Masifunde ngamandla engqondo yakho: i-cerebral cortex.

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba ingqondo yakho intsonkothe ​​kangakanani na? Indlela esithetha ngayo, indlela esifunda ngayo izinto ezintsha, indlela esikhumbula ngayo izinto ezindala, indlela esihleka ngayo, esilila ngayo, nesenza ngayo izigqibo, konke oku kuxhaswa yingqondo yethu. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngenxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu yengqondo, leyo isebenza njenge `(CPU)` yekhompyutha - i-cerebral cortex , okanye njengoko sitsho ngesiNgesi, `(Cerebral Cortex)`.

Yintoni i-cerebral cortex?

Ngamafutshane, ingqondo yakho inomaleko wezicubu ezibizwa ngokuba yi-cerebral cortex, olulo maleko ungaphandle kwengqondo. Ifana nesigqubuthelo esijikeleze yonke indawo. Ngaba wakha wayibona imifanekiso yengqondo enemibimbi? Loo mibimbi ikwi-cerebral cortex. Le mibimbi yiyo evumela ulwazi oluninzi ukuba lucutshungulwe kwindawo encinci. Khawuthelekelele ilaphu elikhulu eligoqwe libe yibhokisi encinci. Le mibimbi inemiqolo enzulu ebizwa ngokuba yi-sulci, kunye neenduli eziphakamileyo ezibizwa ngokuba yi-gyri. Ezi zandisa indawo yomphezulu we-cerebral cortex, zivumela iiseli zemithambo-luvo ezininzi ukuba zisebenze. Ubusazi ukuba i-cerebral cortex yenza malunga nesiqingatha sobunzima bobuchopho bakho bonke!

Le nxalenye yobuchopho ebizwa ngokuba yi-cerebral cortex ineeleya ezintandathu 'zeeseli zemithambo-luvo'. Khawuthelekelele, kukho phakathi kwe-14 kunye ne-16 yeebhiliyoni 'zeeseli zemithambo-luvo' kule ndawo incinci. Kwaye ingamamilimitha amabini ukuya kwamane kuphela (mm 2-4) ubukhulu. Oko kuthetha ukuba ifana ne-membrane encinci kakhulu.

I-cortex yethu yobuchopho yahlulwe yangamacandelo amane aphambili, okanye iingingqi . Ezi zezi:

1. I-Lobe yangaphambili

2. I-Parietal Lobe

3. I-Lobe yexeshana

4. I-Occipital Lobe

Nganye kwezi ndawo yenza umsebenzi owahlukileyo. Ngokubanzi, i-cerebral cortex inoxanduva lweenkqubo ezininzi zengqondo zomntu ezikumgangatho ophezulu . Umzekelo, izinto ezinje ngolwimi, inkumbulo, ukuqiqa, ukucinga, ukufunda, ukwenza izigqibo, iimvakalelo, ubukrelekrele, kunye nobuntu.

Kutheni le nto le cortex yobuchopho ibizwa ngokuba yi-"grey matter"?

Mhlawumbi ukhe weva ngengqondo eyahlulwe yaba ziinxalenye ezimbini, "i-grey matter" kunye "ne-white matter." Umaleko wangaphandle wobuchopho, obizwa ngokuba yi-cerebral cortex, ngowe -grey matter . Kungenxa yokuba le nxalenye iqulethe imizimba yeeseli zeeseli zemithambo-luvo kunye namacandelo abizwa ngokuba yi-"dendrites." "Ii-Dendrites" ziindawo ezifana nefayibha ezinceda iseli yemithambo-luvo ifumane imiyalezo yeekhemikhali evela kwenye iseli. Ezi ndawo zeeseli zemithambo-luvo zingwevu kuba azinawo amafutha agqunywe yi-"myelin."

Emva koko into emhlopheYintoni "iWhite Matter"? Yenziwe ngamalungu amade, afana neentonga zeeseli zemithambo-luvo ezibizwa ngokuba yi "Axons." Ezijikelezwe yi "axons" kukho i "Myelin" ekhankanyiweyo ngaphambili, isigqubuthelo esinamafutha esimhlophe. Loo "Myelin" yiyo enika ezo zicubu umbala wazo omhlophe.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-cerebral cortex kunye ne-cerebrum?

Oku kungabonakala kuyinkimbinkimbi kancinci, kodwa kulula. I-cerebrum yeyona nxalenye inkulu yobuchopho bakho. Umaleko ongaphandle we-cerebrum ubizwa ngokuba yi-cerebral cortex . Ufana nolusu lwesiqhamo.

