Ingaba umntwana wakho unazo ezi mpawu? Masithethe ngeDown Syndrome

Ngaba wakha waphawula ukuba ezinye iintsana ziziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo kunezinye, kwaye inkangeleko yazo yahlukile kancinci? Mhlawumbi nawe ukhe wacinga ngendlela efanayo ngomntwana wakho. Ngamaxesha anjalo, umbuzo omnye oza engqondweni yethu ngulo, "Yintoni le?" Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngemeko efuna ingqalelo ekhethekileyo, leyo yiDown Syndrome. Ungakhathazeki, siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni iDown Syndrome? Ngamafutshane...

I-Down Syndrome yimeko yemfuza. Oko kukuthi, ibangelwa yi -chromosome eyongezelelweyo emzimbeni womntwana xa ezalwa. Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza ukuba zeziphi ezi chromosome. Ngaphakathi kwiiseli ezincinci emizimbeni yethu, kukho izinto ezibonakala ngathi ziibhola ezincinci zentambo. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba zii-chromosome. Ezi zezona zinto zimisela izinto ezininzi malunga nenkangeleko yethu, ubude, umbala, kunye nobuchule bethu.

Ngokwesiqhelo, sonke sinezibini ezingama-23 zezi chromosomes kwiseli nganye. Oko kukuthi, iichromosomes ezingama-46 zizonke. Nangona kunjalo, umntwana one-Down syndrome unekopi eyongezelelweyo yechromosome 21, oko kuthetha enye engaphezulu. Emva koko inani lilonke leechromosomes kwiiseli zakhe liba ngama-47. Kungenxa yale chromosome eyongezelelweyo ukuba ingqondo nomzimba womntwana zikhule ngokwahlukileyo kancinci.

Ngubani onokuba neDown Syndrome?

I-Down syndrome inokuchaphazela nabani na. Yeyofuzo kwaye ayibangelwa yiyo nantoni na eyenziwa ngumama okanye ngutata ngaphambi okanye ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Uninzi lwexesha, yenzeka ngokungacwangciswanga, oko kuthetha ukuba iyenzeka yodwa. Idla ngokudluliselwa kwisizukulwana ukuya kwesinye xa iqanda kunye nesidoda kudibana.

Ziziphi izinto ezibangela umngcipheko we-Down Syndrome?

Oku kusaphandwa. Nangona kunjalo, izifundo zibonise ukuba umngcipheko wokuba nomntwana one-Down syndrome unokwanda kancinci njengoko umama ekhula . Oomama abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-35 banamathuba amaninzi okuba nomntwana one-Down syndrome okanye ezinye iimeko zofuzo.

Kodwa oku akuthethi ukuba oomama abancinci abayifumani le meko. Ngenxa yokuba izinga lokuzala liphezulu koomama abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-35, uninzi lweentsana ezine-Down syndrome zizalwa ngoomama abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-35. Ke ngoko, ubudala abuyonto yodwa ebangela oku.

Ixhaphake kangakanani iDown Syndrome?

Xa kuthelekiswa namazwe afana neMelika, iDown Syndrome yimeko eqhelekileyo ye-chromosome. Malunga neentsana ezingama-6,000 zizalwa zinemeko enjalo minyaka le apho. Oko kuthetha ukuba malunga nentsana enye kwi-700 ezizalwayo inokuba nale meko. Kukho nabantwana abanale meko eSri Lanka, ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukukwazi oku.

Zithini iimpawu zomntwana oneDown Syndrome?

I-Down syndrome inokubangela iimpawu zomzimba, zengqondo, kunye nokuziphatha. Nangona kunjalo, ayingomntwana ngamnye onazo zonke ezi mpawu, kwaye uhlobo lweempawu lunokwahluka ukusuka komnye umntwana ukuya komnye.

Iimpawu zomzimba (utshintsho kwinkangeleko)

Ezi mpawu zihlala zibonakala xa umntwana ezalwa, kwaye zinokubonakala ngakumbi njengoko umntwana ekhula.

