Xa sisiva ukuba umntwana wakho unomkhuhlane kunye nomqala obuhlungu, sicinga ngento efana nomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo okanye i-tonsillitis, akunjalo? Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, emva kwezi mpawu zilula, kunokubakho into enzulu ngakumbi. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesifo esinjalo, esingaxhaphakanga kangako ngoku ngenxa yeenkqubo zokugonya kwilizwe lethu, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ngaso. Le yi-diphtheria, okanye i-diphtheria. Usenokuba ukhe waliva eli gama, kodwa sisenokungazi ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwesifo kwaye kutheni sifanele sisoyike. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngaso ngokulula.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-diphtheria?
I-Diphtheria sisifo esibangelwa yintsholongwane esosulelayo. Sibangelwa yintsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yiCorynebacterium diphtheriae . Xa le ntsholongwane ingena emzimbeni wethu, ichaphazela kakhulu impumlo nomqala wethu.
Khawucinge nje, le ntsholongwane inamathela eludongeni lomqala wethu, ihlale apho ize ivelise ityhefu eyingozi kakhulu, ityhefu . Le tyhefu ibangela ukuba iiseli ezisemqaleni zife. Emva kwexesha elithile, ezi seli zifileyo, iintsholongwane, nezinye izinto ziyaqokelelana kwaye zenze ifilimu engqindilili, engwevu ngaphakathi emqaleni. Kufana nomntu ofake iplasta engqindilili ngaphakathi emqaleni. Olu lolona phawu luyingozi kakhulu lwesi sifo. Le filimu engwevu yenza kube nzima ukuyiginya, kwaye inokukuthintela ngokupheleleyo ukuphefumla .
Le tyhefu ayichaphazeli nje umqala kuphela, ingangena nasegazini ize yonakalise nezinye iindawo zomzimba, ingakumbi intliziyo, inkqubo yemithambo-luvo kunye nezintso.
Ngethamsanqa kuthi eSri Lanka, esi sifo ngoku asiqhelekanga ngenxa yothotho lwemigonyo enikwa abantwana ekuzalweni. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi, ingakumbi kumazwe apho ugonyo lungaqhelekanga khona, esi sifo sisaxhaphakile. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba sikuqaphele oku.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili ze-veneer yamatye?
Inyongo ingahlulwa ibe ziintlobo ezimbini eziphambili. Zihlulwe ngokwendawo ezichaphazela kuyo umzimba. Ukuze uqonde oku ngokucacileyo, jonga itheyibhile engasezantsi.
| Uhlobo lwe-membrane yelitye | Amalungu omzimba achaphazelekayo | Inkcazo emfutshane |
|---|---|---|
| I-diphtheria yokuphefumla eqhelekileyo | Impumlo, umphimbo, iitoni, ingxolo (ibhokisi yelizwi) | Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo. Olu hlobo lubangela ukugquma okungwevu emqaleni. Oku kubangela ubunzima bokuphefumla. |
| I-diphtheria yesikhumba | Ulusu (naphi na emzimbeni) | Kulapho kuvela khona izilonda zesikhumba, amadyungudyungu, okanye izilonda. Olu hlobo aluqhelekanga kakhulu, ingakumbi kumazwe anemozulu efudumeleyo. |
Zithini kanye kanye iimpawu zesi sifo?
Xa inyongo isulelekile, kudla ngokuthatha iintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezintlanu ukuba iimpawu zibonakale. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kunokuthatha nje usuku olunye okanye iintsuku ezilishumi. Abanye abantu basenokungabonakalisi zimpawu, kodwa basenokusasaza isifo kwabanye. Yimeko eyingozi leyo.
Masibone ngokucacileyo ukuba zeziphi iimpawu eziphambili.
| Uhlobo lwempawu | Iimpawu ezibonisa |
|---|---|
| Iimpawu ezinxulumene nenkqubo yokuphefumla | |
| Iimpawu ngokubanzi |
|
| Iimpawu ezikhethekileyo neziyingozi |
|
| Iimpawu zolusu (i-Cutaneous Diphtheria) | |
| Utshintsho lolusu |
|
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba, ukuba wena okanye nabani na kusapho lwakho unezi mpawu, ingakumbi ukuba ubona into efana naleyo imdaka emqaleni wakho okanye unengxaki yokuphefumla, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza.
Esi sifo sidluliselwa njani ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye?
Usulelo lwe-sputum lufana ne-coronavirus esiyazi kakuhle ngoku, kodwa olu lubangelwa yintsholongwane. Kukho iindlela ezintathu eziphambili zokudlulisela intsholongwane.