Ingqondo yahlula ubuchopho bethu bube zii-hemispheres ezimbini, elasekunene nelasekhohlo. Ezi hemispheres zimbini ziqhagamshelwe yinqwaba yee-nerve fibers ezibizwa ngokuba yi-corpus callosum. Le corpus callosum ivumela ezi hemispheres zimbini ukuba zinxibelelane.

Yintoni le ngqondo intsha (iNeocortex)?

Uninzi lwe-cerebral cortex yethu lulobu buchopho butsha obubizwa ngokuba yi-"Neocortex". Igama elithi "Neo" lithetha "intsha". Libizwa ngokuba le nxalenye yavela kutshanje ekuveleni kwezilwanyana ezinethambo lomqolo. Le ngqondo intsha yenza i-90% ye-cerebral cortex yomntu.

Zithini izinto ezinamandla kwi-cerebral cortex yethu? (Umsebenzi)

Sele sitshilo ukuba i-cerebral cortex ibandakanyeka kwiinkqubo ezininzi zengqondo zethu ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Izinto ezifana nokuqiqa, iimvakalelo, iingcinga, inkumbulo, ulwimi, kunye nokuqonda. Ngoku makhe sijonge okwenzekayo kwezi ndawo zine ziphambili ze-cerebral cortex.

1. Umphathi ophambili: I-Frontal Lobe

Oku kuphambi kwengqondo yakho, ngasemva kwebunzi. Kusebenza njengomphathi eofisini. Nazi ezinye zezinto ezinceda ngazo ibunzi:

• Ukwenza izigqibo, ukusombulula iingxaki.
• Iingcinga eziqondayo. (Izinto esizicingayo ngabom)
• Ingqalelo.
• Ukulawula iimvakalelo kunye nokuziphatha.
• Ukuveliswa kwentetho. (Ukwakha amagama esiwathethayo)
• Ubuntu. (Iimpawu zethu)
• Ubukrelekrele.
• Iintshukumo zomzimba.

Kukho ezinye iindawo ezikhethekileyo kule bunzi:

• I-Motor Cortex : Kulapho imiyalezo ithunyelwa khona ukuhambisa izihlunu emzimbeni wethu.
• I -Prefrontal Cortex: Yile nto ilawula oko kubizwa ngokuba "yimisebenzi yolawulo." Oko kukuthi, izinto ezifana nokucinga, ukucwangcisa, kunye nokusombulula iingxaki. Isebenza njengomphathi olawula ezinye iindawo zobuchopho.
• Indawo kaBroca : Le ndawo isinceda ukuba sidibanise amagama ngokuchanekileyo size sakhe izivakalisi xa sithetha.

2. Ingcali yokubona: I-Occipital Lobe

Oku kungasemva kwengqondo. Njengoko igama lisitsho, umsebenzi walo ophambiliUkulawula izinto ezinxulumene nombono.

• Ukucubungula nokuqonda ulwazi olubonakalayo. (Ukuqonda oko sikubonayo ngamehlo ethu)
• Ukuqokelela idatha ebonakalayo efana nombala, intshukumo, kunye nokujongwa kwendawo.
• Ukuqondwa kwezinto kunye nobuso.
• Ukuqonda ubunzulu kunye nomgama.
• Ukwakha ihlabathi esilibonayo engqondweni yethu njengemephu.

3. Ingcali yeemvakalelo kunye nendawo: I-Parietal Lobe

Iphakathi kwe-frontal lobe kunye ne-occipital lobe, ngaphezulu kwe-concha lobe. Umsebenzi wayo kuku:

• Ukucubungula ulwazi lweemvakalelo ezifana nokuchukumisa, uxinzelelo, intlungu, indawo, ukungcangcazela, kunye nobushushu.
• Ukulungiswa kwendawo kunye nokuphathwa kwendawo. Oko kukuthi, ukubonelela ngokuqonda okunemilinganiselo emithathu yendawo okuyo kunye nendawo ekungqongileyo. Umzekelo, le nxalenye ikunceda uhambe ngendlela yakho phakathi kwezinto ezixineneyo ekhayeni lakho ngaphandle kokukhubeka, okanye xa uhamba esitalatweni.

Indawo ekhethekileyo kule ndawo esecaleni yi -somatosensory cortex. Kulapho sifumana khona iimvakalelo (iimvakalelo) ezivela kuyo yonke imizimba yethu.

Khawucinge ngale meko: Ufikelela etafileni ukuze uthabathe ikomityi yesuphu eshushu.

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* I-motor cortex ekwi- frontal lobe yakho yiyo exelela izihlunu ezisesandleni sakho nakwiminwe yakho ukuba "zithathe indebe."