• Ibhulorho iNahe ithe tyaba kancinci .
• Amehlo abonakala ngathi ajonge phezulu .
• Intamo imfutshane kancinci .
• Iindlebe, izandla, neenyawo zincinci kunesiqhelo .
• Ukuba nobuthathaka bemisipha (ukuthamba) ekuzalweni.
• Umnwe omncinci wesandla uthambekele ngaphakathi (ngasesithupheni) .
• Ubukho bomgca omnye onzulu entendeni yesandla (i-palmar crease).
• Ukuba ngaphantsi kobude obuqhelekileyo .

Njengoko umntwana wakho ekhula, iimpawu ezongezelelweyo zinokuvela ngenxa yendlela umzimba wakhe owakhula ngayo ngexesha wayesesibelekweni. Umzekelo:

• Usulelo lwendlebe okanye ukulahlekelwa kukuva.
• Iingxaki zokubona okanye izifo zamehlo .
• Iingxaki zamazinyo .
• Utyekelo oluphezulu lokufumana usulelo okanye izifo ezixhaphakileyo.
• I-obstructive sleep apnea, imeko apho ukuphefumla kuyeka ngexesha lokulala.
• Isifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso .

Ugqirha wakho uza kujonga rhoqo iimeko ezinje.

Iimpawu zengqondo nezophuhliso

Umntwana wakho one-Down syndrome unokuba nemingeni ethile ekuphuhlisweni kwengqondo ngenxa ye-chromosome eyongezelelweyo. Oku kunokukhokelela ekukhubazekeni kwengqondo okanye ekuphuhlisweni . Umntwana wakho usenokungakwazi ukwenza izinto ekufuneka azenze kwiminyaka ethile, oko kukuthi, usenokungafikeleli kwimigangatho yophuhliso ngesantya esifanayo nabanye abantwana. Umzekelo:

• Ukuhamba nokuhamba (izakhono zokunyakaza ezipheleleyo nezicokisekileyo).
• Ukuthetha (izakhono zokuphuhlisa ulwimi).
• Ukufunda (izakhono zokuqonda).
• Ukudlala (izakhono zentlalo nezeemvakalelo).

Ngenxa yesi sizathu, umntwana wakho angathabatha ixesha elide ukwenza ezi zinto:

• Uqeqesho lwendlu yangasese.
• Ukuthetha amazwi okuqala.
• Ukuthatha inyathelo lokuqala.
• Ukutya wedwa.

Cinga nje, abanye abantwana bahamba xa benonyaka omnye, abanye xa benonyaka onesiqingatha. Umntwana one-Down syndrome usenokungaqali ukuhamba de abe neminyaka emibini ubudala. Le yinxalenye yendalo yokukhula kwakhe.

Iimpawu zokuziphatha

Umntwana one-Down syndrome unokubonakalisa iimpawu ezithile zokuziphatha. Oku kusenokuba kungenxa yokuba akakwazi ukunxibelelana nawe okanye nabanakekeli bakhe ngeemfuno zakhe ngokucacileyo. Usenokubona ezi mpawu:

• Ukuba nenkani kunye nomsindo ophantsi .
• Ubunzima bokugxila .
• Ukuziphatha okugqithisileyo okanye okunyanzelekileyo kukuthambekela ekubeni likhoboka kakhulu lezinto ezithile okanye ukuphinda izinto ezifanayo .

Yintoni ebangela iDown Syndrome?

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, eyona nto ibangela i-Down syndrome kukubakho kwe -chromosome eyongezelelweyo . Ngokukodwa, ibangelwa kukutshintsha kwendlela iiseli ezahlukana ngayo kwi-chromosome 21. Wonke umntu one-Down syndrome une-chromosome eyongezelelweyo 21 kwezinye okanye kuzo zonke iiseli zakhe.

Kukho iintlobo ezintathu ze-Down syndrome, nganye inezizathu ezahlukeneyo.

• ITrisomy 21 `(Trisomy 21)`
• Ukufuduka
• Unqulo lukaMosaic

Yintoni iTrisomy 21?

Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwe-Down Syndrome. "I-Trisomy" ithetha ukuba nekopi eyongezelelweyo ye-chromosome. Kwi-Trisomy 21, iseli nganye kwimveku esakhulayo ineekopi ezintathu ze-chromosome 21. Ngokwesiqhelo, zimbini kuphela. Olu hlobo lubandakanya ama-95% abantu abane-Down Syndrome.