- Ngamathontsi okuphefumla: Iibhaktheriya zinokufumaneka kumathontsi amancinci amathe aphuma emlonyeni nasempumlweni xa umntu onentsholongwane ekhohlela, ethimla, okanye ethetha. Ukuba umntu ophilileyo uphefumla loo moya, unokosuleleka.
- Ngokuchukumisa izinto ezingcolileyo: Iintsholongwane zinokufumaneka kwizinto ezifana neepleyiti, iikomityi, izinto zokudlala, kunye nezibambo zomnyango ezisetyenziswe ngumntu osulelekileyo. Ukuba umntu ophilileyo uchukumisa ezo zinto aze achukumise impumlo, umlomo, okanye amehlo akhe ngesandla esinye, esi sifo sinokudluliselwa.
- Ngokuchukumisa amanxeba anentsholongwane: Ukuba umntu ophilileyo uchukumisa inxeba elivulekileyo kumntu onethegi yesikhumba, iintsholongwane zingangena emzimbeni.
Into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka iqatshelwe kukuba ukuba isitofu asithathwanga ngokuchanekileyo, umntu unokuba neeshingles ngaphezu kwesihlandlo esinye . Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuchacha emva kweeshingles kube kanye akuniki khuseleko lobomi bonke.
Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokufumana amatye enyongo?
Kukho amaqela aliqela asengozini enkulu yokufumana amatye enyongo kunye neengxaki ezinkulu anokuzibangela.
- Abantu abangakhange bafumane i-tetanus vaccine okanye i-booster dose yayo: Le yeyona nto iphambili neyona inobungozi. Ekubeni ukhuseleko olunikwa yi-vaccine lungekho, iintsholongwane zinokuwonakalisa umzimba ngokulula.
- Abantu abaneenkqubo zokuzikhusela zomzimba ezibuthathaka: Esi sifo sinokuba nzima ngakumbi kubantu abaneenkqubo zokuzikhusela zomzimba ezibuthathaka, njengabo bane-HIV, izigulane ezinomhlaza, kunye nabantu abafumana izitho zomzimba ezifakelweyo.
- Abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala kunye nabantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala.
- Abantu abahlala okanye abasebenza kwiindawo ezixineneyo:Umzekelo, abantu abahlala kwiindawo ezifana neenkampu zababaleki kunye neendawo zokuhlala banokosulelwa lula sesi sifo.
- Abantu abahamba besiya kumazwe apho i-cataracts isaxhaphakileyo khona.
Eyona nto iyingozi kakhulu - zeziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho?
Ukuba ayinyangwa ngokukhawuleza nangendlela efanelekileyo, i-strep throat inokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinkulu nezisongela ubomi. Oku kwenzeka kuba iityhefu eziveliswa yibhaktheriya zihamba egazini kwaye zonakalisa amalungu abalulekileyo emzimbeni.
- Ukuvaleka komphimbo: Ifilimu engwevu eyenzeka emqaleni inokuvala ngokupheleleyo indlela yomoya, ide ibangele nokufa ngenxa yokufuthaniseka.
- Ukonakala kwemisipha yentliziyo (Myocarditis): Le tyhefu inokuchaphazela intliziyo, iphazamise isigqi sentliziyo, yenze buthathaka imisipha yentliziyo, ide ibangele nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwentliziyo.
- I-Neuropathy: Le tyhefu ingonakalisa inkqubo yemithambo-luvo, ibangele iimeko ezifana nobunzima bokuginya kunye nokukhubazeka.
- Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso: Izintso zingonakala zize ziyeke ukucoca inkunkuma emzimbeni.
Ezi ngxaki zenza imasisi ibe sisifo esinokubulala , ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuba abantu abafikelela kwi-30% abangagonywanga kwaye abanganyangwanga bafa ngenxa yesi sifo. Le ngozi iphezulu nangakumbi kubantwana abancinci.
Ugqirha uxilonga njani esi sifo?
Ugqirha uxilonga isifo senyongo ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zakho kunye novavanyo lwelebhu.
1. Ukujonga iimpawu: Ugqirha uza kuqala ahlole umqala wakho ngononophelo. Ngokukodwa, uza kujonga ukuba akukho ngqindilili, ingwevu, okanye kukho amadlala avuvukileyo kunye nomkhuhlane.
