela zokulibazisa ezo ngxaki kangangoko kunokwenzeka kunye nokulawula utshintsho lokubona olubangelwa sisifo seswekile.

Ngaba i-Retinopathy enxulumene nesifo seswekile inokuthintelwa?

Ewe, ukulawula amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho kunye nokugcina amanqanaba aphantsi e-hemoglobin A1C kunokunceda ekuthinteleni i-Retinopathy enxulumene neSifo seswekile. Xa usenza ezi zinto, i-retinopathy ngamanye amaxesha inokubuyela umva.

Asinguye wonke umntu onesifo seswekile onayo le nto, kodwa abo banamanqanaba eswekile egazini angalawulekiyo kunye nabo banesifo seswekile ixesha elide banamathuba amaninzi okufumana "i-Diabetes-Related Retinopathy".

Nokuba awunaso isifo seswekile, ukuba usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba naso (umzekelo, ukuba unesifo seswekile esingaphambi kwexesha), ungathatha inyathelo ngaphambi kokuba ufunyaniswe ukuba unesifo seswekile. Ukuthatha inyathelo kwangethuba kunokuthintela okanye kulibazise uphuhliso lwesifo seswekile. Kunokuchaphazela nophuhliso lwe-retinopathy enxulumene nesifo seswekile.

Uvavanyo lwamehlo lunokukunceda uchonge iimpawu zokuqala ze-Diabetes-Related Retinopathy kwangethuba ngaphambi kokuba ube neempawu. Ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho, ingakumbi abazali bakho, abantakwenu, okanye abantwana bakho, unesifo seswekile, nawe usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba naso. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe amehlo rhoqo.

Nokuba ulawula kakuhle kangakanani na isifo sakho seswekile, ngamanye amaxesha kusenokunganelanga ukuthintela uphuhliso lwe-"Diabetes-Related Retinopathy". Nangona kunjalo, ukulawula isifo sakho seswekile, ukufumana uhlolo lwamehlo rhoqo, kunye nokunyamekela amehlo akho kusabalulekile kakhulu. Kunokukunceda ukukhusela umbono wakho.

Ugqirha wakho wesifo seswekile unokukukhokela kule nto aze akuthumele kwingcali yamehlo. Ngoncedo nokhathalelo oluqhelekileyo, zininzi izinto onokuzenza ukukhusela umbono wakho oxabisekileyo.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, nazi izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule koko sithethe ngako:

• Ukuba unesifo seswekile, lumka kakhulu amehlo akho. I-Retinopathy enxulumene nesifo seswekile inokuba yingxaki enkulu.
• Gcina iswekile yakho egazini kunye namanqanaba e-"Hemoglobin A1C" akho ephantsi kolawulo. Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo.
• Nokuba awunazo naziphi na iimpawu, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka uhlolwe amehlo akho ngugqirha wamehlo ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka (uvavanyo lwamehlo oluvulwe ngokubonakalayo). Ukufunyanwa kwangethuba kulula ukunyanga.
• Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho embonweni wakho (ukufiphala, amabala amnyama, ukutshintsha kombala), bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.
• Ukuba uyatshaya, yeka. Ukutshaya kungayenza ibe mandundu le meko.
• Lawula izinto ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye ne-cholesterol.

Khumbula, awuwedwa. Kukho oogqirha kunye namalungu osapho anokukunceda. Ukuba awoyiki, ufumane unyango olufanelekileyo, kwaye uphile ubomi obusempilweni, ungawakhusela amehlo akho.

Isifo seswekile, umonakalo wamehlo onesifo seswekile, i-retinopathy, impilo yamehlo, ukhuseleko lombono, unyango lweswekile, ukuvavanywa kwamehlo