Usenokuba ukhe weva ngovavanyo lwe-'mammogram'. Olu luvavanyo olubaluleke kakhulu lokufumanisa umhlaza webele kwangethuba. Kodwa ubusazi na ukuba kukho indlela entsha esebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufanayo be-mammogram, obuphucuke ngakumbi kwaye bunika iziphumo ezicacileyo? Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-'Digital Breast Tomosynthesis' okanye nje 'Tomosynthesis'. Oku kwaziwa kakhulu ngokuba yi-'3D Mammography'. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni iTomosynthesis?
Khawuthelekelele ujonge incwadi. I-mammogram eqhelekileyo, endala ye-2D ifana nokuthatha ifoto yekhava yencwadi. Amaphepha angaphakathi adibene, njengebhola. Ukuba kukho into efihliweyo, kunzima ukuyifumana.
Kodwa, ngale mammogram intsha ye-3D (iTomosynthesis), kufana nokujika amaphepha aloo ncwadi, uthatha iifoto ezahlukeneyo zephepha ngalinye. Umatshini uthatha imifanekiso emininzi yebele lakho kwiikona ezahlukeneyo, 'ngamaqhekeza' amancinci kakhulu. Emva koko, ikhompyutha isebenzisa le mifanekiso ukwenza imodeli epheleleyo yebele lakho enemilinganiselo emithathu (3D).
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, nokuba kukho iqhuma elincinci okanye utshintsho olufihliweyo kwithishu yebele, ugqirha uya kukwazi ukulibona ngokucacileyo.
Olu vavanyo lubaluleke kakhulu kubani?
Nabani na ofuna ukwenza i-mammogram angazuza kule ndlela ye-3D. Nangona kunjalo, kukho amaqela athile oku kubaluleke kakhulu kuwo. Oko kukuthi, abafazi 'abanezicubu zesifuba ezixineneyo'. Abafazi abaninzi kwilizwe lethu banale meko.
Yintoni le 'nyama yesifuba exineneyo'?
Ngamafutshane, ibele lenziwe ngamanqatha kunye nezicubu ze-glandular. Abanye abafazi banezicubu ze-glandular ezingaphezulu kunezicubu ezinamafutha emabeleni abo. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba 'ngamabele axineneyo.'
Ngoku, khangela, kumfanekiso we-X-reyi we-mammogram eqhelekileyo, esi sicwili sixineneyo kunye nethumba, zombini zibonakala zimhlophe. Kufana nokukhangela ibhere elimhlophe elimhlophe kwiqhwa. Yiyo loo nto i-mammogram eqhelekileyo ye-2D inokuthi ingayiboni i-cancer efihliweyo emabeleni axineneyo.
Nangona kunjalo, kwindlela yeTomosynthesis (3D), izicubu zebele zinokujongwa ngokwahlukeneyo 'njengeziqwenga', ngoko ke umahluko phakathi kwezicubu eziqinileyo eziqhelekileyo kunye nethumba elirhanelekayo unokuchongwa ngokucacileyo.
Oku kunenye inzuzo enkulu. Ngamanye amaxesha, kwi-mammogram eqhelekileyo, izicwili eziphilileyo zinokubhidaniswa nomhlaza kuba kubonakala ngathi ziyadibana. Oku sikubiza ngokuba 'yimiphumo engalunganga'. Yiyo loo nto kufuneka woyike kwaye wenze iimvavanyo ezingaphezulu. Indlela ye-3D injeIzinto ezingalunganga ziyancipha kakhulu.
Lufuneka nini uvavanyo lwe-tomosynthesis?
Olu vavanyo lusetyenziselwa iinjongo ezimbini eziphambili.
1. Njengovavanyo lokuhlola: Ngokuqhelekileyo kucetyiswa ukuba bonke abafazi baqale ukwenza ii-mammograms emva kweminyaka engama-40. Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho okhe waba nomhlaza webele, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba wenze olu vavanyo kwangethuba. Ngoko ke, i-tomosynthesis lukhetho olufanelekileyo lokujonga umhlaza ngaphambi kokuba kubonakale iimpawu.