Yintoni iTranslocation Down syndrome?

Kolu hlobo, yonke okanye inxalenye yechromosome 21 incamathele kwenye ichromosome. Ngokungafaniyo ne-trisomy 21, apho endaweni yokuba nekopi eyongezelelweyo yechromosome 21 yodwa, incamathele kwichromosome enenani elahlukileyo. Olu hlobo lubonwa kubantu abangaphantsi kwe-4% abane-Down syndrome.

Yintoni i-Mosaic Down syndrome?

Olu lolona hlobo lunqabileyo lwe-Down Syndrome. Luvela ngaphantsi kwe-1% yazo zonke iimeko. I-"Mosaicism" ithetha ukuba ezinye iiseli zinee-chromosomes eziqhelekileyo ezingama-46, ngelixa ezinye zinee-chromosomes ezingama-47 (kuquka ne-chromosome eyongezelelweyo engama-21). Ijongeka njenge-mosaic eyenziwe ngamatye anemibala eyahlukeneyo. Yiyo loo nto ibizwa ngokuba yi-mosaic.

I-Down Syndrome ingafunyaniswa njani ngaphambi kokuba umntwana azalwe?

Ezinye iimvavanyo ezenziwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa zinokubangela amathandabuzo koogqirha malunga ne-Down syndrome. Ezinye iimvavanyo zinokuqinisekisa imeko.

Uvavanyo lokuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokuzalwa

Olu vavanyo lujonga kuphela ukuba umntwana wakho usemngciphekweni wokuba neDown syndrome. Alunakuqinisekisa ukuba umntwana wakho usengozini yokuba neDown syndrome.Oku kungabandakanya uvavanyo lwegazi okanye i-ultrasound scan kamama. Ngexesha le-scan, ugqirha ukhangela iimpawu zento efana nolwelo olongezelelweyo emva kwentamo yomntwana. Ngamanye amaxesha, nokuba olu vavanyo lwasekuqaleni luqhelekile, umntwana usenokuba ne-Down syndrome.

Uvavanyo lokuxilonga ngexesha lokukhulelwa

Ezi mvavanyo zinokuqinisekisa i-Down Syndrome. Ezi zilingo zihlala zenziwa ukuba iimvavanyo zovavanyo ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla zibonisa ukuba kukho umngcipheko. Ekubeni ezi mvavanyo zinokuba yingozi encinci kumama nakumntwana osesiswini, ugqirha uzicebisa kuphela emva kokucingisisa ngononophelo. Imizekelo:

• I-Amniocentesis: Uvavanyo olubandakanya ukusela ulwelo oluncinci olujikeleze usana.
• Isampuli yeChorionic villus (CVS): Inkqubo apho kuthathwa khona iqhekeza elincinci leplacenta lize lihlolwe.
• I-Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling (PUBS): Uvavanyo olubandakanya ukuthatha igazi elincinci kwi-umbilical cord.

Olu vavanyo lunokubona ngokuchanekileyo utshintsho kwii-chromosomes.

Ifunyanwa njani iDown Syndrome emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe?

Emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe, oogqirha bayamhlola umntwana ukuze babone iimpawu zomzimba ezikhankanyiweyo ngaphambili. Ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, kukho uvavanyo olukhethekileyo oluthatha igazi lomntwana, olubizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lwe-karyotype . Oku kubandakanya ukuthatha isampuli yegazi lomntwana uze uyijonge phantsi kwe-microscope ukuze ubone ukuba umntwana unayo na i-chromosome engama-21 eyongezelelweyo.

Wenza ntoni xa ufumanisa ukuba umntwana wakho osesiswini une-Down Syndrome?

Ukufumanisa ukuba umntwana wakho une-Down syndrome kunokuba sisigqibo esinzima kakhulu. Kodwa khumbula ukuba awuwedwa. Ugqirha wakho uya kukwazi ukukunceda ufumane izixhobo, iinkonzo zokunika iingcebiso kunye namaqela enkxaso owadingayo.

Ngamaxesha anje, kuyanceda kakhulu ukufumana iingcebiso, okanye ukujoyina iqela lenkxaso apho abanye abazali babantwana abaneDown syndrome bedibana khona. Apho, unokwabelana ngamava abo, ufumane iingcebiso ezisebenzayo, kwaye ufumane amandla. Kufana nokuba xa kukho ingxaki kwilali yethu, wonke umntu uyadibana ukuze ancede.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-Down Syndrome?