* Xa uchukumisa indebe, i-cortex yakho ye-somatosensory kwi- parietal lobe yakho ihlola izinto ezifana nobushushu bayo kunye nokuba kufuneka uyibambe nzima kangakanani.

* Kwangaxeshanye, amandla okucubungula indawo kwiplane esecaleni akuvumela ukuba ulinganise ngokuchanekileyo umgama wekomityi xa uthelekiswa netafile nezinye izinto, kwaye uyibambe ngaphandle kokuphosa.

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Ngaba ukhe wayibona indlela emangalisayo ngayo into yokuba inxalenye nganye yengqondo isebenza kunye?

4. Umphulaphuli kunye noMgcini weMemori: I-Temporal Lobe

Oku kuphakathi kwe-frontal lobe kunye ne-parietal lobe, ngaphantsi kwe-lateral lobe. Kufana nokuba kwicala ngalinye lendlebe. Umsebenzi wayo kuku:

• Ukuqonda ulwimi, ukwakheka kwamagama, ukufunda.
• Inkumbulo (ingakumbi ukukhumbula izinto ezintsha)
• Ukuva. (Ukuqondwa kwesandi)
• Ukuqonda unxibelelwano olungengomlomo (umz., imbonakalo yobuso, ithoni yelizwi)
• Ukuguqula izandi zibe yimifanekiso ebonakalayo.

Indawo ebalulekileyo kule layer ye-concha yiWernicke's Area . Le ndawo isinceda siqonde ulwimi olusekelwe kwithoni kunye neepateni zesandi zelizwi lomntu xa ethetha, kwaye isinceda sidibanise izandi nezo zifundwe ngaphambili.

Enye indlela yokuyijonga: iindawo ezisebenzayo

Ezinye izazinzulu zijonga ubuchopho ngenye indlela. Zihlela iindawo ze-cerebral cortex zibe ziintlobo ezintathu eziphambili ngokusekelwe kwimisebenzi yazo: iindawo zeemvakalelo, iindawo zokunyakaza, kunye neendawo zokunxibelelana.

1. Iindawo Ezinovakalelo

Ezi ndawo zifumana ulwazi lweemvakalelo ezivela kwiimvakalelo zethu nakwindawo esingqongileyo.

• Ukuqonda ulwazi olubonakalayo kunye nokuqaphela izinto. (Oku kwenziwa yi- visual cortex kwi-parietal lobe.)
• Ukufumana ulwazi oluvela emzimbeni olufana nokuchukumisa, ubushushu, indawo, ukungcangcazela, uxinzelelo, kunye nentlungu. (Oku kwenziwa yi -somatosensory cortex kwi-lateral plane.)
• Ukucutshungulwa kolwazi lokuva. (Oku kwenziwa yi-cortex yokuva kwi-cochlea.)
• Ukuqonda incasa. (Oku kwenziwa yi -gustatory cortex kwi-frontal lobe.)

2. Iindawo zeeMoto

Ezi ndawo zibandakanyeka kwiintshukumo zethu zemisipha ngokuzithandela, ezilawulwa ikakhulu yi-frontal lobe.

• Ukulungelelaniswa kweentshukumo zemisipha.
• Ukucwangcisa iintshukumo ezinzima.
• Ukufunda ngokuxelisa novelwano.

3. Iindawo zoNxibelelwano

Ezi ndawo zisasazeke kuzo zonke iindawo ezine. Zidibanisa ulwazi oluvela kwiindawo zeemvakalelo nezeemoto, nto leyo enegalelo kwiinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo ngakumbi.

• Ukucwangcisa ulwazi oluvela kwiindawo zeemvakalelo kunye nezithuthi kunye nokunika intsingiselo yalo.
• Ukulawula ubuntu kunye nokuziphatha ngokweemvakalelo.
• Ukuqonda indawo kunye nokuqiqa.
• Ukulungiswa kwememori.
• Ukucinga ngokubona nokugcina iinkumbulo ezibonakalayo.
• Ukwakha ngolwazi olubonakalayo, iinkumbulo, izandi, kunye nolwimi.

Ingonakaliswa njani i-cerebral cortex?

Indawo ebaluleke kangaka ingonakaliswa ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo:

• Iithumba zobuchopho
• Ukulimala kakhulu entloko (iTrauma)
• Ezinye izifo ezihlasela umzimba
• Ingozi yemithambo yegazi (oko kukuthi, ukopha ebuchotsheni okanye "iStroke")

Ziziphi iimpawu ezinokubakho ukuba i-cerebral cortex yonakele?