2. Njengovavanyo lokuxilonga: Ukuba uneempawu emabeleni akho (umz., iqhuma, iintlungu, utshintsho lolusu), ugqirha wakho unokukuthumela kolu vavanyo ukuze afumanise ukuba unobangela ngumhlaza okanye akunjalo.
Ufanele uzilungiselele njani ngaphambi kolu vavanyo?
Kubalulekile ukunyamekela ezi zinto ngaphambi kovavanyo.
- Xelela ugqirha wakho ngembali yakho yezonyango: ukuba ukhe waba neengxaki zamabele ngaphambili, ukuba ukhe watyandwa, ukuba uthatha ziphi iihomoni, kwaye ukuba ukhulelwe okanye uncancisa.
- Hamba neerekhodi ezindala: Ukuba ukhe wayenza i-mammogram kwenye indawo ngaphambili, kubalulekile ukuba uthathe ezo mifanekiso neerekhodi uye nazo kwindawo yakho entsha. Kulula ukubona umahluko omncinci xa uthelekisa imifanekiso emidala nemitsha.
- Khetha usuku apho amabele akho engabangeli buhlungu kangako: Iintlungu zebele kunye nokuthamba kwazo zihlala ziphantsi kakhulu kwiiveki zokuqala okanye ezimbini emva kokuba usexesheni. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, cwangcisa uvavanyo lwakho ngaloo mini.
Yintoni onokuyilindela ngomhla wovavanyo?
Lonke uvavanyo luthatha malunga nemizuzu engama-30. Ungagoduka ngaloo mini inye.
- Musa ukuthambisa i-deodorant, umgubo, okanye i-lotion: Hlamba umzimba wakho uze ucoceke. Kodwa musa ukuthambisa nayiphi na i-deodorant, umgubo, okanye i-cream kwindawo esemakhwapheni okanye ejikeleze amabele. Ezinye zezi zinto zinokubonakala njengamabala amhlophe kwimifanekiso ye-X-ray. Oku kunokubangela iziphumo ezingachanekanga.
- Cinga ngeempahla zakho: Nxiba iimpahla ezikhululekileyo onokuzikhulula lula. Kuya kufuneka ukhulule inxalenye ephezulu yomzimba wakho (kuquka nempahla yangaphantsi) uze unxibe ilokhwe yesibhedlele.
- Musa ukunxiba ubucwebe: Susa izinto ezifana neentsimbi zomqala uze uzishiye ekhaya. Ezi zinokuchaphazela nemifanekiso.
Ungenza njani uvavanyo?
Oku kufana nje nokuba ne-mammogram eqhelekileyo. Umahluko kuphela kukuba inxalenye yomatshini ekhupha ii-X-ray (ityhubhu ye-X-ray) ihamba ngendlela ejikeleze ibele lakho.
Ingcali yetekhnoloji iya kukubeka ecaleni komatshini ize ikucele ukuba ubeke ibele elinye eqongeni. Emva koko kuya kwehliswa ipleyiti yeplastiki ize icinezele ibele lakho.
Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive uxinezelekile okanye ungakhululeki ngeli xesha. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufumana iintlungu ezinganyamezelekiyo, xelela ingcali. Ibele licinezelwe ngale ndlela ngesizathu. Oku kunceda ekunciphiseni izicubu kwaye kuvelise umfanekiso ocacileyo. Kukwanciphisa ubungakanani bemitha evezwa ngumzimba wakho.
Kufuneka uhlale ungashukumi. Umatshini uza kuhamba aze athathe imifanekiso eliqela kwiikona ezahlukeneyo kwimizuzwana embalwa. Nje ukuba elinye icala ligqityiwe, elinye ibele lihlolwe ngendlela efanayo.