2. Uvavanyo lwelebhu: Ukuqinisekisa isifo, ugqirha wakho uza kusebenzisa iswab ukuqokelela ulwelo oluncinci oluvela ngasemva komqala wakho okanye kwisilonda esiselukhumbeni lwakho. Emva koko isampuli iya kuthunyelwa kwilebhu ukuze ivavanywe ukuba ikhona na intsholongwane ye-streptococcal.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukuba kukho ukurhanelwa kwamatye enyongo, oogqirha abalindi ingxelo yelebhu. Baqala unyango ngoko nangoko ngokusekelwe kukrokrelo. Kuba kwesi sifo, umzuzwana ngamnye uyabaluleka.
Iphathwa njani?
Unyango lwe-shingles lwenziwa esibhedlele. Isigulana sigcinwa kwigumbi elahlukileyo (ukwahlukaniswa) ukuthintela ukuba isifo singasasazeki kwabanye. Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zonyango.
1. I-Diphtheria Antitoxin:Olu lolona nyango lubalulekileyo. Lusebenza ngokunciphisa iityhefu eziveliswa yibhaktheriya zize ziqokelele egazini. Ngamanye amazwi, olu gonyo luthintela iityhefu esele zisasazeke emzimbeni wonke ekubeni zonakalise amanye amalungu omzimba.
2. Ii-antibiotics: Ii-antibiotics zinikwa ukubulala iintsholongwane. Oku kuthintela isifo ukuba singasasazeki ngakumbi kwaye singadluliselwa kwabanye abantu sisuka kwisigulana.
Ngokwesiqhelo, isigulana siyayeka ukudlulisela esi sifo kwabanye kwiiyure ezingama-48 emva kokuqala amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane. Nangona kunjalo, unyango olupheleleyo luthatha malunga neeveki ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu. Kungathatha iinyanga ukuba izilonda zesikhumba ziphiliswe. Ekupheleni konyango, kwenziwa uvavanyo kwakhona ukuqinisekisa ukuba iintsholongwane zisusiwe ngokupheleleyo emzimbeni.
Ukuthintela lolona nyango lungcono - ukubaluleka kokugonywa
Eyona ndlela ilungileyo, elula, neyona isebenzayo yokuzikhusela kwesi sifo siyingozi kukugonywa . Igonyo lemasisi lisebenza kakhulu. Xa zonke iidosi ezintathu zisetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo, linokuthintela abantu abangaphezu kwama-87% ekufumaneni esi sifo.
Phantsi kweNkqubo yeSizwe yokuGonya eSri Lanka, abantwana banikwa imijovo edibeneyo ekhusela kwizifo ezintathu: i-diphtheria, i-tetanus, kunye ne-pertussis. Ukuba ujonga irekhodi lophuhliso lwempilo yomntwana wakho (i-CHDR), iminyaka eyanikwa ngayo le mijovo iyaphawulwa.
Kubalulekile nakubantu abadala ukuba balondoloze olu khuselo. Ukhuselo lomzimba olunikezelwa yi-vaccine lunokuncipha ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ke ngoko, kuyacetyiswa ukuba abantu abadala bafumane idosi yokunyusa ubuncinci rhoqo emva kweminyaka eli-10 . Ukuba awuqinisekanga ngeenkcukacha zakho zokugonya, thetha nogqirha wakho wosapho ukuze akunike iingcebiso.
Ukuba unemibuzo okanye iinkxalabo malunga neegonyo, ungoyiki ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngayo loo nto. Baza kukuchazela yonke into. Kungcono ukuba ukhuselekile kunokuba uzisole.
Nanini na xa kufuneka ubonane nogqirha
Kukho iimeko ezininzi apho kufuneka ubone ugqirha ngoko nangoko:
- Ukuba unemibuzo malunga nogonyo lwe-tetanus.
- Ukuba ukhe wadibana nomntu one-shingles.
- Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu zikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla.
- Ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu ezintsha okanye ezingachazwanga.
Ungalibali: Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, ingakumbi ukuba unengxaki yokuphefumla , musa ukuchitha ixesha kwaye uye kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane. Unyango olukhawulezileyo lunokusindisa ubomi.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Diphtheria sisifo esiyingozi nesisasazekayo esibangelwa yintsholongwane.
- Uphawu oluphambili noluyingozi kakhulu kukwakheka kwefilimu engwevu engqindilili emqaleni, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuphefumla.
- Esi sifo sinokusasazeka ngokuthimla, ukukhohlela, kunye nokudibana nezinto ezinesi sifo.
- Eyona ndlela ilungileyo nesebenzayo yokuzikhusela kwi-measles kukugonywa ngexesha. Qinisekisa ukuba wena nabantwana bakho ninezitofu ezisemgangathweni.
- Ukuba kuvela iimpawu ezinzima ezifana nobunzima bokuphefumla, musa ukulibazisa kwaye yiya kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
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