Oku kuxhomekeke ekubeni loluphi udidi lwe-cerebral cortex olonakeleyo .

Ukuba i-lobe yangaphambili yonakele:

• Iingxaki zememori.
• Utshintsho kubuntu.
• Ubunzima bokusombulula iingxaki nokwenza izigqibo.
• Iingxaki zokungahoyi.
• Ubuthathaka ekulawuleni iimvakalelo, ukuziphatha okuchasene nabantu, kunye notshintsho kwiindlela zokuziphatha.
• Ukungakwazi ukuqonda okanye ukuthetha intetho (i-Aphasia).
• Ubunzima bokuthetha (i-Apraxia).
• Ubuthathaka, ukukhubazeka, ukulahlekelwa kulawulo lwemisipha kwelinye icala lomzimba (iFlaccid Hemiplegia).
• Ukongeza, iimeko ezifana ne-dementia zinokubangela umonakalo kwi-frontal lobe.

Ukuba i-lobe ye-parietal yonakele:

• Iingxaki ngokwakhiwa kwememori.
• Ubunzima okanye ukungakwazi ukubhala (i-Agraphia).
• Ubunzima bokusombulula iingxaki zezibalo.
• Ukuba ndindisholo.
• Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo.
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwentsebenziswano yesandla neliso.
• Ukungakwazi ukubona izinto ngokuzichukumisa zodwa (i-Astereognosis).
• Ukulahlekelwa yimvakalelo.
• Ubunzima bokuthetha `(Aphasia)`.
• Ubunzima bokushukuma `(Apraxia)`.

Ukuba i-temporal lobe yonakele:

• Ubunzima bokuva.
• Iingxaki zememori.
• Ubunzima bokubona ubuso nezinto.
• Ukuphazamiseka kolwimi (umz., i-Wernicke's Aphasia - ubunzima bokuqonda ulwimi).
• Ukongeza, iimeko ezinje ngokuxhuzula, i-developmental dyslexia, kunye nesifo sika-Alzheimer nazo zingonakalisa i-concha.

Ukuba i-occipital lobe yonakele:

• Ubunzima bokubona izinto ezininzi ngaxeshanye.
• Ubunzima bokubona izinto ngokubona.
• Ukungaboni umbala.
• Ukungaboni kakuhle okubandakanya umbono.
• Ndingaboni ngokupheleleyo.

Oku kusenokuvakala kunzima kuwe, kodwa kubalulekile ukwazi olu lwazi. Kuba ngoko sinokuyinyamekela ngcono impilo yethu, ingakumbi ingqondo yethu. Olu lwazi luya kusinceda sifune iingcebiso zonyango ngokukhawuleza ukuba sineempawu.

Isishwankathelo: Izinto Ekufuneka Uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Omele Uwuthathe Uwuthathe Uwuthathe Uwuthathe Ekhaya)

Kulungile, masiphinde sichaze iingongoma eziphambili koko sithethe ngako namhlanje:

• I-cerebral cortex lulwaleko olungaphandle lobuchopho bethu. Lune-corrugated, nto leyo evumela iiseli ezininzi zemithambo-luvo ukuba zisebenze.
• Yahlulwe yangamacandelo amane aphambili : i-frontal lobe, i-parietal lobe, i-temporal lobe, kunye ne-occipital lobe.
• Le cortex yobuchopho ibalulekile phantse kuzo zonke iinkqubo zethu zengqondo ezikumgangatho ophezulu , ezinje ngokucinga, inkumbulo, ukufunda, ulwimi, iimvakalelo, kunye nokwenza izigqibo.
• Ukonakala kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ze-cerebral cortex kunokubangela iingxaki ngemisebenzi enxulumene naloo nxalenye. Umzekelo, ubunzima bokuthetha, iingxaki zenkumbulo, kunye neengxaki zokubona.
• Ingqondo yakho sisitho esimangalisayo nesixabisekileyo . Luxanduva lwakho ukuyinyamekela. Yitya ukutya okunempilo engqondweni, uzilolonge, ulale ngokwaneleyo, kwaye uzame ukunciphisa uxinzelelo.

Ngoko ke, ndiyathemba ukuba ufumene ukuqonda okuhle nge-cerebral cortex namhlanje. Ukuzazi izinto ezinje kubaluleke kakhulu kubomi bethu.

I- Cerebral Cortex, Umsebenzi woBuchongo, Iinxalenye zoBuchongo, Inkqubo yeNervous, iMemori, Ukufunda, i-Frontal lobe, i-Lateral lobe, i-Concha lobe, i-Parietal lobe