Umahluko ophambili phakathi kwe-mammogram eqhelekileyo (2D) kunye ne-tomosynthesis (3D) mammogram
Ukuze siqonde ngcono, makhe sijonge umahluko phakathi kwezi ndlela zimbini.
| Uphawu | I-mammogram eqhelekileyo ye-2D | I-Tomosynthesis (i-3D mammogram) |
|---|---|---|
| Indlela yokuthatha imifanekiso | Kuthathwa imifanekiso emibini esicaba yesifuba esinye kwiikona ezimbini (phezulu-ezantsi namacala). | Umatshini uyashukuma kwaye uthatha imifanekiso emininzi ethambileyo efana 'nezilayi' kwiikona ezahlukeneyo. |
| Umfanekiso ophumayo | Umfanekiso onemilinganiselo emibini (2D). Izicubu zinokubonakala ngathi ziyadibana. | Ukwakhiwa ngokutsha okunemilinganiselo emithathu (3D). Izicubu zinokujongwa umaleko ngomnye nomnye. |
| Ukufaneleka kwamabele axineneyo | Kukho umngcipheko wokungabikho komhlaza ofihlakeleyo. | Ifanelekile kakhulu. Amandla okubona umhlaza ofihlakeleyo aphezulu kakhulu. |
| Izinto Ezilungileyo Ezingeyonyani | Okungakumbi kunokwenzeka. | Amathuba okuba kwenzeke aphantsi kakhulu. |
Ngaba kufuneka soyike i-radioactivity?
Le yingxaki kubantu abaninzi. I-3D mammogram ikhupha imitha engaphezulu kancinci kune-2D mammogram eqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, awunasizathu sokukhathazeka ngale nto. Le dosi yemitha iphantsi kakhulu, ngaphakathi kwemida ekhuselekileyo . Iingenelo zokufunyanwa komhlaza wamabele kwangoko zingaphezulu kakhulu kolu chaphazeleko luncinci lwemitha.
Zifumaneka njani iziphumo? Zisixelela ntoni?
Ingcali ye-radiology iza kuhlola imifanekiso yakho ngononophelo ize ikhangele iimpawu zomhlaza. Uza kubhala ingxelo aze ayithumele kugqirha okuthumelele uvavanyo. Ugqirha wakho uza kuchaza iziphumo kuwe.
Iziphumo zihlala zifumaneka kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiziphumo,
- Ungaqiniseka ukuba awunayo umhlaza.
- Ukuba ubona into ekrokrisayo, ungacetyiswa ukuba wenze uvavanyo olongezelelekileyo (umz. olunye uvavanyo lwe-mammogram, i-ultrasound, i-MRI scan, okanye i-biopsy) ukuze kuphandwe ngakumbi.
Khumbula ukuba yi-biopsy kuphela enokuqinisekisa ngokupheleleyo ukuba umhlaza ukho .
Okokugqibela, ukuba uza kuhlolwa i-mammogram, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nendlela ye-Tomosynthesis (3D). Nguye oza kugqiba ukuba le ndlela okanye indlela eqhelekileyo ikulungele na, ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zamabele akho kunye nembali yakho yezonyango. Musa ukoyika ukubuza imibuzo nokufuna ingcaciso.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Tomosynthesis yiteknoloji ye-3D ephucukileyo (eneemilinganiselo ezintathu) kune-mammogram eqhelekileyo.
- Le ndlela isebenza ngakumbi ekufumaneni umhlaza, ingakumbi kubafazi abanezicwili zamabele ezixineneyo.
- Le ndlela inokufumanisa nomhlaza omncinci onokuthi ungabonwa ngexesha le-mammogram eqhelekileyo.
- Umngcipheko weziphumo ezingezizo ezilungileyo xa kungekho mhlaza uphantsi kakhulu ngale ndlela.
- Ubungakanani bemitha esetyenzisiweyo buphantsi kakhulu kwaye bukhuselekile ngokupheleleyo.
- Soloko uxoxa nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba olu vavanyo lukulungele na.
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