Yintoni i-DIC? Imeko eyingozi apho igazi liqhekeka emzimbeni (i-Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation)

Khawuthelekelele ukopha ngequbuliso okungalawulekiyo emzimbeni wakho wonke, uze ude ugruzuke yonke indawo. Oku kuyoyikisa ngokwenene, akunjalo? Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesimo esibi kangaka, kodwa esingaqhelekanga. Esi sibizwa ngokuba yiDisseminated Intravascular Coagulation ngokwezonyango, okanye iDIC ngamafutshane. Masithethe ngale nto ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.

Kalula nje, yintoni i-DIC?

I-DIC yingxaki enzima kakhulu neyinzulu eyenzeka kwinkqubo yethu yokuqunjelwa kwegazi. Kwenzeka into engaqhelekanga kakhulu koku. Kwelinye icala, inani elikhulu lamaqhuqhuva egazi amancinci liqala ukwakheka ngokungeyomfuneko ngaphakathi kwimithambo yegazi yomzimba. Kwelinye icala, oku kubangela eyona nto ibalulekileyo enceda ukuba iqhuqhuva legazi liphume, nto leyo ebangela ukopha okungalawulekiyo .

Zithini iimpawu ze-DIC?

Kule meko, zombini iinkqubo zokujiya kwegazi kunye nezokopha igazi zenzeka ngaxeshanye, ngoko ke iimpawu zinokuvela ezinxulumene nazo zombini.

Kutheni le nto i-DIC isenzeka? Makhe siyijonge ngeenkcukacha ezithe vetshe.

Ukuze sikuqonde oku, kufuneka siqale siqonde kancinci ngendlela imizimba yethu edla ngokujiya ngayo. Khawuthelekelele ukuba unenxeba elincinci engalweni yakho. Ngelo xesha, iiplatelets egazini lethu kunye nezinto ezijiyayo ezenziwe sisibindi ziyadibana ukuze zivale inxeba kwaye ziyeke ukopha. Kufana nokusebenzisa izitena (iiplatelets) kunye nesamente (iiproteni) ukuvala umngxuma eludongeni.

Kodwa kwimeko ye-DIC, le nkqubo iphazamiseke ngokupheleleyo.

Inqanaba lesibini lemeko ye-DIC

1. Inqanaba 1 (Amahlwili Egazi): Ngenxa yesifo esibi, amawakawaka amahlwili egazi amancinci aqala ukwakheka kwimithambo yegazi emincinci emzimbeni wonke. Oku kuthintela ukuhanjiswa kwegazi kwizitho eziphambili ezifana nengqondo, izintso, kunye nemiphunga. Kufana nokuba zonke iindlela ezincinci kwisixeko zivaliwe ngequbuliso.

2. Inqanaba lesi-2 (Ukopha): Ngokwenza amahlwili egazi angafunekiyo, umzimba wethu usebenzisa zonke iiplatelets kunye neeproteni zokunqanda igazi. Ngoku, ukuba kukho inxeba, umzimba awunazo "izitena nesamente" ezifunekayo ukuze ulivale. Isiphumo sokopha kakhulu, okungalawulekiyo.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuba ne-DIC?

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, oku kungenxa yesinye isifo esinzima. Ngoko ke, abantu abanezi meko zilandelayo basengozini enkulu yokuba ne-DIC:

Oogqirha bayifumana njani le nto?

I-DIC idla ngokuvela kumntu osele esibhedlele kwaye efumana unyango lwesifo esinzulu. Ugqirha wakho uza kuhlola ngononophelo iimpawu zakho kunye nembali yakho yezonyango. Ukongeza, baza kwenza uvavanyo lwegazi olukhethekileyo oluninzi ukuqinisekisa imeko.

• Ubalo lweGazi olupheleleyo (CBC): Jonga ukuba inani leeplatelet liphantsi na.
• Ixesha leProthrombin (PT) kunye neXesha leParaly Thromboplastin (PTT): Linganisa ixesha elithathwayo ukuze igazi lijiye.
• Uvavanyo lwe-Fibrinogen: Lujonga inqanaba leproteni enceda ukujiya kwegazi.
• Uvavanyo lwe-D-dimer: Into eveliswa xa amahlwili egazi eqhekeka emzimbeni. Amanqanaba aphezulu ale nto luphawu oluphambili lwe-DIC.

Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?

Inyathelo elibalulekileyo nelokuqala ekunyangeni i-DIC kukunyanga imeko yezonyango esisiseko (umz., i-sepsis) ebangele le meko. I-DIC yodwa ayinakunyangwa ngaphandle kokunyanga loo nto.

Ngelixa benikezela ngonyango lokuqala, oogqirha benza oku kulandelayo ukulawula i-DIC:

• Utofelo-gazi: Ukubuyisela iiproteni (izinto ezibangela ukujiya kwegazi) ezifunekayo ukuze igazi lijiye.
• Ukunikezelwa kweePlatelet kunye neeseli ezibomvu zegazi: Buyisela iiplatelet kunye neeseli ezibomvu zegazi eziye zaphela ngenxa yokopha.
• Izinto ezilwa nokugabha igazi:Kwezinye iimeko, la mayeza (anciphisa igazi) anikwa ukulawula amahlwili egazi angafunekiyo.

Kunini apho kufuneka ngequbuliso ubonane nogqirha?

Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo ugula kakhulu kwaye ezi mpawu zilandelayo zivele ngequbuliso, yiya kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele ngoko nangoko .

• Ukuba kukho ukopha okukhulu oko akunakunqandwa .
• Ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu zokuhlaselwa yintliziyo (iintlungu eziqatha esifubeni, ubunzima bokuphefumla).
• Ukuba iimpawu zestroke (ukugoba kwelinye icala lobuso, ubunzima bokuthetha, ukuphelelwa yimvakalelo engalweni) ziyavela.

Ngaba i-DIC inganyangeka ngokupheleleyo?

Ewe, kunokwenzeka ngokuqinisekileyo. Ukuba unobangela we-DIC ulawulwa ngempumelelo , isigulana sinokuchacha ngokupheleleyo. Unyango oluxhasayo, olufana notofelo-gazi kunye notofelo-gazi, lunokunceda ukubuyisela inkqubo yokujiya kwegazi.

Ukuba ne-DIC kuthetha ukuba sele ulwa nenye imeko yezempilo enzulu. Ngoko ke, kunokuba nzima ukujongana nale ngxaki yongezelelekileyo. Kodwa, landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngokuchanekileyo.

• Sela amayeza amiselweyo ngexesha elimiselweyo nangedosi emiselweyo. Musa ukuyeka ukuthatha naliphi na iyeza okanye utshintshe idosi ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha wakho.
• Musa ukusebenzisa amayeza okudambisa iintlungu, iivithamini, okanye ezinye izongezo ezithengwe kwikhemesti ngaphandle kokubonisana nogqirha wakho.
• Ukuba uthatha amayeza okunciphisa igazi, yazisa ugqirha ngamnye okuxilongayo.

Kuqhelekile ukuba noloyiko xa ufumanisa ngesi sifo sinzima kangaka. Kodwa khumbula, ilizwe lethu linoogqirha abanezakhono kunye nabasebenzi basezibhedlele abaqeqeshwe ukulawula ezi meko zinzima kangaka. Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubathemba nokufuna unyango.