Akukho nyango lweDown Syndrome. Nangona kunjalo, kukho unyango oluninzi kunye neenkxaso ezikhoyo ukunceda umntwana wakho akhule ngokupheleleyo aze aphile ubomi obonwabisayo. Olu nyango lwenzelwe ukunceda umntwana akhule ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwengqondo. Imizekelo ibandakanya:

• Unyango lomzimba okanye unyango lomsebenzi .
• Unyango lokuthetha.
• EsikolweniUkuthatha inxaxheba kwiinkqubo zemfundo ekhethekileyo.
• Ukunyanga ezinye iimeko zempilo ezifihlakeleyo .
• Ukunxiba iiglasi xa uneengxaki zokubona okanye ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokuncedisa ukuva xa uneengxaki zokuva.

Ngubani ofanele abe kwiqela lokunyamekela umntwana wam?

Ukuba umntwana wakho une-Down syndrome, kuya kufuneka abone iingcali ezahlukeneyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba usempilweni. Eli qela lingaquka:

• Ababoneleli ngeenkonzo zokhathalelo oluphambili : Jonga ukukhula komntwana wakho, ukukhula kwakhe, ukugonywa kwakhe, kunye nemiba yempilo ngokubanzi.
• Oogqirha abaziingcali ngokweemfuno zomntwana: Umzekelo, ingcali yentliziyo, ingcali ye-endocrinologist, ingcali yemfuza, kunye nengcali ye-otolaryngologist.
• Iingcali zonyango lwentetho : Nceda umntwana akwazi ukuthetha.
• Iingcali zonyango lomzimba : Yomeleza izihlunu kwaye uphucule izakhono zokushukuma.
• Iingcali zonyango lomsebenzi: Phuhlisa izakhono ezifunekayo ukuze wenze imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla ngokulula.
• Iingcali zonyango lokuziphatha: Ncedani ekulawuleni imingeni yeemvakalelo ehambisana ne-Down syndrome.

Ziziphi ezinye iimeko zempilo ezinokunxulunyaniswa neDown Syndrome?

Abantu abane-Down syndrome banokuba nezinye iimeko zempilo ezikhoyo xa bezalwa okanye zikhule ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ugqirha angakunceda wena nomntwana wakho ukuba nilawule ezi meko. Ezona meko zixhaphakileyo zezi:

• Iingxaki zentliziyo .
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-thyroid .
• Iingxaki zenkqubo yokugaya ukutya : ukuqhina, i-gastroesophageal reflux, kunye nesifo se-celiac.
• I-Autism : Imingeni enxulumene nezakhono zentlalo, unxibelelwano, kunye nokuziphatha okuphindaphindiweyo.
• Isifo sika-Alzheimer (njengoko ukhula).

Ngaba abantu abane-Down syndrome basengozini enkulu yokufumana isifo se-Alzheimer?

Ewe, abantu abane-Down syndrome basengozini enkulu yokufumana isifo se-Alzheimer njengoko bekhula. Izifundo zibonise ukuba malunga nama-30% abantu abane-Down syndrome abakwiminyaka yabo yama-50 kunye nama-50% abantu abakwiminyaka yabo yama-60 banokufumana esi sifo.

Kuthiwa i-chromosome eyongezelelweyo 21 yimbangela yolu mngcipheko unyukayo. Oku kungenxa yokuba ii-genes ezikwi-chromosome 21 zivelisa iproteni ebizwa ngokuba yi-amyloid precursor protein, enoxanduva lotshintsho olubonwa kwiingqondo zabantu abane-Alzheimer's.

Ngaba i-Down Syndrome ingathintelwa?

I-Down syndrome yimeko yemfuza, ngoko ke ayinakuthintelwa . Ukuba ufuna ukwazi umngcipheko wokuba nomntwana onesi sifo, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga neengcebiso zemfuza.

Yintoni omele uyilindele ukuba unomntwana oneDown Syndrome?

Ngenkxaso nothando olufanelekileyo, abantwana abane-Down syndrome banokuphila ubomi obonwabisayo nobunempilo . Unyango kunye nonyango lunokubanceda boyise izigaba zokukhula, bafunde nabanye abantwana abaneminyaka yabo, benze abahlobo, kwaye babe nemisebenzi ephumelelayo.

Kukho amaqela amaninzi kunye nezixhobo zokunceda abazali, iintsapho kunye nabanakekeli.

Ngaba ikho indlela yokunyanga iDown Syndrome?

Hayi. I-Down syndrome yimeko ehlala ubomi bonke kwaye akukho nyango . Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu zinokulawulwa, kwaye kukho unyango lwezinye iimeko zempilo ezinokubakho.

Ingakanani iminyaka yokuphila yabantu abaneDown Syndrome?

Kule mihla, umyinge wobomi bomntu onesifo seDown syndrome yiminyaka engama-60 nangaphezulu . Basenokufuna inkxaso kunye nenkathalo ebomini babo bonke.

Ziziphi izixhobo ezikhoyo kubantu abane-Down syndrome kunye neentsapho zabo?

Kukho izixhobo ezininzi zokunceda abantu abane-Down syndrome kunye neentsapho zabo. Iintsapho ezininzi zijoyina amaqela enkxaso ye-Down syndrome ukuze babelane ngamava abo kwaye bathethe ngeendlela zokunceda abantwana babo baphile ubomi obusempilweni nobanelisayo.

Abantu abaneDown Syndrome banokufuna inkxaso ubomi babo bonke. Ukongeza kunyango, banokufuna uncedo ngezinto ezifana nemfundo, umsebenzi, kunye nokuphila ngokuzimela. Kukho imibutho eyahlukeneyo enika ulwazi namandla kwaba bantu kunye neentsapho zabo. Kukho imibutho kunye neenkqubo ezifanayo eSri Lanka, ngoko ke ungazijonga.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

• Ukuba ndirhanela ukuba ndineDown Syndrome, ndingazilungiselela njani ukuzalwa komntwana wam?
• Ndingamxhasa njani umntwana wam?
• Ngaba ungacebisa naziphi na izixhobo ezinokunceda iintsapho?
• Ngubani ofanele abe kwiqela lokunyamekela umntwana wam?

Ngaba abantu abaneDown Syndrome banabo abantwana?

Ewe, abantu abaneDown Syndrome banokuba nabantwana. Malunga nama-50% abafazi bayakwazi ukuba nabantwana. Amadoda asenokuba nobunzima bokuzala. Kumama oneDown Syndrome, umngcipheko wokudlulisela esi sifo kubantwana bakhe uphakathi kwama-35% nama-50%.

Kuqhelekile ukuziva uxinezelekile xa ufumanisa ukuba umntwana wakho une-Down syndrome. Njengoko uzama ukumelana neendaba, khumbula ukuba awuwedwa kwaye i-chromosome eyongezelelweyo yomntwana wakho yinxalenye yobuntu bakhe. Ungafumana inkxaso kwiqela lezonyango lomntwana wakho, okanye kusapho nakumaqela abanakekeli ukuze ufunde ngakumbi ngale meko kwaye uncede umntwana wakho aphumelele.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka sizikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-Down Syndrome ayiyonto yokoyika, kubalulekile ukuba nolwazi olufanelekileyo ngayo.

• Le yimeko yemfuza, ayilotyala lamntu.
• Wonke umntwana wahlukile, kwaye abantwana abane-Down syndrome bakhula ngendlela yabo eyahlukileyo.
• Ngokuchongwa kwangethuba kunye nonyango olufunekayo kunye nenkxaso, aba bantwana banokuphila ubomi obonwabisayo nobunenjongo.
• Awuwedwa! Baninzi abantu kunye nezixhobo zokukunceda nokukuxhasa. Jongana nale ngxaki ngesimo sengqondo esihle nothando .

Khumbula, wonke umntwana sisipho esixabisekileyo. Ukuba unikwa uthando, inkathalo, kunye nethuba alidingayo, unokuloyisa ihlabathi!

I- Down syndrome, ii-chromosomes, izifo zemfuza, uphuhliso lomntwana, iimfuno ezizodwa, imfundo yezempilo, eSri Lanka